STOBAR

Compared to CATOBAR, STOBAR is less expensive to develop. It is easier to operate than a CATOBAR configuration, which requires large number of operators to launch the aircraft. The lack of any moving parts in a ski-jump makes it less expensive to maintain than a catapult.{{cite web |last=Head |first=Jeff |date=2014-04-07 |url=http://www.freewebs.com/jeffhead/worldwideaircraftcarriers/carriers.htm |title=What are the carriers? |access-date=2019-07-26 |website=World-Wide Aircraft Carriers |via=Freewebs}}{{Cite journal |url=https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/99679d4b-cbc1-4291-933e-a520ea231565/China-s-Aircraft-Carrier-Ambitions--An-Update |title=China's Aircraft Carrier Ambitions |last1=Li |first1=Nan |last2=Weuve |first2=Christopher |journal=Naval War College Review |year=2010 |volume=63 |number=1 |page=20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727100737/http://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/99679d4b-cbc1-4291-933e-a520ea231565/China-s-Aircraft-Carrier-Ambitions--An-Update |archive-date=2010-07-27}} It does not require any additional system to generate force required to launch the aircraft, unlike CATOBAR where an external force is needed to be generated either from steam catapult{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/navy/nrtc/14310_ch4.pdf |chapter=Chapter 4. Steam-Powered Catapults |title=Aviation Boatswain's. Mate E. NAVEDTRA 14310 (Nonresident Training Course) |publisher=Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center |date=July 2001 |via=GlobalSecurity.org}} or Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS){{Cite web |url=http://defensetech.org/2007/04/05/emals-next-gen-catapult/ |title=EMALS: Next Gen Catapult |date=2007-04-05 |website=Defense Tech |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620194141/http://defensetech.org/2007/04/05/emals-next-gen-catapult/ |archive-date=2010-06-20}} to launch the aircraft.

File:Vikramaditya 7.jpg

One major limitation of STOBAR configuration is that it only works with fighter aircraft that have a high thrust-to-weight ratio such as Su-33 or MiG-29K and thus limits the kind of aircraft that can be operated from the carrier. It is not known{{who|date=September 2017}} what restrictions ski-jump takeoff implies on maximal aircraft weight. According to some sources, in order to become airborne, the aircraft may be required to limit its weaponry and fuel package in order to reduce the launch weight of the aircraft.{{Cite web|url = http://defensetech.org/2012/04/25/how-effective-will-chinas-carrier-based-fighters-be/|title = How Effective Will China's Carrier-Based Fighters Be?|date = 2012-04-25|website = Defense Tech|url-status = usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427121235/http://defensetech.org/2012/04/25/how-effective-will-chinas-carrier-based-fighters-be/|archive-date=2012-04-27}} However, according to other sources,{{Cite news|url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/now-navy-wants-super-hornets-too/story-4NE3rf4jBNP6qJQsmaTlFP.html|title = Now Navy wants Super Hornets too|quote=In our simulation, we discovered that not only could the Super Hornet take-off from a ski-jump, but could do so with a significant weapons load.|last=Singh|first=Rahul |work=Hindustan Times|date = 2008-05-14|access-date=3 December 2018}} the Super Hornet can take-off from a ski-jump with a significant weapons load. Using ski-jump can limit the ability to conduct sorties faster on STOBAR aircraft carrier.{{Cite web|url = https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/us-india-collaboration-on-aircraft-carriers-a-good-idea/|title = US-India Collaboration on Aircraft Carriers: A Good Idea?|last=Ankit|first=Panda|website=The Diplomat |date=24 April 2015|access-date=2019-07-26}} STOBAR carriers must maintain a speed of {{cvt|20|–|30|kn|km/h}} in order to generate wind speed required on deck which is essential for conducting aircraft launch operations.{{Cite web|url = http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindian-navy-seeks-emals-system-second-vikrant-class-aircraft-carrier|title = Indian Navy seeks EMALS system for second Vikrant-class aircraft carrier|website=Naval Technology|date = 2013-05-29|access-date = 2019-07-26}}

File:Tejas takeoff from INS Vikrant.webm

• HAL Tejas – two naval variants are being developed for the Indian Navy; a prototype (NP-1) is currently undergoing flight testing.{{Cite news|url =http://www.deccanherald.com/content/244815/lca-naval-variants-first-flight.html|title =LCA naval variant's first flight on Friday|date =2012-04-25|access-date =2019-07-26|work=Deccan Herald|last=Kumar|first=Chethan |url-status =dead|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140202190045/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/244815/lca-naval-variants-first-flight.html|archive-date =2 February 2014}}{{Cite news|url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-02-07/news/58902892_1_lca-tejas-maiden-flight-national-flight-test-centre|title = Maiden flight by 2nd prototype of LCA Tejas' naval variant|agency=Press Trust of India|work=The Economic Times|date =2015-02-07|access-date=2019-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211070756/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-02-07/news/58902892_1_lca-tejas-maiden-flight-national-flight-test-centre|archive-date=2015-02-11}}{{Cite web|url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=63054|title = Naval Version of Light Combat Aircraft Rolls out a Defining and Memorable Occasion for the Nation – Antony|publisher = Press Information Bureau|date =6 July 2010|access-date =2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805141148/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=63054|archive-date=2011-08-05|url-status=dead}}
• Mikoyan MiG-29K – currently active with the Indian Navy and the Russian Navy.
• Shenyang J-15 – partially based on the Su-33, operated by the People's Liberation Army Navy on {{ship|Chinese aircraft carrier|Liaoning||2}}.{{Cite news|url = http://english.sina.com/china/2012/1124/530358.html|title = J-15 successfully landed on China's carrier Liaoning: Navy|work=Sina English|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date = 2012-11-25|access-date = 2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128031541/http://english.sina.com/china/2012/1124/530358.html|archive-date=2012-11-28|url-status=dead}}
• Sukhoi Su-33 – developed from Su-27 and only operated by the Russian Navy.

As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, three countries currently operate STOBAR-type carriers; Russia, India and China have built a STOBAR ship for operation, while both India and China have procured STOBAR ships that were built by Russia and have had them converted for their own use.

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{{Types of take-off and landing}}

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Category:Aircraft carriers

Category:Types of take-off and landing