Ruth Cheney Streeter
{{Short description|American military officer (1895–1990)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=Ruth Cheney Streeter
|image=Ruth Cheney Streeter.jpg
|caption=Cheney Streeter in 1945
|birth_name= Ruth Cheney
|birth_date= {{birth date|1895|10|2}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|1990|9|30|1895|10|2}}
|birth_place= Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S.
|death_place= Morristown, New Jersey
|placeofburial= Peterborough, New Hampshire
|placeofburial_label= Place of burial
|nickname=
|allegiance=United States of America
|branch= United States Marine Corps
|serviceyears=1943–1945
|rank= Colonel
|unit=
|commands=United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve
|battles= World War II
|awards=Legion of Merit
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}
Ruth Cheney Streeter (October 2, 1895 – September 30, 1990) was an American military officer who was the first director of the United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve (USMCWR). In 1943, she became the first woman to attain the rank of major in the United States Marine Corps when she was commissioned as a major on January 29, 1943.{{cite web
|accessdate=July 18, 2007
|url=http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~uscnrotc/Alumni-USMC/mhistory/m-women-60.htm
|title=USC Marine History – 60th Birthday of Women in the Corps
|author=Fisher, SSgt Cindy
|work=Marine Corps News'
|date=February 1, 1944|archive-date=November 5, 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105221754/http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~uscnrotc/Alumni-USMC/mhistory/m-women-60.htm
|url-status=live
}} She retired in 1945 as a lieutenant colonel.
Life and military career
Born Ruth Cheney on October 2, 1895, in Brookline, Massachusetts. She graduated from Bryn Mawr College in 1918.{{cite web
|accessdate=November 18, 2007
|url=http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Streeter_RC.htm
|title=Colonel Ruth Cheney Streeter, USMCWR
|work=Who's Who in Marine Corps History
|publisher=History Division, United States Marine Corps
|archive-date=June 15, 2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615085550/http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Streeter_RC.htm
|url-status=live
}}
On June 23, 1917, she married Thomas W. Streeter; they went on to have four children.{{cite web
|accessdate=December 21, 2008
|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fst73
|title=Streeter, Thomas Winthrop
|first=Ruth Cheney
|last=Streeter
|work=Handbook of Texas Online
|archive-date=July 10, 2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710033503/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fst73
|url-status=live
|accessdate=December 21, 2008
|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/publications/journals/shq/online/v046/n4/contrib_DIVL5185.html
|title=Texas Collection
|first=H. Bailey
|last=Carroll
|journal=Southwestern Historical Quarterly
|volume=46
|issue=1
|year=1943
|publisher=Texas State Historical Association
|archive-date=October 7, 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007054132/http://www.tshaonline.org/publications/journals/shq/online/v046/n4/contrib_DIVL5185.html
|url-status=live
}} They lived in Morristown, New Jersey, where she was involved in civic affairs, and served as the first woman president of the Morris County, New Jersey Welfare Board.
At the age of 47, Streeter earned her commercial pilot's license, with the intention of joining either the WAVES or the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPS) as a ferry pilot in the war effort. After being rejected five times by the WASPS on account of her age, however, Streeter chose to give up flying altogether, and instead joined the United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve.{{cite web
|accessdate=November 3, 2015
|url=http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/001525912/catalog
|title=Reminiscences of Colonel Ruth Cheney Streeter
|first=Ruth Cheney
|last=Streeter
|via=Schlesinger Library
|archive-date=October 1, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001080758/https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/search?tab=everything&search_scope=everything&vid=HVD2&lang=en_US&mode=basic&offset=0&query=lsr01,contains,001525912
|url-status=live
}} On January 29, 1943, she was commissioned as a major and appointed director of the United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve. She was in office on the official creation date of MCWR on February 13, 1943.{{Cite book|title=Amazons to Fighter Pilots – A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women|last=Pennington|first=Reina|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2003|isbn=0-313-32708-4|location=Westport, Connecticut|pages=420–421}} She was promoted to lieutenant colonel later that year, and breveted to full colonel in 1944. She resigned her commission on December 6, 1945.{{cite web
|accessdate = December 21, 2008
|url = http://parks.morris.nj.us/speedwell/bio/RSbio.html
|title = Biographical Sketch – Ruth Streeter
|publisher = Historic Speedwell
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070909173811/http://parks.morris.nj.us/speedwell/bio/RSbio.html
|archivedate = September 9, 2007
}} During Streeter's tenure, the Women's Reserve grew to a size of 831 officers and 17,714 enlisted.
On October 31, 1945 she was awarded the Legion of Merit. The accompanying citation states in part:
For exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services while Director of the Marine Corps Women's Reserve from February 13, 1943 to the present time. Appointed as Director of the Women's Reserve which was non-existent, Colonel Streeter by her energy, force, tact, graciousness and superior judgment, planned and organized the Women's Reserve, a branch of the Marine Corps consisting of some nineteen thousand women, which has proven to the satisfaction of all to have made a most valuable contribution to the part marines have taken in the winning of the war. Her courage and fortitude in the early days of formation of the Women's Reserve and their first replacement of men for combat overcame the doubts of many and the reluctance to admit that women had a place in a military organization. She and the organization which she has so ably directed have attained a degree of efficiency second to none. Today this component part of the Marine Corps has the admiration and respect of the entire Marine Corps and of the whole nation. Her conduct throughout has been in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
In addition to the Legion of Merit, Streeter was also awarded the American Campaign Medal and the World War II Victory Medal.{{cite web
|accessdate = December 21, 2008
|url = http://www.mclm.com/tohonor/rcstreeter.html
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041214230222/http://www.mclm.com/tohonor/rcstreeter.html
|url-status = dead
|archive-date = December 14, 2004
|publisher = Marine Corps Legacy Museum
|title = Colonel Ruth Cheney Streeter USMCWR
}}
In 1947, she was appointed as a member of the New Jersey Constitutional Convention.{{cite book
|accessdate=December 21, 2008
|url=http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/njwomenshistory/Period_5/streeter.htm
|title=Ruth Cheney Streeter
|year=2006
|work=New Jersey Women's History
|publisher=Women's Project of New Jersey, Rutgers University
|archive-date=March 21, 2008
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321061045/http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/njwomenshistory/Period_5/streeter.htm
|url-status=live
}}
Streeter died of congestive heart failure on September 30, 1990, in Morristown, New Jersey.{{cite news
|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE0DD133CF93AA25752C0A960948260
|title=Ruth Cheney Streeter Weds
|work=New York Times
|date=January 19, 1986 |access-date=February 12, 2017
|archive-date=October 1, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001080757/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/19/style/ruth-cheney-streeter-weds.html
|url-status=live
|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEEDC1E3AF931A35753C1A966958260
|title=Ruth C. Streeter, 94, Ex-Leader Of Women Reserves in Marines
|work=New York Times
|date=October 2, 1990 |access-date=February 12, 2017
|archive-date=October 1, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001080820/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/02/obituaries/ruth-c-streeter-94-ex-leader-of-women-reserves-in-marines.html
|url-status=live
}} She is buried in Peterborough, New Hampshire.{{cite book
|accessdate=December 20, 2008
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WSaMu4F06AQC&q=Ruth+Cheney+Streeter&pg=PA622
|title=Notable American Women
|author=Ware, Susan and Stacy Lorraine Braukman
|publisher=Harvard University Press
|year=2004
|page=662
|isbn=978-0-674-01488-6
|archive-date=October 1, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001080757/https://books.google.com/books?id=WSaMu4F06AQC&q=Ruth+Cheney+Streeter&pg=PA622
|url-status=live
}}
See also
- Katherine Amelia Towle, 2nd Director of the USMC Women's Reserve (1945–1946) and 1st Director of Women Marines
- Margaret A. Brewer, 6th and final director of Women Marines, who was the first woman to become a general in the Marine Corps
- Caroline Rose Foster, Morristown farmer and philanthropist, who was a friend of Ruth Streeter
- Cheney Award, established by Ruth and her mother to honor her brother who was killed in WWI
References
{{Reflist|2}}
Further reading
- {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUQrAAAAMAAJ&q=Ruth+Cheney+Streeter
|chapter=No Authority and No Responsibility Either (Ruth Cheney Streeter)|pages=16–49
|first=John T. |last=Mason
|title=The Atlantic War Remembered: An Oral History Collection
|publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-87021-523-0}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box |before = none |title = Director of United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve |years = 1943–1945|after = Katherine Amelia Towle}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Streeter, Ruth Cheney}}
Category:Marine Corps Women's Reserve personnel
Category:Bryn Mawr College alumni
Category:Military personnel from Brookline, Massachusetts
Category:Military personnel from Morristown, New Jersey