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Rutilus

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}

{{other uses}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Rutilusrutilus38cm 2143x1060.JPG

| image_caption = Common roach (Rutilus rutilus)

| display_parents = 2

| taxon = Rutilus

| authority = Rafinesque, 1820{{Cof family|family=Leuciscinae|access-date=16 April 2025}}

| type_species = Cyprinus rutilus

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758

| synonyms = {{Genus list

| Cenisophius | Bonaparte, 1846

| Gardonus | Bonaparte, 1846

| Metallites | Schulze, 1890

| Orfus | Fitzinger, 1873

| Orthroleucos | Derjavin, 1937

| Pararutilus | Berg, 1912

| Pigus | Bonaparte, 1846

| Rubellus | Fitzinger, 1873

}}

| synonyms_ref =

| subdivision_ranks =

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}}

Rutilus, commonly known as roaches, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This genus is a widely distributed lineage of leuciscids and ranges from West Europe to East Siberia.{{FishBase_genus | genus = Rutilus | month = October | year = 2016 }}

Taxonomy

Rutilus was first proposed as a genus in 1820 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque with Cyprinus rutilus designated as the type species but also the type species by absolute tautonymy. Cyprinus rutilus was first formally described in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus with "European lakes" given as the type locality.{{Cof genus|genus=Rutilus|access-date=16 April 2025}}

In a phylogeographic study, Levin et al. (2017) argue that the Ponto-Caspian taxa including R. caspicus, R. heckelii and R. stoumboudae could represent a single widespread species whose range extends to Siberia, to be named Rutilus lacustris, whereas R. kutum is included in R. frisii.

Levin, B.A., Simonov, E.P., Ermakov, O.A., Levina, M.A., Interesova, E.A., Kovalchuk, O.M., Malinina, Y.A., Mamilov, N.S., Mustafayev, N.J., Pilin, D.V., Pozdeev, I.V., Prostakov, N.I., Roubenyan, H.R., Titov, S.V. & Vekhov, D.A. (2017): [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10750-016-2984-3 Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus Rutilus (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis.] Hydrobiologia, 788 (1): 33–46.

The genera Leucos and Sarmarutilus have been recently separated from Rutilus and are closely related to it.{{cite journal |author=Bianco, P.G.|author2= Ketmaier, V. |year=2014|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2014/f/z03841p402f.pdf |title=A revision of the Rutilus complex from Mediterranean Europe with description of a new genus, Sarmarutilus, and a new species, Rutilus stoumboudae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)|journal=Zootaxa |volume=3841 |issue=3|pages= 379–402|doi= 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.3.4 }}

Etymology

Rutilus was chosen as the genus name by tautonymy with Cyprinus rutilus, rutilus means red, golden red and reddish yellow and is an allusion to the red colour of the fins.{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/leuciscinae/ |title=Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamily LEUCISCINAE Bonaparte 1835 (European Minnows)|author=Christopher Scharpf |date=8 April 2024 |access-date=16 April 2025 |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}

Species

Rutilus contains the following valid species:

Characteristics

Rutilus, according to Rafinesque, was characterised by "Vent posterior nearer to the tail. Abdominal fins with nine rays. Mouth large and with lips. Scales large."{{cite journal |author=Rafinesque, C. S. |year=1820 |title=Fishes of the Ohio River |journal=Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science |location=Lexington, KY |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=235-242}} The smallest species in the genus is R. atropatenus with a maximum total length of {{cvt|9.5|cm}},{{FishBase genus|genus=Pseudophoxinus|month=February|year=2025}} while the largest are R. frisii and R. meidingeri with a maximum total length of {{cvt|70|cm}}.{{FishBase genus|genus=Rutilus|month=February|year=2025}}

Distribution

Rutilus is a widely distributed genus of leuciscids and fishes from this genus are found from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia.{{cite journal |author=B. A. Levin |author2=E. P. Simonov |author3=O. A. Ermakov |author4=M. A. Levina |author5=E. A. Interesova |author6=O. M. Kovalchuk |author7=Y. A. Malinina |author8=N. S. Mamilov |author9=N. J. Mustafayev |author10=D. V. Pilin |author11=I. V. Pozdeev |author12=N. I. Prostakov |author13=H. R. Roubenyan |author14=S. V. Titov |author15=D. A. Vekhov |display-authors=3 |year=2016 |title=Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus Rutilus (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis |journal=Hydrobiologia |volume=788 |issue=1 |pages=33-46 |doi=10.1007/s10750-016-2984-3}}

References

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Category:Leuciscinae

Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

{{Leuciscinae-stub}}