SEC16B

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}

Protein transport protein Sec16B also known as regucalcin gene promoter region-related protein p117 (RGPR-p117) and leucine zipper transcription regulator 2 (LZTR2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC16B gene.{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XXI. The complete sequences of 60 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins | journal = DNA Research | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 179–87 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11572484 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/8.4.179 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Misawa H, Yamaguchi M | title = Molecular cloning and sequencing of the cDNA coding for a novel regucalcin gene promoter region-related protein in rat, mouse and human liver | journal = International Journal of Molecular Medicine | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 513–20 | date = November 2001 | pmid = 11605020 | doi = 10.3892/ijmm.8.5.513 }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LZTR2 leucine zipper transcription regulator 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=89866}}

Discovery

RGPR-p117, which was named as a regucalcin gene promoter region-related protein, was originally discovered as a novel transcription factor that specifically binds to a nuclear factor I (NFI) consensus motif TTGGC(N)6CC that is located on the 5’-flanking region of the regucalcin gene (rgn) in 2001.{{cite journal | vauthors = Misawa H, Yamaguchi M | title = Gene expression for a novel protein RGPR-p117 in various species: the stimulation by intracellular signaling factors | journal = Journal of Cellular Biochemistry | volume = 87 | issue = 2 | pages = 188–93 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12244571 | doi = 10.1002/jcb.10289 | s2cid = 24842581 }} This gene is a highly conserved a leucine zipper motif, and it was also named as the leucine zipper transcription regulator 2 (LZTR2). In 2007, RGPR-p117 was also renamed as Sec16 homologue B (SEC16B), an endoplasmic reticulum export factor.{{cite journal | vauthors = Bhattacharyya D, Glick BS | title = Two mammalian Sec16 homologues have nonredundant functions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export and transitional ER organization | journal = Molecular Biology of the Cell | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 839–49 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17192411 | pmc = 1805085 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.E06-08-0707 }}

Gene

The gene consists of 26 exons spanning approximately 4.1 kbp and is localized on human chromosome 1q25.2. This gene expression is stimulated through various signaling factors in cells.{{cite journal | vauthors = Sawada N, Nakagawa T, Murata T, Yamaguchi M | title = Nuclear localization of a novel protein, RGPR-p117, in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells | journal = International Journal of Molecular Medicine | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 809–14 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16211248 | doi = 10.3892/ijmm.16.5.809 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Sawada N, Yamaguchi M | title = Overexpression of RGPR-p117 enhances regucalcin gene expression in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells | journal = International Journal of Molecular Medicine | volume = 16 | issue = 6 | pages = 1049–55 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16273285 | doi = 10.3892/ijmm.16.6.1049 }} RGPR-p117 is present in the plasma membranes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, microsomes and nucleus of the cells. Cytoplasm RGPR-p117 is translocated to nucleus. Phosphorylated RGPR-p117 specifically binds to the TTGGC motif in the promoter region of various genes to enhance the gene expression of various proteins, and plays a crucial role as a transcription factor in the cells.{{cite journal | vauthors = Yamaguchi M, Tomono S, Nakagawa T | title = Overexpression of RGPR-p117 suppresses apoptotic cell death and its related gene expression in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells | journal = International Journal of Molecular Medicine | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 565–71 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17786289 | doi = 10.3892/ijmm.20.4.565 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Yamaguchi M | title = Novel protein RGPR-p117: its role as the regucalcin gene transcription factor | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry | volume = 327 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 53–63 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19214710 | doi = 10.1007/s11010-009-0042-4 | s2cid = 21241773 }}

Function

In the role in the regulation of cell regulation, RGPR-p117 possesses protective effects on apoptotic cell death induced by various signaling factors. Overexpression of RGPR-p117 did not cause an alteration of cell proliferation and led to significant decreases in protein and DNA contents in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells.{{cite journal | vauthors = Tomono S, Sawada N, Yamaguchi M | title = Overexpression of RGPR-p117 induces the decrease in protein and DNA contents in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells | journal = International Journal of Molecular Medicine | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 79–83 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17549392 | doi = 10.3892/ijmm.20.1.79 | doi-access = free }} It also plays a role as an endoplasmic reticulum export factor to deliver to newly synthesized proteins and lipids to the Golgi.{{cite journal | vauthors = Budnik A, Heesom KJ, Stephens DJ | title = Characterization of human Sec16B: indications of specialized, non-redundant functions | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 1 | pages = 77 | year = 2011 | pmid = 22355596 | pmc = 3216564 | doi = 10.1038/srep00077 | bibcode = 2011NatSR...1E..77B }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Yonekawa S, Furuno A, Baba T, Fujiki Y, Ogasawara Y, Yamamoto A, Tagaya M, Tani K | title = Sec16B is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum export of the peroxisomal membrane biogenesis factor peroxin 16 (Pex16) in mammalian cells | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 108 | issue = 31 | pages = 12746–51 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 21768384 | pmc = 3150892 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1103283108 | bibcode = 2011PNAS..10812746Y | doi-access = free }} RGPR-p117/SEC16B may be involved in human obesity to possess an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and different measures of obesity.{{cite journal | vauthors = Albuquerque D, Nóbrega C, Rodríguez-López R, Manco L | title = Association study of common polymorphisms in MSRA, TFAP2B, MC4R, NRXN3, PPARGC1A, TMEM18, SEC16B, HOXB5 and OLFM4 genes with obesity-related traits among Portuguese children | journal = Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 59 | issue = 6 | pages = 307–13 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24670271 | doi = 10.1038/jhg.2014.23 | hdl = 10316/45642 | s2cid = 2681209 | url = https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/45642/1/cias2014_2.pdf | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Lv D, Zhang DD, Wang H, Zhang Y, Liang L, Fu JF, Xiong F, Liu GL, Gong CX, Luo FH, Chen SK, Li ZL, Zhu YM | title = Genetic variations in SEC16B, MC4R, MAP2K5 and KCTD15 were associated with childhood obesity and interacted with dietary behaviors in Chinese school-age population | journal = Gene | volume = 560 | issue = 2 | pages = 149–55 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25637721 | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.054 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Yamasguchi M, Murata T | title = Involvement of regucalcin gene promoter region-related protein-117, a transcription factor, in human obesity (Review) | journal = Biomedical Reports | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 374–378 | date = April 2017 | pmid = 28413634 | doi = 10.3892/br.2017.874 | pmc=5374946}}

SEC16B

Discovery

Gene

Function

References

Further reading