SS Kaisar-I-Hind
{{short description|P&O ocean liner}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image | Ship image = SS Kaiser-I-Hind.jpg | Ship caption = The Kaisar-i-Hind arriving in the port }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header = | Ship country = United Kingdom | Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|UK|civil}} | Ship name = Kaisar-i-Hind | Ship namesake = Victoria, Empress of India | Ship owner = P&O | Ship operator = | Ship registry = Greenock | Ship route = Tilbury – Bombay | Ship ordered = | Ship builder = Caird & Company, Greenock | Ship original cost = £363,176 | Ship yard number = 327 | Ship laid down = | Ship launched = 28 June 1914 | Ship completed = 1 October 1914 | Ship acquired = | Ship maiden voyage = | Ship refit = 1926 | Ship identification = *UK official number 128653
| Ship fate = Scrapped 1938 | Ship notes = }} {{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header = | Header caption = | Ship type = ocean liner | Ship tonnage = {{GRT|11430}}, {{NRT|5989}} | Ship displacement = | Ship length = {{cvt|520.0|ft|abbr=on}} | Ship beam = {{cvt|61.2|ft|abbr=on}} | Ship draught = {{cvt|29|ft|0|in|abbr=on}} | Ship depth = {{cvt|33.1|ft|abbr=on}} | Ship decks = 4 | Ship power = 1,964 NHP, 14,000 ihp | Ship propulsion = *2 × quadruple-expansion engines
| Ship speed = {{convert|18+1/2|kn|km/h|0}} | Ship capacity = *passengers: 315 × 1st class; 333 × 2nd class
| Ship crew = 332 | Ship armament = | Ship sensors = | Ship notes = }} |
SS Kaisar-i-Hind was a P&O ocean liner that was launched in Scotland in 1914 and scrapped in England in 1938. Kaisar-i-Hind means "Empress of India". She was the second P&O ship to bear this name. The first was launched in 1878 and scrapped in 1898.{{sfn|Haws|Rabson|1978|p=63}}
In the First World War Kaisar-i-Hind was a troopship. She survived five torpedo attacks by U-boats.
Building
Caird & Company of Greenock on the River Clyde built the ship as yard number 327. When a Miss Edith Cole launched her on 28 June 1914, the ship still lacked a name.{{cite web |url= http://ssmaritime.com/Kaisar-I-Hind.htm |last=Goossens |first=Reuben |title=RMS Kaisar-i-Hind (2) Page One |work=ssMaritime |access-date=27 February 2024}} The ship was named during fitting out, and made her sea trials on 1 October 1914. She cost £363,176, which at the time was the highest price P&O had ever paid for a ship.{{sfn|Haws|Rabson|1978|p=88}}
Kaisar-i-Hind{{'}}s registered length was {{cvt|520.0|ft|abbr=on}}, her beam was {{cvt|61.2|ft|abbr=on}}, and her depth was {{cvt|33.1|ft|abbr=on}}. Her tonnages were {{GRT|11430}} and {{NRT|5989}}.{{sfn|Lloyd's Register 1917|loc=KAI}} Her holds had space for {{convert|222980|cuft|0}} of cargo. She had berths for 648 passengers: 315 in first class, and 333 in second class. Each passenger cabin was cooled by its own electric fan. She had a crew of 332: 138 Europeans and 194 lascars.{{cite web |url= https://www.poheritage.com/Upload/Mimsy/Media/factsheet/93442KAISAR-I-HIND-1914pdf.pdf |title=Kaisar-i-Hind (1914) |date=September 2011 |work=P&O Ship Fact Sheet |publisher=P&O Heritage |access-date=27 February 2024}}
The ship had twin screws, each driven by a quadruple-expansion steam engine. The combined power of her twin engines was rated at 1,964 NHP{{sfn|Lloyd's Register 1917|loc=KAI}} or 14,000 ihp, and gave her a speed of {{convert|18+1/2|kn|km/h|0}}.{{sfn|Haws|Rabson|1978|p=88}}
Maiden voyage
P&O registered Kaisar-i-Hind at Greenock. Her United Kingdom official number was 128653 and her code letters were JGTR.{{sfn|Mercantile Navy List 1930|p=283}} She was equipped with wireless telegraphy. Her call sign was MSI.{{sfn|The Marconi Press Agency Ltd|1918|p=703}}
The ship's route was from Tilbury to Bombay (now Mumbai) via Plymouth. On her maiden voyage she steamed from Plymouth to Bombay in 17 days, 20 hours and 52 minutes, setting a new record.{{sfn|Haws|Rabson|1978|p=88}}
First World War
File:First Class Smoking Room on the 'Kaisar-i-Hind' (1914) RMG G10985.tiff ]]
The First World War began two months before Kaisar-i-Hind entered service. For much of the war she was a troopship. She carried British, Indian and French troops, mainly to the Mediterranean. For trooping service her number of lifeboats was greatly increased, with a second row of boats superimposed on either side of her boat deck.
During the war she survived five torpedo attacks. The first was on 23 March 1916, between Crete and Malta, when she was carrying the Viceroy of India, Lord Chelmsford, and his family. The second was on 17 June 1917, west of Gibraltar. The third was on 17 July 2017, southwest of the Isles of Scilly. The fourth was on 18 December 1917, west of Gibraltar. In each attack, the U-boat commanders seem to have under-estimated her speed, as Kaisar-i-Hind was faster than other P&O ships of her era.
On 22 September 1918 the ship was attacked by a U-boat for the fifth time. According to official records the torpedo missed again. According to P&O tradition a torpedo did hit her this time, and dented her plates, but failed to detonate.
On 15 October 1918 T. E. Lawrence embarked on the ship at Port Said. He disembarked at Taranto in Italy, whence he continued his journey home by train as far as Le Havre, and then by ferry to England, where he arrived on 24 October.{{cite web |url= http://ssmaritime.com/Kaisar-I-Hind-Page-Two.htm |last=Goossens |first=Reuben |title=RMS Kaisar-i-Hind (2) Page Two |work=ssMaritime |access-date=27 February 2024}} In 1919 the ship continued trooping; repatriating troops to Australia and India. She returned to civilian service in 1920.
Civilian service
File:First Class Music Room on the 'Kaisar-i-Hind' (1914) RMG G10983.tiff
In 1921 Cunard Line chartered Kaisar-i-Hind for at least one round trip between Southampton and New York, for which she was unofficially renamed Emperor of India. The American Tourist Agency chartered her for a cruise to Norway, but her design for service in a hot climate proved unsuitable. During the cruise an explosion in her stokehold killed three lascar stokers and badly scalded four engineers.
In 1922 Kaisar-i-Hind returned to P&O service.{{sfn|Haws|Rabson|1978|p=88}} in 1926 she was refitted. In 1929 P&O changed transferred her to its Far East route. David Niven, then newly commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Highland Light Infantry, sailed on her from Tilbury to Malta.
By 1930 Kaisar-i-Hind{{'}}s call sign was GLVN.{{sfn|Mercantile Navy List 1930|p=283}} By 1934 this had superseded her code letters.
On 22 May 1930 the ship lost her port screw in the Red Sea between Aden and Port Said. The damage was inspected by a diver, after which she completed her voyage to Tilbury at reduced speed. On 1 November 1931 the ship dragged her anchor at Malta, colliding with the Italian ship Città di Trieste and sinking several lighters.
File:Paquebot Georges Philippar (1931).jpg
On 16 May 1932 the French liner {{MS|Georges Philippar||2}} caught fire in the Indian Ocean. Kaisar-i-Hind was one of several ships that went to her aid. Kaisar-i-Hind patrolled in search of lifeboats and liferafts believed to be making for the coast, but found none.
On 1 July 1932 Kaisar-i-Hind called at Tangier. She was the first P&O ship ever to serve the port.
On 21 April 1938 the ship reached Plymouth flying a paying-off pennant {{convert|72|ft}} long. The next day she reached King George V Dock, London, for the last time. On 26 April Hughes Bolckow bought her for £28,500 for scrap. On 29 May she reached Blyth, Northumberland, where she was broken up.
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book |last1=Haws |first1=Duncan |last2=Rabson |first2=Stephen |year=1978 |title=The Ships of the P&O, Orient and Blue Anchor Lines |series=Merchant Fleets in Profile |volume=1 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Patrick Stephens Ltd |isbn=0-85059-319-0}}
- {{cite book |year=1917 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1918ST/page/n538/mode/1up |ref={{harvid|Lloyd's Register 1917}} }}
- {{cite book |author=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |author-link=Marconi Company |year=1918 |title=The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony |place=London |publisher=The Wireless Press, Ltd}}
- {{cite book |year=1930 |title=Mercantile Navy List |place=London |via=Crew List Index Project |url= https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?name=Kaisar-i-Hind&year=1930&submit=Enter |ref={{harvid|Mercantile Navy List 1930}} }}
{{1930 shipwrecks}}
{{1931 shipwrecks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaisar-i-Hind}}
Category:Maritime incidents in 1916
Category:Maritime incidents in 1917
Category:Maritime incidents in 1918
Category:Maritime incidents in 1930
Category:Maritime incidents in 1931
Category:Ocean liners of the United Kingdom
Category:Ships built on the River Clyde
Category:Steamships of the United Kingdom