SPT-100

{{Short description|Hall-effect ion thruster}}

Image:Russian stationary plasma thrusters.jpg

SPT-100 is a Hall-effect ion thruster, part of the SPT-family of thrusters. SPT stands for Stationary Plasma Thruster. It creates a stream of electrically charged xenon ions accelerated by an electric field and confined by a magnetic field.{{cite web|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19940019157.pdf|title=Performance Evaluation of the Russian SPT-100 Thruster at NASA LeRC|format=PDF|first1=John M.|last1=Sankovic|first2=John A.|last2=Hamley|first3=Thomas W.|last3=Haag|year=1993|id=EP-PC-93-094|accessdate=26 January 2017}}

The thruster is manufactured by Russian OKB Fakel, and was first launched onboard the Gals-1 satellite in 1994.{{cite web|url=http://www.fakel-russia.com/en/about/|title=ОКБ ФАКЕЛ / About|quote=In the early 80s, EDB Fakel started its serial production of the thruster types SPT-50, SPT-60, and SPT-70. The first satellite equipped with SPT-70, Geizer 1, was launched in 1982; and in 1994, a new SPT-100 model was implemented aboard the communication satellite, Gals-1|accessdate=26 January 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206085427/http://www.fakel-russia.com/en/about/|archivedate=6 February 2017}} In 2003, Fakel debuted a second generation of the thruster, called SPT-100B, and in 2011, it presented further upgrades in SPT-100M prototypes.{{cite web|url=http://erps.spacegrant.org/uploads/images/images/iepc_articledownload_1988-2007/2011index/IEPC-2011-041.pdf|title=New Generation of SPT-100|format=PDF|first1=O. A.|last1=Mitrofanova|first2=R. Yu.|last2=Gnizdor|first3=V. M.|last3=Murashko|first4=A. I.|last4=Koryakin|first5=A. N.|last5=Nesterenko|year=2011|id=IEPC-2011-041|accessdate=26 January 2017}} As of 2011, SPT-100 thrusters were used in 18 Russian and 14 foreign spacecraft, including IPSTAR-II, Telstar-8, and Ekspress A and AM constellations.