Rypin

File:Rypin-kosciol.sw.Trojcy.JPG Holy Trinity church]]

Rypin was founded in the Middle Ages, and was part of Poland since the establishment of the state in the 10th century. From the 11th century it was the seat of a local castellany, and from the 14th century it was a county seat. It was granted town rights in the early 14th century, and afterwards it was a royal town of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Dobrzyń Land in the Inowrocław Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. In the early 14th century, local dukes of the Polish Piast dynasty founded a hospital in Rypin to commemorate their deceased father Duke Siemowit of Dobrzyń.{{cite book|author= |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XV cz.2|year=1902|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=566}} In 1352, the hospital was granted various privileges by Duke Władysław the Hunchback. Rypin was located on a trade route connecting Toruń with Brześć.{{cite magazine|last=Bartoszewicz|first=Henryk|year=1994|title=Drogi handlowe ziemi dobrzyńskiej w XV–XVI w.|magazine=Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Wydawnictwo DiG|volume=IV|page=167|issn=0860-1054}} The 1st Polish National Cavalry Brigade was stationed in the town.{{cite book|last=Gembarzewski|first=Bronisław|title=Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831|year=1925|language=pl|publisher=Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej|location=Warszawa|page=7}}

Following the Second Partition of Poland (1793), the town was annexed by Kingdom of Prussia. In 1807, it passed to the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and after its dissolution in 1815, it became part of the Russian Partition of Poland. During the January Uprising, Polish insurgents captured the town on February 4, 1863.{{cite book|last=Zieliński|first=Stanisław|title=Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu|year=1913|language=pl|publisher=Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu|location=Rapperswil|page=225}} Following World War I, Poland regained independence and control of Rypin. During the Polish–Soviet War, Rypin was occupied by Russians on 14 August 1920, and liberated by Poles on 20 August 1920.

{{See also|House of Torment}}File:Rypin, Muzeum Ziemi Dobrzyńskiej.jpg and Gestapo during the German occupation, place of imprisonment, torture and execution of many local Poles, now a museum]]

During the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was invaded and then occupied by Germany until 1945. The Polish population was subjected to an extensive genocidal campaign. In September 1939, a German police prison was established in the town, and in October 1939, the German police and Selbstschutz carried out mass arrests of local Poles.{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|pages=171, 173}} Hundreds of arrested Poles were interrogated and then murdered on the spot and buried in nearby Skrwilno, during the German-perpetrated Intelligenzaktion.Wardzyńska (2009), p. 173 Among the victims were 96 Polish teachers and school principals from the town and county. Many local Poles were also murdered during large massacres carried out by the Germans in Skrwilno in October and November 1939.Wardzyńska (2009), p. 174 In 1944 the occupiers burned the victims' bodies in attempt to cover up the crime committed in Skrwilno. Poles were also murdered in other places in Rypin, and around 200 Poles from the town and county were massacred in the nearby village of Rusinowo.Wardzyńska (2009), p. 175 In 1939–1942, the Germans also expelled over 5,100 Poles from the town.{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2017|title=Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|pages=60, 76, 103, 124|isbn=978-83-8098-174-4}} Most of the expelled Poles were imprisoned in a transit camp in Toruń and then deported to the General Government in the more-eastern part of German-occupied Poland, as their houses were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.Wardzyńska (2017), p. 76, 103 According to a Gestapo document from 1942, many remaining Poles fled from Rypin trying to avoid signing to the Deutsche Volksliste, however, many Poles eventually signed under the threat of deportation to German concentration camps.Wardzyńska (2017), p. 114 A transit camp for Poles expelled from nearby villages in 1942 was operated in the town.Wardzyńska (2017), p. 124 Rypin was liberated by the Soviet Army at the end of 1944.

{{Historical populations|1921|7234|1931|8348|2010|16528

|source={{cite book|author=|title=Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego|volume=X|year=1932|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=194}}{{cite book|author=|url=https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|title=Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r.|year=2011|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=52|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152513/https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011}}}}

• Andrzej Fałkowski (born 1959), Polish army officer
• Chaja Goldstein (1908–1999), dancer and singer
• Ivor Mairants (1908–1998), jazz and classical guitarist
• Zbigniew Sosnowski (born 1963), politician
• Jacob Talmon (1916–1980), Professor of Modern History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
• Faustin E. Wirkus (1896–1945), American marine

• Lech Rypin - football club

Rypin, park im. Marszałka J. Piłsudskiego.jpg|Marshal Józef Piłsudski Park with the Piłsudski Monument

Rypin, Galeria Młyn.jpg|Galeria Młyn shopping mall

Rypin, Kościuszki 2, hotel Szczotkowskich.jpg|Art Nouveau architecture

Rypin, Warszawska 40, urząd miejski.jpg|Town hall, local seat of authorities

Near to Rypin is Lake Urszulewo.

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Rypin}}

• [http://www.rypin.info.pl/ Official town webpage]

{{Rypin County}}

{{Gmina Rypin}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Category:Populated riverside places in Poland

Category:Rypin County