STC1

This gene encodes a secreted, homodimeric glycoprotein that is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and may have autocrine or paracrine functions. The only known molecular function of human Stanniocalcin-1 to date is a SUMO E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in the SUMOylation cycle. However, STC1 interacts with many proteins in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum, and in dot-like fashion in the cell nucleus. The N-terminal region of STC1 is the function region which is responsible to establish the interaction with its partners, including SUMO1.{{cite journal | vauthors = dos Santos MT, Trindade DM, Gonçalves Kde A, Bressan GC, Anastassopoulos F, Yunes JA, Kobarg J | title = Human stanniocalcin-1 interacts with nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and acts as a SUMO E3 ligase | journal = Molecular BioSystems | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 180–93 | date = Jan 2011 | pmid = 21042649 | doi = 10.1039/c0mb00088d }} Low-resolution studies shows that STC1 is an anti-parallel homodimer in solution and the cysteine 202 is responsible for its dimerization. All the 5 disulfide bonds of human STC1 are conserved and have the same profile of fish STC.{{cite journal | vauthors = Trindade DM, Silva JC, Navarro MS, Torriani IC, Kobarg J | title = Low-resolution structural studies of human Stanniocalcin-1 | journal = BMC Structural Biology | volume = 9 | pages = 57 | date = Aug 27, 2009 | pmid = 19712479 | pmc = 2744999 | doi = 10.1186/1472-6807-9-57 | doi-access = free }} The gene contains a 5' UTR rich in CAG trinucleotide repeats. The encoded protein contains 11 conserved cysteine residues and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C exclusively on its serine residues.

The protein may play a role in the regulation of renal and intestinal calcium and phosphate transport, cell metabolism, or cellular calcium/phosphate homeostasis. Overexpression of human stanniocalcin 1 in mice produces high serum phosphate levels, dwarfism, and increased metabolic rate. This gene has altered expression in hepatocellular, ovarian, and breast cancers, and is a putative molecular biomarker of leukemic microenvironment.

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Chang AC, Jellinek DA, Reddel RR | title = Mammalian stanniocalcins and cancer | journal = Endocrine-Related Cancer | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = 359–73 | date = Sep 2003 | pmid = 14503913 | doi = 10.1677/erc.0.0100359 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.318.655 }}
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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Chang AC, Janosi J, Hulsbeek M, de Jong D, Jeffrey KJ, Noble JR, Reddel RR | title = A novel human cDNA highly homologous to the fish hormone stanniocalcin | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 112 | issue = 2 | pages = 241–7 | date = Aug 1995 | pmid = 7489828 | doi = 10.1016/0303-7207(95)03601-3 | s2cid = 35823912 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Wagner GF, Guiraudon CC, Milliken C, Copp DH | title = Immunological and biological evidence for a stanniocalcin-like hormone in human kidney | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 92 | issue = 6 | pages = 1871–5 | date = Mar 1995 | pmid = 7892193 | pmc = 42384 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.6.1871 | bibcode = 1995PNAS...92.1871W | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Olsen HS, Cepeda MA, Zhang QQ, Rosen CA, Vozzolo BL, Wagner GF | title = Human stanniocalcin: a possible hormonal regulator of mineral metabolism | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 93 | issue = 5 | pages = 1792–6 | date = Mar 1996 | pmid = 8700837 | pmc = 39860 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.5.1792 | bibcode = 1996PNAS...93.1792O | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang KZ, Westberg JA, Paetau A, von Boguslawsky K, Lindsberg P, Erlander M, Guo H, Su J, Olsen HS, Andersson LC | title = High expression of stanniocalcin in differentiated brain neurons | journal = The American Journal of Pathology | volume = 153 | issue = 2 | pages = 439–45 | date = Aug 1998 | pmid = 9708804 | pmc = 1852984 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65587-3 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Varghese R, Wong CK, Deol H, Wagner GF, DiMattia GE | title = Comparative analysis of mammalian stanniocalcin genes | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 139 | issue = 11 | pages = 4714–25 | date = Nov 1998 | pmid = 9794484 | doi = 10.1210/en.139.11.4714 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = ((Zhang Kz)), Lindsberg PJ, Tatlisumak T, Kaste M, Olsen HS, Andersson LC | title = Stanniocalcin: A molecular guard of neurons during cerebral ischemia | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 97 | issue = 7 | pages = 3637–42 | date = Mar 2000 | pmid = 10725397 | pmc = 16292 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.070045897 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Jellinek DA, Chang AC, Larsen MR, Wang X, Robinson PJ, Reddel RR | title = Stanniocalcin 1 and 2 are secreted as phosphoproteins from human fibrosarcoma cells | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 350 Pt 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 453–61 | date = Sep 2000 | pmid = 10947959 | pmc = 1221272 | doi = 10.1042/0264-6021:3500453 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Varghese R, Gagliardi AD, Bialek PE, Yee SP, Wagner GF, Dimattia GE | title = Overexpression of human stanniocalcin affects growth and reproduction in transgenic mice | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 143 | issue = 3 | pages = 868–76 | date = Mar 2002 | pmid = 11861508 | doi = 10.1210/endo.143.3.8671 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = McCudden CR, James KA, Hasilo C, Wagner GF | title = Characterization of mammalian stanniocalcin receptors. Mitochondrial targeting of ligand and receptor for regulation of cellular metabolism | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 47 | pages = 45249–58 | date = Nov 2002 | pmid = 12223480 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M205954200 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Serlachius M, Alitalo R, Olsen HS, Andersson LC | title = Expression of stanniocalcin-1 in megakaryocytes and platelets | journal = British Journal of Haematology | volume = 119 | issue = 2 | pages = 359–63 | date = Nov 2002 | pmid = 12406069 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03916.x | s2cid = 19633381 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Sheikh-Hamad D, Bick R, Wu GY, Christensen BM, Razeghi P, Poindexter B, Taegtmeyer H, Wamsley A, Padda R, Entman M, Nielsen S, Youker K | title = Stanniocalcin-1 is a naturally occurring L-channel inhibitor in cardiomyocytes: relevance to human heart failure | journal = American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology | volume = 285 | issue = 1 | pages = H442–8 | date = Jul 2003 | pmid = 12663264 | doi = 10.1152/ajpheart.01071.2002 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Zlot C, Ingle G, Hongo J, Yang S, Sheng Z, Schwall R, Paoni N, Wang F, Peale FV, Gerritsen ME | title = Stanniocalcin 1 is an autocrine modulator of endothelial angiogenic responses to hepatocyte growth factor | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 48 | pages = 47654–9 | date = Nov 2003 | pmid = 14500721 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M301353200 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = McCudden CR, Majewski A, Chakrabarti S, Wagner GF | title = Co-localization of stanniocalcin-1 ligand and receptor in human breast carcinomas | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 213 | issue = 2 | pages = 167–72 | date = Jan 2004 | pmid = 15062564 | doi = 10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.042 | s2cid = 29530147 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Luo CW, Kawamura K, Klein C, Hsueh AJ | title = Paracrine regulation of ovarian granulosa cell differentiation by stanniocalcin (STC) 1: mediation through specific STC1 receptors | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 18 | issue = 8 | pages = 2085–96 | date = Aug 2004 | pmid = 15131261 | doi = 10.1210/me.2004-0066 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Serlachius M, Andersson LC | title = Upregulated expression of stanniocalcin-1 during adipogenesis | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 296 | issue = 2 | pages = 256–64 | date = Jun 2004 | pmid = 15149855 | doi = 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.02.016 }}

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