Rustication (academia)

Notable Britons who were rusticated during their time at University have included:

• John Lyly (c. 1553–1606), author of Euphues. Rusticated from Magdalen College, Oxford, for unknown reasons.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
• John Milton (1609–1674), rusticated from Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1626 for quarreling with his tutor.{{cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ma-Mo/Milton-John.html |title=John Milton Biography - life, family, children, story, death, history, wife, school, young, son, information, born |publisher=Notablebiographies.com |date= |accessdate=2014-01-07}}
• John Dryden (1631–1700), rusticated from Trinity College, Cambridge, for having exchanged insults with his college vice-master.{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/1/4/8/11488/11488.txt |title=The Poetical Works of John Dryden, Volume 1 by John Dryden - Free Ebook |publisher=Gutenberg.org |date=2004-03-01 |accessdate=2014-01-07}}
• Walter Savage Landor (1775–1864), rusticated from Trinity College, Oxford, in 1794. Landor had fired a gun at the window of a fellow student whose late night revelry had disturbed him and for whom he had an aversion. Landor chose not to return.{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext03/cntjl10.txt |title=Count Julian by Walter Savage Landor - Free Ebook |publisher=Gutenberg.org |date=2003-05-01 |accessdate=2014-01-07}}
• Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822), rusticated from University College, Oxford, in 1811 for writing "The Necessity of Atheism" and then disseminating the pamphlet to the heads of all colleges at the University. Shelley had originally been sent down (permanently expelled), but upon a supplication from his father to the University was given a chance to deny authorship and return. Shelley refused to deny authorship and was therefore sent down.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
• Richard Francis Burton (1821–1890), rusticated from Trinity College, Oxford, in 1842 for challenging a fellow student to a duel, the latter having mocked the shape of Burton's moustache. {{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
• Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909), rusticated from Balliol College, Oxford, in 1859 for having publicly supported the attempted assassination of Napoleon III by Orsini.{{cite web|url=http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=617493 |title=Algernon Charles Swinburne |publisher=Everything2.com |date= |accessdate=2014-01-07}}{{unreliable source?|certain=y|reason=source cites wikipedia|date=December 2015}}
• Oscar Wilde (1854–1900), rusticated from Magdalen College, Oxford, after having returned to his college some three weeks after a new term had begun.{{cite web|url=http://www.biographyonline.net/poets/oscar_wilde.html |title=Oscar Wilde |publisher=Biography online |date=2006-11-22 |accessdate=2014-01-07}}
• John Betjeman (1906–1984), rusticated from Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1928.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
• Mark Boxer (1931–1988), rusticated in the 1950s from King's College, Cambridge, as editor of Granta, the student magazine, when it published a poem deemed by the authorities to be blasphemous.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
• Auberon Waugh (1939–2001), rusticated from Christ Church, Oxford, in 1957. Waugh failed to perform sufficiently well to pass his Philosophy, Politics and Economics prelim exams. Waugh chose not to return.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
• Nick Raynsford (b. 1945), rusticated from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge following a night climbing incident in which he had displayed a banner against the Vietnam War between the pinnacles of King's College Chapel.{{cite news|last=Whipple|first=Tom|date=10 June 2007|title=Nocturnal Missions – The Times online, 10 June 2007|location=London|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1899447.ece|access-date=10 August 2008}}

The term was widely used in the United States in the 19th century, and on occasion, later. Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner, in The Gilded Age, have a character explain the term:

{{blockquote|"Philip used to come to Fallkill often while he was in college. He was once rusticated here for a term."

"Rusticated?"

"Suspended for some College scrape."{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/5820/5820.txt |title=The Gilded Age, Part 3. by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner - Free Ebook |publisher=Gutenberg.org |date=2004-06-20 |accessdate=2014-01-07}}}}

In a story in the August 1858 Atlantic Monthly,{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10626/10626-h/10626-h.htm |title=The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 02, No. 10, August, 1858 by Various - Free Ebook |publisher=Gutenberg.org |date=2004-01-01 |accessdate=2014-01-07}} a character reminisces:

{{blockquote|"It was long before you were born, my dear, that, for some college peccadilloes,—it is so long ago that I have almost forgotten now what they were,—I was suspended (rusticated we called it) for a term, and advised by the grave and dignified president to spend my time in repenting and in keeping up with my class. I had no mind to come home; I had no wish, by my presence, to keep the memory of my misdemeanors before my father's mind for six months; so I asked and gained leave to spend the summer in a little town in Western Massachusetts, where, as I said, I should have nothing to tempt me from my studies."}}

Kevin Starr writes of Richard Henry Dana Jr. that:[http://print.google.com/print?hl=en&id=vpMI4z-tDPMC&dq=kevin+starr+rusticated&prev=http://print.google.com/print%3Fq%3Dkevin%2Bstarr%2Brusticated&lpg=PA40&pg=PA40&sig=nUJrmz7IYYSI_dlcTzPbqbfQqLU]{{dead link|date=January 2014}}

{{blockquote|"Harvard's rigid rules and narrow curriculum had proved equally repressive. Rusticated for taking part in a student rebellion, Dana had spent six months in quiet rural study in Andover under a kindly clerical tutor."}}

A biographer refers to one of James Russell Lowell's college letters as "written while he was at Concord because rusticated".[http://print.google.com/print?hl=en&id=BX2yToKJx40C&dq=rusticated+college&prev=http://print.google.com/print%3Fq%3Drusticated%2Bcollege&lpg=PA82&pg=PA82&sig=Ikpr0Mt59U2fTYqDgSmuQweYQ_w]{{dead link|date=January 2014}}

In a 1932 letter to Time, the publisher William Randolph Hearst denied he had been expelled from Harvard College, saying he had instead been "rusticated in [1886] for an excess of political enthusiasm" and had simply never returned.{{cite journal |journal=Time Magazine |date=January 11, 1932 |title=Rusticated Hearst: A newspaper tycoon defends his Harvard record |url=https://ideas.time.com/letters/rusticated-hearst/?iid=op-article-notable}}

The term is still used occasionally in the United States. For example:

"The penalty for plagiarism at Harvard Extension is a failing grade in the course and rustication from the university for at least one calendar year."Harvard Extension School (2009). Course syllabus. Retrieved from http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic515075.files/121syl-09.doc.{{dead link|date=March 2014}}

At Rice University, rustication is a punishment separate from suspension. Students who have been rusticated are banned from social activities on campus and are only allowed on campus to attend class.{{cite web|url=http://students.rice.edu/students/Conduct.asp |title=Code of Conduct : Rice University |publisher=Students.rice.edu |date= |accessdate=2014-01-07}}

• Expulsion (education)
• Suspension (punishment)

{{Reflist|1}}

• [http://technology.guardian.co.uk/online/news/0,12597,1261609,00.html Guardian story about being rusticated]
• Kevin Starr, 1973: Americans and the California Dream 1850-1915, Oxford University Press. 1986 reprint: {{ISBN|0-19-504233-6}}

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Category:Education in the United Kingdom

Category:Education in the United States

Category:School punishments

Category:Terminology of the University of Cambridge

Category:Terminology of the University of Oxford

Category:Terminology of Durham University