Ruth Reeves

Ruth Marie Reeves was born in Redlands, California, on July 14, 1892.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/ruth-reeves/|title=Ruth Reeves|website=John Simon Guggenheim Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-14}} She attended the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn from 1910 to 1911, the San Francisco Art Institute from 1911 to 1913, and won an Art Students League's scholarship in 1913, where she studied until 1915. In 1917 she married Leland Olds, a graduate of Amherst College.{{cite magazine|title=The Classes|magazine=Amherst Graduates' Quarterly |date=August 1917|volume=6|number=24|url=https://archive.org/details/amherstgraduates06amheuoft/page/292|page=293}} They divorced in 1922.{{cite web |title=Series 1: Finding Aid to the Ruth Reeves papers, 1880-1967 |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/ruth-reeves-papers-9188/series-1 |website=Archives of American Art |accessdate=14 July 2019 |language=en}}

In 1920, Reeves traveled to Paris and studied with Fernand Léger.{{Cite book|title = American Women Modernists: The Legacy of Robert Henri, 1910-1945|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Tl0_m4YaXqkC|publisher = Rutgers University Press|date = 2005-01-01|isbn = 9780813536842|first1 = Marian|last1 = Wardle|first2 = Sarah|last2 = Burns|first3 = Brigham Young University Museum of|last3 = Art}} During her time in Paris, she pioneered the use of vat dyes and the screen print process for home fabrics.{{Cite journal|title = Ruth Reeves' "Personal Prints" Printed Textiles From The 1930s And 40s |url = http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/560/|journal = Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings|accessdate = 2015-12-28|date = January 1992|last1 = Blausen|first1 = Whitney}}

Returning to the United States in 1927, her designs were influenced by modern developments in France like Cubism.{{cite book |author=Woodham, Jonathan M. |title=A Dictionary of Modern Design (Oxford Paperback Reference) |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |year=2006 |isbn=0-19-280639-4 |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/ruth-reeves }} (extract hosted at Answers.com) Reeves's first exhibition was with the American Designers' Gallery in New York, where she showed textiles.{{cite web |title=Ruth Reeves papers |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/ruth-reeves-papers-9188/biographical-note |website=The Archives of American Art |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |accessdate=8 March 2019}} Lewis Mumford called her wall hangings and dresses inspired by traditional Guatemalan designs shown in 1935 "probably the most interesting work any designer has offered for commercial production today."{{cite book |author1=Wojtowicz, Robert |author2=Mumford, Lewis |title=Mumford on Modern Art in the 1930s |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=2007 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mumfordonmoderna0000mumf/page/154 154]|url=https://archive.org/details/mumfordonmoderna0000mumf |url-access=registration |quote=Ruth Reeves. |isbn=978-0-520-24858-8 }}

One of her best-known works was the carpeting and wall fabrics of Radio City Music Hall in New York City.{{cite book |author1=Doss, Erika Lee |author2=Clayton, Virginia Tuttle |author3=Stillinger, Elizabeth |title=Drawing on America's past: Folk Art, Modernism, and the Index of American Design |publisher=National Gallery of Art |location=Washington |year=2002 |pages=5–6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niirv86hxkQC&q=%22Ruth+Reeves%22&pg=PA5 |isbn=0-89468-295-4 }} Her fabric and carpet designs along with those of her colleague Marguerita Mergentime can be seen there today.{{cite book | title=The art of Rockefeller Center / Christine Roussel. - Version details | website=Trove | url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/40174385 | accessdate=March 24, 2017| isbn=9780393060829 | last1=Roussel | first1=Christine | year=2006 }} Donald Deskey, who won the competition to design the interiors for Radio City Music Hall, commissioned Reeves and Mergentime to design textiles for the hall.{{cite book | title=The art of Rockefeller Center | website=NOBLE (All Libraries) | date=January 31, 2017 | url=http://evergreen.noblenet.org/eg/opac/record/2399203 | accessdate=March 24, 2017| isbn=9780393060829 | last1=Roussel | first1=Christine }}

The Index of American Design, one of three main divisions of the Federal Art Project (FAP) was originally conceived by Reeves and Romana Javitz, the curator of the Picture Collection at the New York Public Library, as a way for the American artist to find authentic American everyday objects to use as visual references for their work. The Index was established with the FAP in January 1936 with Reeves as its national supervisor. She held the position until the spring when Adolph Cook Glassgold replaced her. Within the Index, Shaker works were highly prized as Reeves felt they emphasized the art of the American common man.{{Cite book|title = Kentucky by Design: The Decorative Arts and American Culture|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DgZ2CQAAQBAJ|publisher = University Press of Kentucky|date = 2015-05-26|isbn = 9780813155692|first = Andrew|last = Kelly}}{{Cite book|title = The New Deal fine arts projects : a bibliography, 1933-1992|url = https://archive.org/stream/newdealfineartsp00kalf#page/n45/mode/2up/search/reeves|via = archive.org|accessdate = 2015-12-29|date = 1994|publisher = Scarecrow Press|last = Kalfatovic|first = Martin R.}}

She later taught at the Cooper Union Art School in New York.{{Cite book|title = Twentieth-Century Pattern Design|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=c93jEZwcfPoC|publisher = Princeton Architectural Press|date = 2007-02-08|isbn = 9781568987125|first = Lesley|last = Jackson}} She married engineer Donald Robert Baker and had three daughters. The couple separated in 1940.

After 1956, she moved to India as a Fulbright scholar, where she served on the All India Handicrafts Board. She died in New Delhi in 1966.{{cite web|url=http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/moynihan/programs/sac/Outreach/ruth_reeves.asp |title=Ruth Reeves Memorial Collection of the Folk Art in India |work=South Asia Center, Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs, Syracuse University |accessdate=2009-03-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724203113/http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/moynihan/programs/sac/Outreach/ruth_reeves.asp |archive-date=July 24, 2008 }}

She often worked with narratives sourced from her life or friends lives. South Mountain is one of her earliest narrative pieces designed as an autobiographical family portrait. It was named after the road she lived on in the artist colony in New City, New York. This piece was the start of her "personal prints" that were privately commissioned limited editions.

In 1930, Reeve was commissioned by the W. & J. Sloane Company to create a group of narrative textiles to be submitted to the American Federation of Art for their International Exhibition of Decorative Metalwork and Cotton Textiles that was to be held later that year at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The company neglected to check in on her progress and in the end were horrified at the unconventional fabric she designed. Each pattern was printed on twenty-nine different types of cotton and depicted a series of rooms in an imaginary house. The fabrics also didn't sell and the relationship ended unhappily. The most notable work from this collection is "American Scene," a panorama that celebrates everyday American life: work, sports, and family.{{Cite book|title = Women Designers in the USA, 1900-2000: Diversity and Difference : Jacqueline M. Atkins ... [et Al.]|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0nxzw0wdIREC|publisher = Yale University Press|date = 2002-01-01|isbn = 0300093314|first = Pat|last = Kirkham}}{{Cite book|title = Makers: A History of American Studio Craft|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=i7rqCQAAQBAJ|publisher = Univ of North Carolina Press|date = 2010-07-31|isbn = 9780807895832|first1 = Janet|last1 = Koplos|first2 = Bruce|last2 = Metcalf}}

In 1933, Reeves created a series of textiles inspired by the Hudson River School. These textiles were funded by a grant from the Gardner School Alumnae Fund. In 1934, the textiles were shown at the National Alliance of Art and Industry.

In 1934, she traveled to Guatemala through a sponsorship from the Carnegie Institution. The textiles she collected on this trip were exhibited at Radio City in New York. In 1935, she worked with R. H. Macy & Company to create five Guatemalan-inspired patterns that were some of her only works to be produced commercially.

• Ruth Reeves (1930) American Scene. W. & J. Sloane Company
• Ruth Reeves (1932) Carpets. Radio City Music Hall
• Ruth Reeves (1932) Wallpaper. Rockefeller Center
• {{cite book |author=Ruth Reeves |title= Cire Perdue Casting in India |publisher=Crafts Museum |location=New Delhi |year=1962 }}

{{reflist|25em }}

• {{cite journal |last1=Bernstein |first1=Noga |title=Maya Modern: Ruth Reeves and the Guatemalan Exhibition of Textiles and Costumes |journal=American Art |date=2020 |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=44–71 |doi=10.1086/712750 }}
• {{cite book |author=Jackson, Lesley |title=Twentieth Century Pattern Design |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |location=New York |year=2007 |pages=87–88|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c93jEZwcfPoC&q=%22Ruth+Reeves%22&pg=PA88 |isbn=978-1-56898-712-5 }}
• Kelly, Andrew. "Kentucky by Design: The Decorative Arts, American Culture, and the Index of American Design". Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 2015. {{ISBN|978-0-8131-5567-8}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=William D. |title="You'd Swear They Were Modern": Ruth Reeves, the Index of American Design, and the Canonization of Shaker Material Culture |journal=Winterthur Portfolio |date=2013 |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=1–34 |doi=10.1086/670158 |jstor=10.1086/670158 |s2cid=161459231 }}
• {{cite book |author=Tartsinis, Ann Marguerite |title=An American Style: Global Sources for New York Textile and Fashion Design, 1915-1928 |publisher=Yale University Press / Bard Graduate Center |location=New York |year=2013 | pages=49, 112 |url=http://store.bgc.bard.edu/an-american-style-global-sources-for-new-york-textile-and-fashion-design-1915-1928-by-ann-marguerite-tartsinis/ |isbn=978-0-300-19943-7 }}

{{Commons}}

• [https://www.ruthreeves.com An online catalogue raisonné of the work of Ruth Reeves]
• [https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/ruth-reeves-papers-9188 Ruth Reeves papers, 1880-1967, at the Archives of American Art]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080724203113/http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/moynihan/programs/sac/Outreach/ruth_reeves.asp Ruth Reeves Memorial Collection of the Folk Art in India]
• {{LCAuth|no94034121|Ruth Reeves|4|}}

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Category:1892 births

Category:1966 deaths

Category:Art Deco artists

Category:American textile designers

Category:Federal Art Project administrators

Category:American expatriates in France