SOGIN

Following the 1987 referendums on nuclear power, the Italian government was required to decommission the country's remaining nuclear plants.{{cite journal |last=Graf von Hardenberg |first=Wilko |title=Nuclear Power, No Thanks! The Aftermath of Chernobyl in Italy and the Nuclear Power Referendum of 1987 |journal=Environment & Society Portal, Arcadia |year=2011 |volume=3 |publisher=Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society |url=http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/2649 |access-date=15 May 2016}} SOGIN was conceived as the company to undertake this work.{{sfn|Rappazzo|2011|page=307}} SOGIN was created on 1 November 1999 and took ownership of the closed Caorso, Enrico Fermi, Garigliano, Latina nuclear power plants from the state-owned electricity company, ENEL. Initially, SOGIN was created as a part of the ENEL group, but, following the passing of Legislative Decree no. 79, the so-called Bersani decree of 16 March 1999, which marked the beginning of the liberalization of the Italian electricity sector, it was decided to split the group.{{sfn|Cotana|2009|page=12}} On 3 November 2000, the SOGIN shares were transferred to the Ministry of Economy and Finance.{{sfn|Bolla|2003|page=107}} In 2003, SOGIN also took responsibility decommissioning ENEA sites like EUREX, the OPEC research reactors in Cesano, and the ITREC plant in Rotondella.{{sfn|Rappazzo|2011|page=307}}{{sfn|Laraia|2019|page=120}}

On 16 September 2004 SOGIN became a corporate group with the acquisition of 60% of the shares in Nucleco SpA (the remaining 40% being owned by ENEA). In 2005, SOGIN acquired the nuclear enrichment plant at Bosco Marengo,{{cite web | url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/WR_First_nuclear_decommissioning_authorization_in_Italy_1212081.html | title=First decommissioning authorization in Italy | author= | date=12 December 2008 | website=World Nuclear News | publisher=World Nuclear Association | access-date=16 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183555/http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/WR_First_nuclear_decommissioning_authorization_in_Italy_1212081.html | archive-date=3 March 2016}} and, in 2012, the company started a three-year programme to decontaminate the boxes that had been used to store plutonium-contaminated gloves up to 1986.{{cite web | url=http://www.corriere.it/foto_del_giorno/scienze/12_dicembre_05/guanti_a14b4ad0-3ebc-11e2-b5b1-5f0211149faf.shtml | title= Esplora il significato del termine: Smantellata la "scatola a guanti" | trans-title=Explore the Meaning of the Term: Dismantled the "Glove Box" | author= | date=12 December 2012 | website=Corriere della Sera | publisher=RCS Media Group | access-date=16 May 2016 | language=IT}} SOGIN launched the Observatory for the Closure of the Nuclear Cycle ({{lang|it|Osservatorio per la Chiusura del Ciclo Nucleare}}) with the Fondazione per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile (Foundation for Sustainable Development) in 2014 as an independent monitor of the social, environmental and technical aspects of nuclear sites.{{cite web | first=Claudio | last=Schirru | title=Nasce Osservatorio per i rifiuti nucleari: 90.000 metri cubi in Italia | trans-title=A Monitor for Nuclear Waste is Born: 90,000 Cubic Metres in Italy | date=21 March 2014 | website=Greenstyle | url=https://www.greenstyle.it/nasce-osservatorio-per-i-rifiuti-nucleari-90000-metri-cubi-in-italia-79195.html | access-date=28 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701050953/http://www.greenstyle.it/nasce-osservatorio-per-i-rifiuti-nucleari-90000-metri-cubi-in-italia-79195.html | archive-date=1 July 2014 | language=IT}} SOGIN was originally tasked to completely decommission the Italian nuclear plants by 2019, but it is likely to be 2036 before the task is complete.{{cite web|last=Rizo|first=Sergio|title=Il caso Sogin, 8 miliardi a spese degli italiani per smaltire le scorie nucleari|trans-title=The Sogin Case: 8 billion at the Expense of the Italian Taxpayer to Dispose of Nuclear Waste|website=La Repubblica|date=29 July 2020|url=https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2020/07/29/news/buco_nero_sogin-263147884/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122230201/https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2020/07/29/news/buco_nero_sogin-263147884/|archive-date=22 January 2021|language=IT}}

SOGIN is responsible for decommissioning four nuclear power plants, located in Caorso, Garigliano, Latina and Trino, as well as the operations in Bosco Marengo, Casaccia, Rotondella and Saluggia. The process, agreed in 2001, involves the systematic decontamination and deconstruction of the site with the aim that the area can be returned to normal use.{{sfn|Di Nucci|2009|page=291}} Work initially starts with a pre-decommissioning stage, carried out under a protective storage license, where the plant stops operation but is no action is taken to dismantle the plant. When SOGIN took responsibility for Garigliano, the plant, which had not operated since 1982, was nearing completion of this stage.{{sfn|Laraia|2017|page=12}} The seven sites under SOGIN's control have all gone through this stage in the process.{{cite web|last=Marino|first=Georgia|title=The world's nuclear fleet is aging — how do you recycle a nuclear power plant?|website=Renewable Matter|date=22 February 2021|url=https://www.renewablematter.eu/articles/article/how-to-recycle-a-nuclear-power-plant|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301183922/https://www.renewablematter.eu/articles/article/how-to-recycle-a-nuclear-power-plant|archive-date=1 March 2021|access-date=1 June 2021}}

After SOGIN has completed this task, the site is decontaminated and deconstructed. As well as radioactive material, other hazardous wastes need to be carefully handled, including asbestos insulation. This can take a long time; for example, at Garigliano, the removal of asbestos from the turbine building was complete by 2007 and yet the full decontamination of the reactor building was not complete until 2010. Only once it has been decontaminated can material safely be removed.{{sfn|Laraia|2017|page=12}} Once this stage is complete, SOGIN requests a government license to dismantle the whole site.{{sfn|Di Nucci|2009|page=292}} Full decommissioning then follows, including the removal of all buildings, and the ground is decontaminated.{{sfn|Di Nucci|2009|page=291}} In all, over one million tonnes of material is expected to be recovered from the decommissioning process, of which 95% is non-radioactive.

This process can take decades, with estimates for the total decommissioning time varying from 27 years for Garigliano to 32 years for Caorso and Trino. Costs are similarly high, with the total bill for Garigliano expected to reach $432.4 million by the time the site is handed over.{{sfn|Cha|Yoon|Park|2021|page=101}} The fuel enrichment site at Bosco Marengo was the first to start decommissioning. The process started in 2008 and was completed on 31 December 2021.{{cite web|first=Giampiero|last=Carbone|title=Bosco Marengo: l'ex Fn disattivata. In arrivo la Carta nazionale delle aree idonee al deposito nucleare|trans-title=Bosco Marengo: the former Fn deactivated. The National Charter of areas suitable for nuclear storage is on the way|website=Giornale7|url=https://www.giornale7.it/bosco-marengo-lex-fn-disattivata-in-arrivo-la-carta-nazionale-delle-aree-idonee-al-deposito-nucleare/|date=5 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308041735/https://www.giornale7.it/bosco-marengo-lex-fn-disattivata-in-arrivo-la-carta-nazionale-delle-aree-idonee-al-deposito-nucleare/|archive-date=8 March 2022|language=IT}} The first nuclear power plant to gain permission to start full decommissioning was at Trino, the decrees being granted a decree by the Ministry of Economic Development on 2 August 2012.{{cite web | url=http://www.mise.gov.it/index.php/it/?option=com_content&view=article&idmenu=452&idarea1=531&andor=AND&idarea2=0§ionid=4,7&showMenu=1&showCat=1&idarea3=0&idarea4=0&andorcat=AND&partebassaType=0&idareaCalendario1=0&MvediT=1&showArchiveNewsBotton=0&id=2024251&viewType=0%20Decreto%20di%20disattivazione%20della%20centrale%20nucleare%20di%20Trino | title=Decreto dirigenziale 2 agosto 2012 - Disattivazione della Centrale Nucleare "Enrico Fermi" | trans-title=Executive Decree 2 August 2012 - Decommissioning of the "Enrico Fermi" Nuclear Power Plant | author= | date=2 August 2012 | website=MISE | publisher=Minstero dello Sviluppo Economico | access-date=12 May 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604123907/http://www.mise.gov.it/index.php/it/?option=com_content&view=article&idmenu=452&idarea1=531&andor=AND&idarea2=0§ionid=4,7&showMenu=1&showCat=1&idarea3=0&idarea4=0&andorcat=AND&partebassaType=0&idareaCalendario1=0&MvediT=1&showArchiveNewsBotton=0&id=2024251&viewType=0%20Decreto%20di%20disattivazione%20della%20centrale%20nucleare%20di%20Trino | archive-date=4 June 2016 | language=IT}} This was followed by a decree authorising the decommissioning of Garigliano on 26 September.{{cite web | url=http://www.mise.gov.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&idarea1=0&idarea2=0&idarea3=0&idarea4=0&andor=AND§ionid=0&andorcat=AND&partebassaType=0&idareaCalendario1=0&MvediT=1&showMenu=1&showCat=1&showArchiveNewsBotton=0&idmenu=2357&id=2024591&viewType=0 | title=Decreto dirigenziale 28 settembre 2012 - Disattivazione della Centrale Nucleare del Garigliano sita in S. Venditto di Sessa Aurunca (CE) | trans-title=Executive decree 28 September 2012 - Decommissioning of the Garigliano Nuclear Power Plant located in S. Venditto di Sessa Aurunca (CE) | author= | date=26 September 2012 | website=MISE | publisher=Minstero dello Sviluppo Economico | access-date=16 May 2016 | language=IT | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325091421/http://www.mise.gov.it/index.php/it/?option=com_content&view=article&idarea1=0&idarea2=0&idarea3=0&idarea4=0&andor=AND§ionid=0&andorcat=AND&partebassaType=0&idareaCalendario1=0&MvediT=1&showMenu=1&showCat=1&showArchiveNewsBotton=0&idmenu=2357&id=2024591&viewType=0 | archive-date=25 March 2016}} Caorso and Latina were granted their licenses in 2014, in January and December respectively.{{sfn|Laraia|2017|page=11}}

In September 2008, a high-level discussion took place within the Italian government about a central repository for all nuclear waste. This led to, in 2010, SOGIN being given the responsibility for finding a surface site to store nuclear waste.{{cite web | url=http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation/Italian-Decree2010.pdf | title= Legislative Decree setting out rules for the siting, construction and operation on the national territory of nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel fabrication facilities, storage systems for spent fuel and radioactive waste, as well as compensatory measures and public information campaigns | author= | date=12 December 2010 | publisher=OECD | access-date=16 May 2016}} SOGIN projected the repository to be a structure with engineering barriers and natural barriers to store approximately {{convert|75000|m3}} of low and intermediate level waste permanently, and {{convert|15000|m3}} of high level waste temporarily. SOGIN predicted that of this, 60% will come from decommissioned plants. The remainder were to come from scientific research, medical and industrial applications, both waste produced to date and that which was estimated to be generated over the next 50 years. The creation of the repository was a critical requisite for SOGIN to achieve its decommissioning deadline.

File:Caorso fuel pool.jpg at Caorso]]

The repository was to be hosted in a technology park that also contained research labs which would bring economic benefits to the community, as well as direct payment of compensation administered by SOGIN.{{sfn|di Nucci|2015|page=315}} Despite this, the search for a repository proved to be difficult. When the first site chosen, the salt mines of Scanzano Jonico, was announced in November 2003, it led to an unprecedented outcry with over 150,000 demonstrating against the decision with residents blocking roads and shutting down businesses. This led directly to the regional council declaring the area a denuclearised zone.{{sfn|di Nucci|2015|page=316}} Subsequent changes in national legislation have been put in place in an attempt to ensure that any future site can only be agreed by the Council of Ministers after review by a panel of scientists.{{sfn|OECD|2004|page=88}} In 2012, the Italian Parliament passed a law that implied that all nuclear waste would be stored in the repository.{{sfn|Ferrazzano|Scarabotti|2012|page=40}} However, continued controversy and the lack of progress finding a site has meant that, instead, waste is mainly stored in untreated form at the nuclear facilities themselves.{{sfn|di Nucci|2015|page=303}} This is also unpopular with neighbouring communities, who fear this will become a permanent solution.{{sfn|Laraia|2017|page=13}}

As a consequence of the difficulty finding a long term solution in the country, waste material has instead been sent abroad, primarily to France and the UK.{{sfn|Bersano et al|2020|page=7}} Initially, up to 2005, shipments were made to BNFL in the UK. in November 2006 the Italian and the French governments agreed to transfer about {{convert|235|tonnes|abbr=out}} of spent fuel to France which led to SOGIN signing a contract with Areva in April 2007. The first shipment under this agreement, of fuel from the Caorso nuclear power plant, was completed in June 2010.{{cite web | url=http://newmdb.iaea.org/profiles.aspx?ByCountry=IT | title= Italy (Italian Republic) | author= | date=2013 | publisher=IAEA | access-date=16 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101082235/http://newmdb.iaea.org/profiles.aspx?ByCountry=IT | archive-date=1 November 2015}} In 2015, SOGIN signed a similar contract with JAVYS (Jadrová a Vyraďovacia Spoločnosť), the Slovak nuclear decommissioning company, to send {{convert|865|tonnes}} of waste to be processed at their site in Jaslovské Bohunice.{{cite news | title=Enviro Ministry greenlights extension of radioactive waste treatment facility in Jaslovské Bohunice | url=https://spectator.sme.sk/c/22645080/enviro-ministry-greenlights-extension-of-radioactive-waste-treatment-facility-in-jaslovske-bohunice.html | author= | date=23 April 2021 | newspaper= The Slovak Spectator | access-date=12 May 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424060624/https://spectator.sme.sk/c/22645080/enviro-ministry-greenlights-extension-of-radioactive-waste-treatment-facility-in-jaslovske-bohunice.html | archive-date=24 April 2021}} SOGIN signed an agreement with the Radioactive Waste Repository Authority (RAWRA) in the Czech republic in 2016 covering the storage of nuclear waste, including collaboration to develop a deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste.{{cite web | url=http://www.surao.cz/eng/ABOUT-SURAO/News/The-Radioactive-Waste-Repository-Authority-signs-a-memorandum-of-mutual-cooperation-with-the-Italian-company-SOGIN | title=The Radioactive Waste Repository Authority signs a memorandum of mutual cooperation with the Italian company SOGIN | author= | date=17 March 2016 | publisher=SÚRAO | access-date=20 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120140437/http://www.surao.cz/eng/ABOUT-SURAO/News/The-Radioactive-Waste-Repository-Authority-signs-a-memorandum-of-mutual-cooperation-with-the-Italian-company-SOGIN | archive-date=20 January 2017}}

As well as its core business of decommissioning Italian nuclear plants, SOGIN undertakes international consultancy in environmental remediation, radioactive waste management and nuclear safety. The company has undertaken projects at Metsamor in Armenia, Belene and Kozloduy in Bulgaria, Dukovany and Temelin in the Czech Republic, Phénix in France, Aktau in Kazakhstan, Ignalina in Lithuania, Cernavodă in Romania, Beloyarsk, Bilibino, Kalinin and Kola in Russia, Bohunice and Mochovce in Slovakia and Khmelnytskyi and Rivne in Ukraine.{{sfn|di Nucci|2015|page=311}}{{cite web | last=Kovalyova | first=Svetlana | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/italy-nuclear-sogin-idUKL1935138220070919 | title=Italy Sogin aims to speed up nuclear {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|decomissioning}} | date=19 September 2007 | publisher=Reuters | website=Oil Report | access-date=16 May 2016}} SOGIN has been actively involved in the G8 Glocal Partnership programme, launched at the 2002 G8 summit in Kananaskis, to support and accelerate Russia's nuclear disarmament. On 3 August 2005, an agreement was signed between SOGIN and the Ministry of Industry for the company to dismantle Russian nuclear submarines. The programme required a specialist vessel, the Rossita, to be constructed, which was delivered in 2011.{{cite web | url=https://www.fincantieri.it/cms/data/browse/news/000388.aspx | title=Fincantieri Launches the Multipurpose "Rossita" | author= | date=16 December 2010 | publisher=Fincantieri | access-date=16 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606003039/http://www.fincantieri.it/cms/data/browse/news/000388.aspx | archive-date=6 June 2015}}

In 2014, SOGIN signed an agreement with China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) to remove parts from the nuclear fuel pool of a Chinese plant. The contract opened the door to the companies sharing expertise on nuclear decommissioning and collaborating on policies and strategies to manage radioactive waste and used fuel in China. Amongst the first projects is a joint study of an innovative process for the minimization, treatment and conditioning of radioactive waste in Italy.{{cite web | url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/WR-Sogin-CGN-cooperate-on-waste-management-1206145.html | title=Sogin, CGN cooperate on waste management | author= | date=12 June 2014 | website=World Nuclear News | publisher=World Nuclear Association | access-date=8 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108094257/http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/WR-Sogin-CGN-cooperate-on-waste-management-1206145.html | archive-date=8 November 2016}}

• Nuclear power in Italy

{{Reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

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• {{cite book | last=Cotana | author-link=Franco Cotana|first=Franco | title=Energia nucleare: nuove prospettive ed opportunità : atti della giornata di studio nazionale, 7 marzo 2008, Terni, Università di Perugia, Polo scientifico didattico | trans-title=Nuclear Energy: New Perspectives and Opportunities: Proceedings of the National Study Day, 7 March 2008, Terni, University of Perugia, Educational Scientific Centre | location=Perugia | publisher=Morlacchi | year=2009 | isbn=978-8-86074-258-2 | language=IT}}
• {{cite journal | last1=Cha | first1=Hyungi | last2=Yoon | first2=Yongbeum |last3=Park | first3=Soojin | title=A Study on the Determinants of Decommissioing Cost for Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) | journal=Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology | volume=19 | number=1 | year=2021 | pages=87–111| doi=10.7733/jnfcwt.2021.19.1.87 | doi-access=free }}
• {{cite book | last=Di Nucci | first=Maria Rosaria | chapter=Between Myth and Reality: Development, Problems and Perspectives of Nuclear Power in Italy | editor-last1=Mez | editor-first=Lutz | editor-last2=Schneider | editor-first2=Mycle | editor-last3=Thomas | editor-first3=Steve | title=International Perspectives on Energy Policy and the Role of Nuclear Power | location=Brentwood | publisher=Multi-Science Publishing Co | year=2009 | isbn=978-1-90713-211-7 | pages=279–300}}
• {{cite book | last=di Nucci | first=Maria Rosaria | editor-last1=Brunnengräber | editor-first1=Achim | editor-last2=Di Nucci | editor-first2=Maria Rosaria | editor-last3=Isidoro Losada | editor-first3=Ana Maria | editor-last4=Mez | editor-first4=Lutz | editor-last5=Schreurs | editor-first5=Miranda A. | title=Nuclear Waste Governance: An International Comparison | chapter=Breaking the Stalemate: The Challenge of Nuclear Waste Governance in Italy | location=Wiesbaden | publisher=VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften | year=2015 | isbn=978-3-65808-961-0 | pages=299–322}}
• {{cite journal | last1=Ferrazzano | first1=V.|last2=Scarabotti | first2=S. | title=Italian decommissioning in the post-referendum era | journal=Nuclear Law Bulletin | volume=80 | year=2012 | pages=35–43| doi=10.1787/nuclear_law-2012-5k94kp7mdsls}}
• {{cite book | last=Laraia | first=Michele | title=Advances and Innovations in Nuclear Decommissioning | location=Oxford | publisher=Woodhead Publishing | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-08101-122-5}}
• {{cite book | last=Laraia | first=Michele | title=Beyond Decommissioning: The Reuse and Redevelopment of Nuclear Installations | location=Oxford | publisher=Woodhead Publishing | year=2019 | isbn=978-0-08102-790-5}}
• {{cite journal | author=OECD | title=National Legislative and Regulatory Activities | journal=Nuclear Law Bulletin | number=73 | year=2004 | pages=69–97}}
• {{cite book | last=Rappazzo | first=Nicola | chapter=CSR Management: The Case of the SOGIN CSR Unit | editor-first1=Grazia | editor-last1=Calabrò | editor-first2=Augusto | editor-last2=D'Amico | editor-first3=Maurizio | editor-last3=Lanfranchi | editor-first4=Giovanni | editor-last4=Moschella | editor-first5=Luisa | editor-last5=Pulejo | editor-first6=Roberta | editor-last6=Salomone | title=Moving from the Crisis to Sustainability: Emerging Issues in the International Context | location=Milano | publisher=FrancoAngeli | year=2011 | isbn=978-8-85684-705-5 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287998345 | pages=303–312}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2002 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2001 | url=http://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2010/07/Bilancio-consuntivo-al-31-12-2001.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2005 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2004 | url=http://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2010/07/Bilancio_Sogin_2004_in_lingua_italiana.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2007 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2006 | url=http://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2010/07/Bilancio-2006.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2008 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2007 | url=http://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2010/07/Bil_Esercizio_2007_03.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | date=2009 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2008 | url=http://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/Uploads/2010/07/BILANCIO_civ_cons_2008_14_sett.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{Cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2010 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2009 | url=http://www.sogin.it/siteassets/uploads/2011/01/civilistico2009.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2011 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2010 | url=http://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2012/Sogin_BilancioCivilisticoConsolidato_2010.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2012 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2011 | url=http://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2013/Bilancio%20d'esercizio%20e%20consolidato%20Sogin_2011.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2013 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2012 | url=http://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2013/Sogin_bilancio_d%27esercizio_2012.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{Cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2014 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2013 | url=http://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2014/amministrazione%20trasparente/Budget%20e%20bilanci/Bilancio-esercizio-e-consolidato-2013-Ada-05-08-2014.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2015 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2014 | url=http://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2016/bilanci/SOGIN_BILANCIO_CONSOLIDATO_2014.pdf | access-date=15 May 2016 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2016 | title=SOGIN Bilancio 2015 | url=https://www.sogin.it/uploads/bilanci/Bilancio_di_esercizio_2015.pdf | access-date=28 September 2019 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2017 | title=Bilancio d'esercizio Sogin S.p.A. e Bilancio consolidato Gruppo Sogin al 31 dicembre 2016 | trans-title=Financial statements for Sogin S.p.A. and Consolidated financial statements for the Sogin Group at 31 December 2016 | url=https://www.sogin.it/uploads/bilanci/SOGIN_Bilancio_esercizio_e_consolidato_2016.PDF | access-date=28 September 2019 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2018 | title=Bilancio d'esercizio di Sogin S.p.A. e Relazione sulla gestione consolidata al 31 dicembre 2017 | trans-title=Financial statements for Sogin S.p.A. and Consolidated Management Report as at 31 December 2017 | url=https://www.sogin.it/uploads/bilanci/SOGIN_BILANCIO_ESERCIZIO_2017.PDF | access-date=28 September 2019 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2019 | title=Bilancio d'esercizio di Sogin S.p.A. e Relazione sulla gestione consolidata al 31 dicembre 2018 | trans-title=Financial statements for Sogin S.p.A. and Consolidated Management Report as at 31 December 2018 | url=https://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2019/societa-trasparente/bilanci/Sogin_Relazione_sulla_Gestione_e_Bilancio_Esercizio_2018.pdf | access-date=28 September 2019 | language=IT}}
• {{cite report | author=SOGIN | year=2021 | title=Relazione sulla Gestione del Gruppo Sogin e Bilancio d'esercizio di Sogin al 31 dicembre 2020 | trans-title=Management Report for Sogin Group and Financial Statements for Sogin at 31 December 2020 | url=https://www.sogin.it/SiteAssets/uploads/2021/societa-trasparente/Bilanci/Sogin_Relazione_sulla_Gestione_e_Bilancio_Esercizio_2020.pdf | access-date=18 October 2021 | language=IT}}

{{refend}}

Category:Governmental nuclear organizations

Category:Nuclear power in Italy

Category:Nuclear technology companies of Italy