SS Oakmar
{{Short description|American merchant ship (1920–1942)}}
{{Mdy|date=June 2025}}
| {{Infobox ship begin
|infobox caption= |display title= }} {{Infobox ship image |Ship image=SS Oakmar.jpg |Ship image size= 300px |Ship caption=Oakmar in service with the Calmar Steamship Company |image alt= }} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header= |Ship name=* Eastern Exporter (1920–1923)
|Ship owner=* United States Shipping Board (1920–1923)
|Ship operator= |Ship registry= |Ship route= |Ship ordered=January 1, 1919 |Ship builder=Mitsui Buttan K. K. |Ship original cost= |Ship yard number= |Ship way number= |Ship laid down= |Ship launched= |Ship completed=July 1920 |Ship christened= |Ship acquired= |Ship maiden voyage= |Ship in service=1920 |Ship out of service=1942 |Ship identification=* Official number: 220362
|Ship fate=Sunk on March 20, 1942 |Ship notes= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class= |Ship type=Cargo ship |Ship tonnage= *{{GRT|5766}}
|Ship displacement= |Ship length={{cvt|385|ft}} |Ship beam={{cvt|51|ft}} |Ship height= |Ship draught= |Ship draft= |Ship depth={{cvt|34|ft}} |Ship decks= |Ship deck clearance= |Ship ramps= |Ship ice class= |Ship power= triple-expansion steam engine, 554 nhp |Ship propulsion= |Ship speed= {{convert|11.5|kn|lk=in}} |Ship capacity= |Ship crew= |Ship notes= }} |
SS Oakmar was an American steam-powered cargo ship built in 1920 as Eastern Exporter for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). She was renamed William Campion after being bought by the Garland Steamship Corporation in 1923 and then Oakmar after being bought by the Calmar Steamship Company in 1927. She was sunk off the coast of North Carolina in World War II on March 20, 1942, by the {{GS| U-71|1940|6}}.
Construction
Eastern Exporter cost, alongside four other ships following the 'Eastern X' naming convention, a total of $338,094.{{cite magazine |date=6 November 1920 |title=Nearly 1,750,000 is spent on Japanese ships in Seattle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8NxPAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA46-PA9 |magazine=Weekly Commercial News |page=9 |volume=61 |number=19}} She was built by Mitsui Buttan K. K. in Tama, Tokyo as yard number 33. She was ordered on January 1, 1919, and was completed sometime during July 1920.{{Cite web |title=SS OAKMAR |url=https://www.shipvault.com/ships/11899 |access-date=May 27, 2025 |website=shipvault.com}}{{Cite web |last=Eric |first=Wiberg |date=November 22, 2014 |title=SS Oakmar, sunk by U-71/Flchsenberg NW of Bermuda 20 Mar 42, 30 men found in lifeboat, other lifeboat w/ captain missing |url=https://ericwiberg.com/2014/11/ss-oakmar-sunk-by-u-71flchsenberg-nw-of-bermuda-20-mar-42-30-men-found-in-lifeboat-other-lifeboat-w-captain-missing |access-date=May 27, 2025 |website=ericwiberg.com}} Her official number was 220362,{{Cite journal |last=McKellar |first=N. L. |date=Fall 1963 |title=Steel Shipbuilding under the U.S. Shipping Board, 1917-1921 |url=https://web.kamihq.com/web/viewer.html?state=%7B%22ids%22%3A%5B%221LJZ_zfaDyhsnjhkiHw1b6ZisSwb_CY_Z%22%5D%2C%22action%22%3A%22open%22%2C%22userId%22%3A%22116323042245880596608%22%7D&filename=undefined&kami_user_id=19085093 |journal=The Belgian Shiplover |volume=95 |via=kami}} her Emergency Fleet Corporation number was 2029,{{Cite web |last=McKellar |first=Norman L. |title=Index of Names of EFC Ships As Completed |url=https://shipscribe.com/mckellar/nameindex.html |access-date=June 5, 2025 |website=Shipscribe}} and the code letters KDAZ.{{Cite journal |date=August 2, 1920 |title=Commercial Land and Ship Stations, Alphabetically by Call Signals |url=https://web.kamihq.com/web/viewer.html?state=%7B%22ids%22%3A%5B%221aE8s-7CVllZFHcqkaw7KvBXTeet4YAtz%22%5D%2C%22action%22%3A%22open%22%2C%22userId%22%3A%22116323042245880596608%22%7D&filename=undefined&kami_user_id=19085093 |journal=Radio Service Bulletin |location=Washington |publisher=Bureau of Navigation, Department of Commerce |issue=40 |pages=3}}
= Specifications =
Eastern Exporter was {{Convert|385|ft|m}} long, {{Convert|51|ft|m}} wide, and {{Convert|34|ft|m}} deep. She had a gross register tonnage of 5,766 and a deadweight tonnage of 5,766.{{Cite web |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |title=Oakmar (American steam merchant) |url=https://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1459.html |access-date=May 27, 2025 |website=uboat.net}} Her triple-expansion steam engine developed a net horsepower of 554, and the ship could travel at a maximum speed of {{convert|11.5|kn|lk=in}}.
Service
Eastern Exporter traveled from Calcutta, India, refueling in both Cape Town, South Africa, and Port of Spain, Trinidad before finally continuing on to Boston, Massachusetts. She normally carried a cargo consisting of manganese ore, burlap, and rubber.
= Ownership =
Following her construction, Eastern Exporter was delivered to the USSB. In 1923, the ship was sold by the USSB to the Garland Steamship Corporation of New York and renamed William Campion. Just four years later, in March 1927, she was purchased by the Calmar Steamship Company—a subsidiary of Bethlehem Steel—and renamed Oakmar.
Sinking
Oakmar departed Port of Spain in early 1942, bound for Boston. She had a crew of 36 men under the command of Captain Nolan Fleming. In addition, a single passenger bound from India to the United States was aboard. The ship evaded four U-boats while crossing the Atlantic, each time travelling at full speed a sub got near her.
On March 20, Oakmar was {{convert|310|nmi|lk=in}} northwest of Bermuda and {{cvt|300|nmi}} southeast of Nantucket. She was travelling at top speed, passing by Cape Hatteras around 2:00 PM. The seas were heavy, and a gale of {{convert|35|-|40|kn}} came from the northwest. The {{GS|U-71|1940|6}} suddenly surfaced, commanded by {{lang|de|Kapitänleutnant}} Walter Flachsenberg. Due to the heavy seas, Flachsenberg did not want to conduct a torpedo attack. Instead, U-71 surfaced and began to follow Oakmar. Her radio operator sent out an SSSS signal at 2:49 PM.{{Cite book |url=https://www.uboatarchive.net/ESF/ESFWarDiaryMar42APP4.htm |title=Eastern Sea Frontier Enemy Action Diary |date=March 20, 1942}} It was reported that the ship was being pursued by a German submarine, and the signal was received by the Fifth Naval District Headquarters.
U-71 suddenly opened fire on Oakmar with a machine gun located on its conning tower.{{Cite book |last=Browning Jr. |first=Robert M. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Casualties/7ZcZDgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 |title=United States Merchant Marine Casualties of World War II |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated |isbn=9780786484973 |edition=Revised |publication-date=July 25, 2011 |via=Google Books}} Bullets struck Oakmar{{'}}s bridge and superstructure, despite her having turned to port in an attempt to avoid the submarine. Captain Fleming assumed the gunfire was the submarine firing warning shots, and ordered her stopped as he dumped confidential papers overboard in a weighted bag.
Oakmar{{'}}s starboard lifeboat managed to get away with 30 men aboard, including the ship's passenger. The side of the lifeboat was smashed while lowering. Two men leapt from the deck of the ship into the water, but the lifeboat was unable to rescue them due to the heavy seas. Captain Fleming and three other men were seen launching the port lifeboat, and those in the starboard one noted that "Oakmar was bobbing like a cork" while U-71 remained stationary in the water.
More shells were fired at Oakmar, some 30 or 40 shells fired in a time period of just 15 minutes. U-71 eventually fired a torpedo at the sinking ship, somehow missing her entirely. A second torpedo was fired, this one striking just forward of the bridge. Oakmar sank by the bow in a matter of minutes at 2:55 PM. Captain Fleming and the remaining crew presumably went down with the ship, as the port lifeboat was never seen in the water. U-71 submerged and eventually departed from the scene, not once interacting with the men in the starboard lifeboat.
The lifeboat drifted for two days among the waves, before it was eventually spotted by the Greek steamer Stravos around 8:00 PM on March 22. The survivors of Oakmar arrived at Bermuda on March 24 at 5:00 PM, where one of them were hospitalized. The remainder were flown to La Guardia Airport in New York City aboard a Pan American Clipper aircraft, arriving on April 1.