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SM U-86

{{Short description|German submarine during World War I}}

{{Other ships|German submarine U-86}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}

{{Infobox ship begin|infobox caption=yes}}

{{Infobox ship image

|Ship image=SM U 86 at sea.jpg

|Ship caption=

}}

{{Infobox ship career

|Hide header=

|Ship country=German Empire

|Ship flag={{Shipboxflag|German Empire|naval}}

|Ship name=U-86

|Ship ordered=23 June 1915

|Ship builder=Germaniawerft, Kiel

|Ship yard number= 256

|Ship laid down=5 November 1915

|Ship launched= 7 November 1916

|Ship commissioned=30 November 1916

|Ship fate=Surrendered 20 November 1918; scuttled in the English Channel 1921.

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

|Hide header=

|Header caption={{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=12–14}}

|Ship class=

|Ship displacement=

  • {{convert|808|t|LT|abbr=on|lk=on}} surfaced
  • {{convert|946|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged

|Ship length=

  • {{convert|70.06|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (o/a)
  • {{convert|55.55|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (pressure hull)

|Ship beam=

  • {{convert|6.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (oa)
  • {{convert|4.15|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (pressure hull)

|Ship height={{convert|8.00|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

|Ship draught={{convert|4.02|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

|Ship power=

  • 2 × {{convert|2400|PS|kW shp|abbr=on|lk=on|0}} surfaced
  • 2 × {{convert|1200|PS|kW shp|abbr=on|0}} submerged

|Ship propulsion=

  • 2 shafts
  • 2 × {{convert|1.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}} propellers

|Ship speed=

  • {{convert|16.8|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
  • {{convert|9.1|kn}} submerged

|Ship range=

  • {{convert|11220|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|8|kn}} surfaced
  • {{convert|56|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|5|kn}} submerged

|Ship test depth={{convert|50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

|Ship complement=4 officers, 31 enlisted

|Ship armament=

|Ship notes=

}}

{{Infobox service record

|is_ship=yes

|label=

|partof=

  • IV Flotilla
  • 21 February 1917 – 11 November 1918

|commanders=

  • Kptlt. Friedrich Crüsemann{{cite Uboat.net

|id=47

|name=Friedrich Crüsemann

|type=1comm

|accessdate=7 December 2014

}}

  • 30 November 1916 – 22 June 1917
  • Kptlt. Alfred Götze{{cite Uboat.net

|id=96

|name=Alfred Götze

|type=1comm

|accessdate=7 December 2014

}}

  • 23 June 1917 – 25 January 1918
  • Oblt.z.S. Helmut Patzig{{cite Uboat.net

|id=237

|name=Helmut Patzig

|type=1comm

|accessdate=7 December 2014

}}

  • 26 January – 11 November 1918{{cite Uboat.net

|id=86

|name=U 86

|type=1sub

|accessdate=7 December 2014

}}

|operations=12 patrols

|victories=

  • 31 merchant ships sunk
    ({{GRT|89,821}})
  • 2 auxiliary warships sunk
    ({{GRT|27,762}})
  • 1 auxiliary warship damaged
    ({{GRT|163}})

}}

SM U-86 was a Type U 81 submarine manufactured in the Germaniawerft, Kiel shipyard for the German Empire during World War I.

On 27 June 1918, under the command of Lieutenant Helmut Patzig, U-86 sank the Canadian hospital ship {{HMHS|Llandovery Castle}} off the coast of Ireland, in violation of international law and standing orders of the Imperial German Navy. When the crew took to the lifeboats, U-86 surfaced, ran down all the lifeboats except one, and shot at the people in the water. Only the 24 people in the remaining lifeboat survived. They were rescued shortly afterwards and testified as to what had happened. The 234 others on board Llandovery Castle were lost, including fourteen nursing sisters.[http://www.red-duster.co.uk/UNION16.htm Llandovery Castle at red-duster.co.uk] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030145541/http://www.red-duster.co.uk/UNION16.htm |date=30 October 2013 }}

{{USS|Covington|ID-1409|6}},{{cite Uboat.net

|id=1476

|name=USS Covington (ID-1409)

|type=1ship

|accessdate=7 December 2014

}} the former Hamburg America ocean liner SS Cincinnati, was torpedoed by U-86 on 1 July 1918 and sank the next day.{{cite DANFS |title=Covington |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/c14/covington-ii.htm|accessdate= 2008-05-08 }} Covington was the 17th largest ship sunk or damaged by U-boats during the war.

File:Victory bonds (Llandovery Castle).jpg poster used U-86{{'}}s sinking of {{ship|HMHS|Llandovery Castle||2}} as a focal point for selling Victory Bonds.]]

After the war, the captain of U-86 Helmut Patzig, and two of his lieutenants were arraigned for trial on war crimes, but Patzig fled to the Free City of Danzig, and his trial was stopped on 20 March 1931 by virtue of the Laws of Amnesty. Lieutenants Ludwig Dithmar and Johan Boldt were convicted and sentenced to four years in prison; they were released after four months.

Design

Type U 81 submarines were preceded by the shorter Type UE I submarines. U-86 had a displacement of {{convert|808|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|946|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=12–14}} She had a total length of {{convert|70.06|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|55.55|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|8|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.02|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two {{convert|2400|PS|kW shp}} engines for use while surfaced, and two {{convert|1200|PS|kW shp}} engines for use while submerged. She had two propeller shafts. She was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|50|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=12–14}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|16.8|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|9.1|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=12–14}} When submerged, she could operate for {{convert|56|nmi}} at {{convert|5|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|11220|nmi}} at {{convert|8|kn}}. U-86 was fitted with six {{convert|50|cm}} torpedo tubes (four at the bow and two at the stern), twelve to sixteen torpedoes, and one 10.5 cm SK L/45 naval gun deck gun (from 1917). She had a complement of thirty-five (thirty-one crew members and four officers).{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=12–14}}

Fate

U-86 was surrendered to the Allies at Harwich on 21 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany. Exhibited at Bristol in December 1918, along with UC-92, visitors could pay to go on board with proceeds going to charity. She was then laid up at Portsmouth until scuttled in the English Channel on 30 June 1921.{{cite book|last1=Dodson|first1=Aidan|title=Spoils of War: the fate of enemy fleets after the two World Wars|last2=Cant|first2=Serena|date=2020|publisher=Seaforth|isbn=978-1-5267-4198-1|location=Barnsley|pages=20, 21, 51, 54, 101, 124}}

File:U86 coming into Bristol.jpg

File:Uboats U-86 and UC-92 on exhibtion in Bristol. 1918.jpg

Summary of raiding history

class="wikitable sortable"
width="140px"|Date

! width="160px"|Name

! width="180px"|Nationality

! width="25px" |TonnageMerchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement.

! width="120px"|Fate{{cite Uboat.net

|id=u86

|name=U 86

|type=1boat

|accessdate=7 December 2014

}}

align="right"|23 March 1917

|align="left" |Queenborough

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|165

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|5 April 1917

|align="left" |Dunkerquoise

|align="left" |{{flag|France}}

|align="right"|127

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|5 April 1917

|align="left" |Marie Celine

|align="left" |{{flag|France}}

|align="right"|142

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|5 April 1917

|align="left" |Siberier

|align="left" |{{flag|Belgium}}

|align="right"|2,968

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|6 April 1917

|align="left" |Rosalind

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|6,535

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|18 April 1917

|align="left" |Atalanta

|align="left" |{{flag|Sweden}}

|align="right"|1,091

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|28 May 1917

|align="left" |Antinoe

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|2,396

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|28 May 1917

|align="left" |Limerick

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|6,827

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|29 May 1917

|align="left" |Oswego

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|5,793

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|31 May 1917

|align="left" |N. Hadzikyriakos

|align="left" |{{flag|Greece|old}}

|align="right"|3,533

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|2 July 1917

|align="left" |Bessie

|align="left" |{{flag|Sweden}}

|align="right"|66

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|10 August 1917

|align="left" |Capella I

|align="left" |{{flag|Norway}}

|align="right"|3,990

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|13 August 1917

|align="left" |Turakina

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|9,920

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|15 December 1917

|align="left" |Baron Leopold Davilliers

|align="left" |{{Navy|France}}

|align="right"|163

|align="left" |Damaged

align="right"|20 December 1917

|align="left" |Polvarth

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|3,146

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|14 February 1918

|align="left" |Bessie Stephens

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|119

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|17 February 1918

|align="left" |Pinewood

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|2,219

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|19 February 1918

|align="left" |Wheatflower

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|188

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|20 February 1918

|align="left" |Djerv

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|1,527

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|23 February 1918

|align="left" |Ulabrand

|align="left" |{{flag|Norway}}

|align="right"|2,011

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|30 April 1918

|align="left" |Kafue

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|6,044

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|30 April 1918

|align="left" |Kempock

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|255

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|2 May 1918

|align="left" |Medora

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|5,135

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|5 May 1918

|align="left" |Tommi

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|government}}

|align="right"|138

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|6 May 1918

|align="left" |Leeds City

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|4,298

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|11 May 1918

|align="left" |San Andres

|align="left" |{{flag|Norway}}

|align="right"|1,656

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|12 May 1918

|align="left" |Inniscarra

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|1,412

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|16 May 1918

|align="left" |Tartary

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|4,181

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|22 May 1918

|align="left" |Meran

|align="left" |{{flag|Norway}}

|align="right"|656

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|21 June 1918

|align="left" |Eglantine

|align="left" |{{flag|Norway}}

|align="right"|339

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|26 June 1918

|align="left" |Atlantian

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|9,399

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|27 June 1918

|align="left" |{{HMHS|Llandovery Castle

2}}

|align="left" |{{navy|Canada|1868}}

|align="right"|11,423

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|1 July 1918

|align="left" |{{USS|Covington|ID-1409|6}}

|align="left" |{{navy|United States|1912}}

|align="right"|16,339

|align="left" |Sunk

align="right"|1 July 1918

|align="left" |Origen

|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

|align="right"|3,545

|align="left" |Sunk

References

=Notes=

{{Reflist|group=Note}}

=Citations=

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book

|last1=Gröner

|first1=Erich

|last2=Jung

|first2=Dieter

|last3=Maass

|first3=Martin

|translator-last1=Thomas

|translator-first1=Keith

|translator-last2=Magowan

|translator-first2=Rachel

|year=1991

|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels

|volume=2

|series=German Warships 1815–1945

|location=London

|publisher=Conway Maritime Press

|isbn=0-85177-593-4

|ref=CITEREFGröner1991

}}

External links

  • [http://www.canadiangreatwarproject.com/writing/llandoveryCastle.asp#ns Canadian report on loss of Llandovery Castle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117122349/http://www.canadiangreatwarproject.com/writing/llandoveryCastle.asp#ns |date=17 November 2015 }}

{{German Type U 81 submarines}}

{{1921 shipwrecks}}

{{coord|50|0|26.628|N|0|0|33.954|W|display=title|}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:U0086}}

Category:World War I submarines of Germany

Category:German Type U 81 submarines

Category:1916 ships

Category:Ships built in Kiel

Category:U-boats commissioned in 1916

Category:Shipwrecks in the English Channel

Category:Maritime incidents in 1921