SS Runic (1900)
{{Short description|Steam ship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image | Ship image =SS Runic at dock. (crop).png | Ship caption =SS Runic at harbour }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header = |Ship country=United Kingdom |Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|UK|civil}} | Ship name =*Runic (1900–1930) | Ship owner =*White Star Line (1900–1930) | Ship operator = | Ship registry = | Ship route = | Ship ordered = | Ship builder = Harland and Wolff, Belfast, UK | Ship original cost = | Ship yard number =332 | Ship way number = | Ship laid down = | Ship launched = 25 October 1900 | Ship completed = 22 December 1900 | Ship christened = | Ship acquired = | Ship maiden voyage = 19 January 1901 | Ship in service = | Ship out of service = | Ship identification = | Ship fate = | Ship notes = }} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header=title |Ship country=Norway |Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|Norway}} |Ship name= New Sevilla |Ship owner=A/S Sevilla |Ship operator= |Ship route= |Ship acquired=1930 |Ship maiden voyage= |Ship out of service= |Ship registry= Oslo, Norway |Ship fate=Sold, 1931 |Ship notes= }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header =title |Ship country=United Kingdom |Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|UK|civil}} | Ship name =New Sevilla (1931–1940) | Ship owner =Christian Salvesen (1931–1940) | Ship operator = | Ship registry = | Ship route = | Ship in service = | Ship out of service = 20 September 1940 | Ship identification = | Ship fate = Torpedoed and sunk, 21 September 1940 | Ship notes = }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class= {{sclass2|Jubilee|ocean liner}} |Ship tonnage={{GRT|12482}} |Ship displacement= |Ship length={{convert|550|ft|m|abbr=on}} |Ship beam={{convert|63.4|ft|m|abbr=on}} |Ship height= |Ship draught= |Ship depth= |Ship decks= |Ship ice class= |Ship sail plan= |Ship power=Two four-cylinder quadruple-expansion steam engines |Ship propulsion=Two propellers |Ship speed= {{convert|14|kn|lk=in}} service speed |Ship capacity=*400 third class passengers
|Ship crew= |Ship notes= }} |
SS Runic was a steamship built at Harland and Wolff in Belfast for the White Star Line which entered service in 1901. Runic was the fourth of five {{sclass2|Jubilee|ocean liner}}s built for White Star's Australia service along with her sister ship {{SS|Suevic}}, where she ran on the Liverpool–Cape Town–Sydney route.{{cite web |title=S/S Runic (2), White Star Line |url=http://www.norwayheritage.com/p_ship.asp?sh=runi2 |publisher=Norway Heritage |accessdate=9 July 2018}} She served this route until she was requisitioned for use as a war transport between 1915 and 1919, before returning to the Australia service.
She was the first White Star ship to be launched and enter service in the 20th century, and the second White Star ship to be named Runic, an earlier ship of that name had served the company between 1889 and 1895.
In 1930 Runic was sold and converted into a whaling factory ship and renamed New Sevilla, she remained in service in this role until September 1940 when she was torpedoed and sunk off the Irish coast with the loss of two lives.
Design and construction
When White Star inaugurated service from Liverpool, England to Sydney, Australia in the late 1890s, they commissioned five steamships to be built for that route: the first three all entered service in 1899: {{SS|Afric||2}}, {{SS|Medic|1899|2}} and {{SS|Persic||2}}. All three were single-funnel liners which measured just under {{GRT|12,000|disp=long}} and were configured to carry 320 third class passengers. Because the commissioning of these ships coincided with the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, they were referred to as the "{{sclass2|Jubilee|ocean liner|4}}". The next two ships of the class would be slightly larger than the first three. The first of these was Runic at {{GRT|12482|link=off}}, launched on 25 October 1900. The second, and largest of the class, was Suevic, at {{GRT|12531|link=off}} launched on 8 December 1900. Runic and Suevic had several minor design changes, the most noticeable of which were the lengthening of the poop deck, and the moving of the bridge closer to the bow. These ships could carry 400 passengers in third class on three decks. They also had substantial cargo capacity with seven cargo holds, most of which were refrigerated with the capacity for the stowage of 100,000 carcasses of mutton. There was also a hold designed for the transport of up to 20,000 bales of wool.{{cite book|last1=Kerbrech|first1=Richard De|title=Ships of the White Star Line|date=2009|publisher=Ian Allan Publishing|pages=78–89|isbn=978-0-7110-3366-5}}
White Star Line career
File:Runic (ship, 1900) - SLV H91.250-532 (crop).jpg
Runic started her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Sydney on 19 January 1901, she quickly proved to be popular on the route. On 25 November that year she went to the assistance of the Union-Castle liner {{RMS|Dunottar Castle||2}} which had broken down, and towed the liner to the port of Dakar in West Africa.
Runic initially remained in commercial service after the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, but on 21 January 1915 she was commissioned by the Australian government as a troop transport ship and was given the designation HMAT (His Majesty's Australian Transport) A54.{{cite web |title=His Majesty's Australian Transports [HMAT] Ships |url=http://alh-research.tripod.com/ships_lh.htm |accessdate=10 July 2018}} On 1 May that year Runic collided with the 954-ton collier Horst Martini in fog whilst in the English Channel, the smaller ship sank, but there were no deaths.{{cite web |title=HORST MARTINI |url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1238727 |publisher=Historic England |accessdate=20 July 2018}} On 28 November 1917 she was commandeered under the Liner Requisition Scheme and remained so until she was released back into commercial service on 10 April 1919, when she returned to the Australian service.
In October 1921 Runic was sent back to Harland & Wolff for her passenger accommodation to be reconditioned. She spent most of the rest of the 1920s operating on the Australia service in tandem with Medic, Suevic and {{SS|Ceramic||2}}. On 3 November 1928 when she was on an extended voyage to Glasgow, Scotland she collided with {{HMS|London|69|6}} causing minor damage to her stern.
Runic made her last voyage to Australia for White Star in December 1929, following her return she was laid up for disposal after nearly 29 years of service.
''New Sevilla''
File:A-01674d Hvalkokeri NEW SEVILLA.jpg
File:At Cape Town (MP) 2018 190.jpg]]
In July 1930 Runic was sold to the Sevilla Whaling Co. Of London, a subsidiary of A/S Sevilla of Norway, who converted her into a whaling factory ship at the Germania shipyard in Kiel. She was renamed New Sevilla. Following the rebuild she had an increased gross tonnage of 13,801. Soon after she entered service in her new role A/S Sevilla was taken over by the Scottish firm Christian Salvesen in April 1931.
After nearly a decade in this role, on 20 September 1940 during World War II New Sevilla was sailing as part of the convoy OB 216 from Liverpool to Antarctica when she was torpedoed by the German submarine {{GS|U-138|1940|2}}. She initially remained afloat and was taken in tow, but sank the next day, {{convert|30|mi}} off Malin Head, Galway, Ireland at the position ({{coord|55|48|N|07|22|W}}). 282 crew were saved, but two people died. The survivors were picked up by {{HMS|Arabis|K73|6}} and the Icelandic trawler Belgaum and landed at Belfast.{{cite web |title=New Sevilla British Whale factory ship |url=https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/535.html |publisher=uboat.net |accessdate=10 July 2018}}
References
{{commons category|Runic (ship, 1900)}}
{{commons category|New Sevilla (ship, 1900)}}
{{reflist}}
{{Jubilee-class ocean liners}}
{{White Star Line ships}}
{{September 1940 shipwrecks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Runic}}
Category:Maritime incidents in September 1940
Category:Ships built by Harland and Wolff
Category:Ships built in Belfast
Category:Ships of the White Star Line