SS Adriatic (1871)

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| Ship image = Steamship Adriatic.jpg

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| Ship caption = SS Adriatic in the Mersey

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{{Infobox ship career

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| Ship name = SS Adriatic

| Ship namesake = Adriatic Sea

| Ship owner = White Star Line

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| Ship registry = {{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}

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| Ship builder = Harland & Wolff, Belfast

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| Ship yard number = 77

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| Ship launched = 17 October 1871

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| Ship completed = 31 March 1872

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| Ship maiden voyage = Liverpool–New York, 11 April 1872

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| Ship refit = 1884

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| Ship homeport = Liverpool

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| Ship fate = Sold for scrap, 1899

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{{Infobox ship characteristics

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| Ship class = Oceanic-class ocean liner

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| Ship tonnage = *{{GRT |3888}}

{{NRT |2458}}

| Ship displacement =

| Ship length = *{{Convert|452|ft|abbr=on}}

{{Convert|437.2|ft|abbr=on}}{{cite book |author= |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |url=https://archive.org/stream/lloydsregisters51unkngoog#page/n4/mode/2up |publisher=Lloyd's Register |date= 1874|access-date=22 December 2014 }}

| Ship beam = {{Convert|40.9|ft|abbr=on}}

| Ship height =

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| Ship depth = {{Convert|31.0|ft|abbr=on}}

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| Ship decks = 2

| Ship power =

| Ship propulsion = *2 × 2-cylinder compound engines

12 boilers, single screw
600hp

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| Ship speed = {{Convert|14.5|kn|lk=in}}

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| Ship capacity = 850 passengers

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| Ship notes = {{cite web |url=http://www.titanic-titanic.com/adriatic_1.shtml |title=Adriatic I of the White Star Line |work=Titanic-Titanic|year=2012 |access-date=6 May 2012}}

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SS Adriatic was the first of two White Star Line ocean liners to carry the name Adriatic. The White Star Line's first four steamships of the Oceanic-class, the (Oceanic (I), Atlantic, Baltic, and the Republic) met with great success in the trans-Atlantic market, and the line decided to build two more. The first of these was the SS Adriatic, which was built by Harland & Wolff and launched on 17 October 1871; the second was the {{ship|SS|Celtic|1872|6}}.

History

During the remainder of 1871 and the early part of 1872, Adriatic was fitted out. As a part of this process, a technology new to that era was tried on the ship. Up to this point, ships' cabins had been lit by oil lamps, but the builders decided to try new gas lamps on Adriatic and her sister, Celtic. A machine was added to the engine room to produce gas from oil. This worked well, initially, but the motion of the ship caused gas leaks to develop at the joints in the pipework and the system had to be removed.{{cite book |last=Griffiths|first=Denis|editor1-first=Robert|editor1-last= Gardiner|editor2-first=Dr. Basil|editor2-last= Greenhill

|title=The Advent of Steam – The Merchant Steamship before 1900 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press Ltd |date=1993 |pages=158–159|chapter=Chapter 10: Marine Engineering Development in the Nineteenth Century |isbn=0-85177-563-2}}

File:The White Star Line steamship 'Adriatic' leaving Liverpool (crop).jpg

Adriatic left on her maiden voyage on 11 April 1872, sailing from Liverpool to New York, under Captain Sir Digby Murray, who had captained the maiden voyage of the White Star's first ship, Oceanic the year before. Adriatic was similar in configuration to the earlier Oceanic-class ships, with a single funnel and four masts, with the highest towering to {{convert|150|ft|abbr=on}}, and the first three square-rigged. Her hull was painted black in typical White Star fashion, and accommodated two classes, First and Steerage. As the largest of the six White Star Line ships, Adriatic received the designation as the Line's flagship, a title she held until the larger Britannic came on line in 1874.

A month later, during a subsequent Atlantic crossing to New York, Adriatic maintained an average speed of 14.52 knots and won the Blue Riband away from the Cunard Line's Scotia, which she had held since 1863.{{cite book |last1=Haws |first1=Duncan |title=White Star Line (Oceanic Steam Navigation Company) |date=1990 |isbn=0-946378-16-9 |pages=34}}

On 4 January 1873, Adriatic rescued the crew of the Norwegian barque Carmen, which had become waterlogged in the Atlantic Ocean whilst on a voyage from Saint George, New Brunswick, Canada to Liverpool.{{Cite news |title=Latest Shipping Intelligence |newspaper=Daily News |location=London |date=18 January 1873 |issue=8340 }} Adriatic was involved in several accidents. The first occurred in October 1874, when she collided with the Cunard Line's Parthia while sailing parallel. There was little damage to either ship.{{cite book |last=Kerbrech |first=Richard De |year=2009 |title=Ships of the White Star Line |place=London |publisher=Ian Allan |pages=20–22 |isbn=978-0-7110-3366-5}} On 8 March 1875, Adriatic rammed the British schooner Columbus in the Crosby Channel at Liverpool; Columbus was sunk and her captain's child was drowned, but the other seven people on board were rescued by the steamship Enterprise. Adriatic was held solely to blame for the collision. A claim that Columbus was not showing any lights was dismissed and Adriatic had failed to go to the assistance of Columbus.{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Admiralty Court, May 25 and 26 |date=27 May 1875 |issue=28326 |page=13 |column=B-C }}{{Cite news |title=The Collision Between the Adriatic and Columbus |newspaper=Liverpool Mercury |location=Liverpool |date=27 May 1875 |issue=8535 }}

File:Harvest Queen Hughes.jpg, sunk in a collision with Adriatic.]]

In December of the same year, in St. Georges Channel, Adriatic ran down and sank the sailing vessel Harvest Queen in an accident that resulted in the loss of all life aboard Harvest Queen. Harvest Queen sank so quickly that the crew of Adriatic could not identify what ship they had hit, and only a records search later showed who the victim had been.{{cite book | author=John S. Gibbs |title=Arthur's Home Magazine | chapter=Lanterns |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDIZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA421 |date=January–December 1892 |publisher=T.S. Arthur & Sons | volume=62 |page=421 |access-date=6 May 2012}} On 19 July 1878, Adriatic collided with Hengist {{convert|18|nmi|km}} off Holyhead in dense fog.{{Cite news |title=Foundering of a Brig |newspaper=Glasgow Herald |location=Glasgow |date=22 July 1878 |issue=12037 }} Later that day, she collided with and sank the brig G. A. Pike off of South Wales, killing five crew on board Pike. Blame was fixed on Adriatic for excessive speed.{{cite web | title=The White Star Liner Adriatic: A Ship with a Curse, or just Numerous Cases of Negligence? | url=http://www.titanic-whitestarships.com/Adriatic%201st.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070120002326/http://www.titanic-whitestarships.com/Adriatic%201st.htm | url-status=usurped | archive-date=20 January 2007 | work=Titanic and Other White Star Ships | date=2012 | access-date=2 May 2012}}

In 1884, Adriatic underwent a refit, during which accommodations for 50 second class passengers were added.

On 4 October 1889 the Adriatic crashed into the New York piers while docking. Her starboard anchor crashed 50 ft (15.45m) through the new dock house with the well-wishers running away for cover.

In 1897, she was deemed too old for regular trans-Atlantic service, and was laid up as a reserve ship for the Line, at Birkenhead. When RMS Oceanic entered service in 1899, Adriatic was sold for scrap, arriving in Preston on 12 February.