Russian occupation of Gotland
{{Short description|1808 occupation during the Finnish War}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{expand Russian|topic=mil|date=March 2024}}
{{more footnotes|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Occupation of Gotland
| partof = the Finnish War (Napoleonic Wars)
| image = Karta öfver Gotland och Wisby – P A Säve 1858.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = 1858 map of Gotland
| date = 22 April – 18 May 1808
| coordinates =
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| result = Swedish victory
| territory = Russians leave Gotland
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg|border=no|22px}} Sweden
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} Russian Empire
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg|border=no|22px}} Rudolf Cederström
{{flagicon image|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg|border=no|22px}} Erik af Klint {{Surrendered}}
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} Nikolai Bodisko
| strength1 = 2,000
| strength2 = 1,800
9 merchant ships
| casualties1 = 1 dead
| casualties2 = 1,800 surrendered{{#tag:ref|The Russian force was allowed to leave Gotland on the condition that they would not fight Sweden within one year.{{sfn|Sandström|2008|p=59}}|group=note}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Finnish War}}
The Russian occupation of Gotland took place in April and May 1808, during the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia.
History
Russia had invaded Finland on 21 February 1808. An invasion force of nine Russian merchant ships left Liepāja and landed 22 April, after losing its course due to fog, at Slesviken in Grötlingbo on south Gotland with 1,800 men and six artillery guns under the command of Admiral Nikolai Andreevich Bodisko. After some initial confusion, beacons raised an invasion alarm which eventually reached the county governor, the retired marine officer Erik af Klint. Af Klint started organizing an armed force in Gotland following orders from Stockholm.
However, Gotland had no troops ready at the time of the invasion. Instead af Klint had to raise a peasant levy. The levy encountered the Russian expeditionary force at Klinte Church and {{ILL|Ajmunds bro|sv}}. Af Klint judged the military situation unfavorable and decided to surrender without a fight. On 23 April the surrender took place, without documents, at the Sandäskes inn in Sanda. The next day the Russian force marched into Visby and found quarters. Bodisko proclaimed himself governor of Gotland, but Swedish officials{{snd}}except for af Klint{{snd}}were allowed to remain.
The two Swedish ships of the line {{ILL|Tapperheten|sv|3=HMS_Tapperheten}} and Manligheten were sent from Karlskrona and blockaded the harbor of Slite beginning 12 May, hampering the possibility of Russian reinforcements. A Swedish relief expedition under the command of Admiral Rudolf Cederström was dispatched from Karlskrona on 11 May with the ships of the line {{ILL|Konung Gustav IV Adolph|sv}}, {{ILL|Vladislaff|sv}}, Prins Fredrik Adolph and Äran, the frigate Bellona 5, the brigantines Svala and Disa and the yacht Fortuna. On board were soldiers from Småland commanded by the lieutenant-colonel of the Jönköping Regiment, {{ILL|Carl Johan Fleetwood|sv}} (1757–1834).
When news reached Visby that Swedish forces were on Gotland, the Russians capitulated. The Swedish force of over two thousand had by this time marched to Tule in Ganthem from Sandviken in Gammelgarn, where the Swedish fleet squadrons had arrived on 14 May. The Russians evacuated Visby on 17 May and left Gotland via Slite the next day.
Losses
The only loss associated with the Russian occupation was boatsman Carl Fredrik Lindgren (1777–1808), who fell to his death from the rigging of the flagship, Konung Gustav IV Adolph, at Sandviken. He was buried at {{ILL|Syssne udd|sv}}.
Aftermath
Nikolai Bodisko was court-martialed and lost his commission (which he later regained).
In Sweden, the occupation led to the organization of national conscription, and Gotland National Conscription was the first unit raised in 1811.
See also
Notes
{{reflist|group=note}}
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- {{cite book |title=Ryss'n kummar! |isbn=9789186343002 |language=Swedish |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-126 |first1=Åke |last1=Sandström |first2=Lena |last2=Wikström |publisher=Gotland University Press |year=2009}}
- {{cite web |title=Den ryska ockupationen av Gotland 1808 |url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:236110/FULLTEXT01.pdf |first=Åke |last=Sandström |language=sv |date=2008-05-06 |access-date=2024-04-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519095422/https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:236110/FULLTEXT01.pdf |archive-date=2021-05-19}}
- {{cite web |url= http://www.tjelvar.se/varia/50-1.htm |language=sv |title=Den ryska ockupationen av Gotland 1808 |access-date=2024-04-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207191607/http://www.tjelvar.se/varia/50-1.htm |archive-date=2013-12-07}}
- {{cite web |url= http://www.hembygd.se/ostergarn-gammelgarn/files/2014/07/Sysnegraven-2013-2.pdf |language=sv | title=Graven på Sysneudd |first=Ingemund |last=Hägg |year=2013 | publisher=Östergarn-Gammelgarns Hembygdsförening |access-date=2024-04-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903142155/http://www.hembygd.se/ostergarn-gammelgarn/files/2014/07/Sysnegraven-2013-2.pdf |archive-date=2014-09-03}}
- {{cite book |title=Illustrerad svensk sjökrigshistoria: afsedd för undervisningen vid k. sjökrigsskolan. Del 1, omfattande tiden intill 1680 | year=1909 |publisher = Bonniers |location=Stockholm | language=sv |first=Gunnar |last=Unger |pages=228-32 |oclc=28393050}}
- {{cite web |url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=94&artikel=5816871 |title=I spåren efter den ryska invasionen av Gotland 1808 |last=Koskelainen |first=Mika |date=2008-03-22 |publisher=Sveriges Radio |access-date=2014-08-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615103944/https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/5816871 |archive-date=2021-06-15 |lang = sv}}