S. Nijalingappa

{{More inline|date=March 2023}}{{Infobox officeholder

| name = S. Nijalingappa

| image = Siddavanahalli Nijalingappa stamp (cropped).jpg

| caption =

| imagesize =

| office = 4th Chief Minister of Mysore State

| term_start = 21 June 1962

| term_end = 29 May 1968

| predecessor = S. R. Kanthi

| successor = Veerendra Patil

| term_start1 = 1 November 1956

| term_end1 = 16 May 1958

| predecessor1 = Kadidal Manjappa

| successor1 = B. D. Jatti

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1902|12|10|df=y}}

| birth_place = Halavagalu, Madras Presidency, British India
(now in Vijayanagara district, Karnataka, India)

| death_date = {{Death date and age|2000|08|08|1902|12|10|df=y}}

| death_place = Chitradurga, Karnataka, India

| party = Indian National Congress

| spouse =

| children =

| alma_mater = Central College of Bangalore, ILS Law College

}}

Siddavanahalli Nijalingappa (10 December 1902 – 8 August 2000) was an Indian Congress Party politician, lawyer, and Indian independence activist. He was the fourth Chief Minister of Mysore State (now Karnataka), serving two terms (1956–1958 and 1962–1968). In addition to the Indian independence movement, he played an important role in the Karnataka Unification movement.

Early life and education

Nijalingappa was born on 10 December 1902 to a middle-class family in Haluvagalu, a small village in the Bellary district of the Madras Presidency.{{cite web|title=FACTIONS AND POLITICAL LEADERS|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/95026/13/13_chapter%204.pdf|page=193|access-date=11 March 2018}} His father, a small businessman, died when Nijalingappa was five; his mother was a homemaker. His family were Lingayat Hindus; Nijalingappa's mother was a devout worshipper of Shiva. Nijalingappa later recalled that his "father's ancestors were all rich profligates" and that they "dissipated their wealth on gambling, drinking and womanising." He added that his "mother's father helped [his] parents, but [his family] were still very poor."{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

He grew up in Davanagere and, as a child, was given a traditional education by Veerappa Master, an elder teacher. He joined a formal, western primary school in Davanagere and then a secondary school in Chitradurga in 1919. During this time, he became interested in politics after reading the work of Annie Besant.{{cite web|last1=Riti|first1=M. D.|title=A politician who rose above politics|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/aug/09nij.htm|work=Rediff.com|access-date=11 March 2018}} In 1924, he graduated in the Arts from the Central College Bengaluru, and he got his law degree from the Indian Law Society's Law College in Pune in 1926.

Like many other leaders of the Indian freedom movement, he received a blend of both traditional Indian-style and Western-style education. He was influenced by the ideologies of Mahatma Gandhi and Rajendra Prasad, and began to take an active part in the freedom movement in his native Karnataka.

Political career

Nijalingappa attended Indian National Congress sessions as a spectator. In 1936, when he came into contact with N. S. Hardikar, he took an active interest in the organization. He served first as a volunteer, later becoming president of the Pradesh Congress Committee, and then, in 1968, president of the All India Congress Committee.

He became president of the Mysore Congress and was also a member of the historic Constituent Assembly, from 1946 to 1950. In 1952, he was elected to the First Lok Sabha from the Chitradurga constituency (now Chitradurga), then in Mysore state.

In recognition of his service towards the unification of Karnataka, Nijalingappa was chosen as the first Chief Minister of the unified state. He was re-elected to the same post and continued in that position until April 1968. In Karnataka, he worked on the development of agricultural, irrigation, industrial, and transport projects.{{cite web |title=NIJALINGAPPA – ARCHITECT OF KARNATAKA |url=http://www.presidentvenkataraman.in/images/pdf/inside_indian_polity_pdf/26-Nijalingappa_Architecht%20_Karnataka.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223218/http://www.presidentvenkataraman.in/images/pdf/inside_indian_polity_pdf/26-Nijalingappa_Architecht%20_Karnataka.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03 |publisher=presidentvenkatraman.in}}

When people expressed their distrust in the party in the 1967 elections, Nijalingappa became Congress President. He chaired two Congress sessions in 1968 and 1969 in Hyderabad and Faridabad, respectively. During this time, the factional feud within the party increased and finally resulted in the historic split of the party in 1969.{{cite book|title=Split in a Predominant Party: The Indian National Congress in 1969|isbn = 9788170171409|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOQRWuMXyRMC&q=nijalingappa+kamaraj&pg=PA92|last1 = Singh|first1 = Mahendra Prasad|year = 1981| publisher=Abhinav Publications }}{{Cite news|date=2019-11-13|title=From the Archives (November 13, 1969): Prime Minister expelled from Congress|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archives/from-the-archives-november-13-1969-prime-minister-expelled-from-congress/article29954895.ece|access-date=2020-07-04|issn=0971-751X}} He was the last president of an undivided Indian National Congress, as the party was then divided into Congress (Organization), which consisted of senior leaders like Nijalingappa, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, K. Kamaraj, and Morarji Desai; and Congress (R), which supported Indira Gandhi.{{cite web|title=Split in the Congress|url=http://indiansaga.com/history/postindependence/split_congress.html|publisher=Indiansaga}}

After the Congress split, Nijalingappa gradually retired from politics. He later served as chairman of the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Society.

= Posts held =

1936–1940: president of Chitaldroog District Congress Committee
1937–1938: member of the Mysore Legislative Council
1938–1950: member of the Mysore Congress Working Committee
1942–1945: general secretary of the Mysore Pradesh Congress Committee (PCC)
1945–1946: president of the Mysore PCC
1946: president of the Karnataka PCC
member of the Constituent Assembly of India and Provisional Parliament
1948–1950: member and president of the Constituent Assembly of Mysore
1949: member of the Congress Working Committee
member of the Gopal Rao Enquiry Committee, Government of Mysore

Death and legacy

File:Snijalingappa.jpg|187x187px]]Nijalingappa died on 9 August 2000 at his residence in Chitradurga at the age of 97.{{cite news|title=Nijalingappa dead|url=http://hindu.com/2000/08/09/stories/0109000d.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125042636/http://hindu.com/2000/08/09/stories/0109000d.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 August 2000}}

In 1963, Nijalingappa as Chief Minister, decided to establish UAS along the lines of Land Grant College system of USA and passed the University of Agricultural Sciences Bill (Act No. 22). He granted 1300 acres to Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra Campus.{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://uasbangalore.edu.in/index.php/about-us-home-en/history-en |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=uasbangalore.edu.in}}

Nijalingappa was widely revered, even after his retirement, and was known for his simplicity and integrity.{{cite news |date=6 November 2012 |title=Wearing simplicity on the sleeve |newspaper=Deccan Herald |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/24839/wearing-simplicity-sleeve.html}} He is remembered fondly by the Tibetan community of India because as Chief Minister of Karnataka he gave land to Tibetan refugees for the purpose of resettlement. Now, Karnataka has the largest Tibetan settlements and the largest population in exile, with the four Tibetan settlements of Bylakuppe, Mundgod, Kollegal, and Gurupura (near Bylakuppe) in Karnataka.{{cite web|date=January 31, 2011|title=His Holiness the Dalai Lama Remembers Former Chief Minister Nijalingappa|url=http://tibet.net/2011/01/31/his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-remembers-former-chief-minister-nijalingappa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321124003/https://tibet.net/2011/01/31/his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-remembers-former-chief-minister-nijalingappa/|archive-date=2013-03-21|publisher=Central Tibetan Administration}}

In 2003, a stamp honouring Nijalingappa was issued.{{Cite web |last=Ainy |date=2016-06-01 |title=S. Nijalingappa |url=https://istampgallery.com/s-nijalingappa/ |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=iStampGallery |language=en-US}} A memorial of Nijalingappa was built beside NH-4 on the outskirts of Chitradurga; it was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama on 29 January 2011.{{cite news |date=29 January 2011 |title=S. Nijalingappa memorial to be dedicated to the nation today |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/29/stories/2011012951090300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204035723/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/29/stories/2011012951090300.htm |archive-date=4 February 2011}} Karnataka chief minister B. S. Yeddyurappa declared that he would name the sugar research institute in Belgaum after Nijalingappa.{{cite news |date=28 August 2010 |title=Sugar institute named after Nijalingappa |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article599388.ece}}

References

External links

[https://www.inc.in/leadership/past-party-president/s-nijalingappa Biography]{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at Indian National Congress website

{{succession box|

before=Kadidal Manjappa|

title=Chief Minister of Karnataka|

years=1 November 1956 to 16 May 1958|

after=B. D. Jatti

}}

{{succession box|

before=S. R. Kanthi|

title=Chief Minister of Karnataka|

years=21 June 1962 to 29 May 1968|

after=Veerendra Patil

}}