STS-100

{{Short description|2001 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}

{{Infobox spaceflight

| name = STS-100

| names_list = Space Transportation System-100

| image = Canadarm2 installation during STS-100.jpg

| image_upright = 0.75

| image_caption = Parazynski assists in installing Canadarm2 on the ISS during EVA 1, with Endeavour in the background

| insignia = STS-100 patch.svg

| mission_type = ISS assembly/logistics

| operator = NASA

| COSPAR_ID =

| SATCAT =

| mission_duration = 11 days, 21 hours, 31 minutes, 14 seconds

| launch_mass = {{convert|103506|kg}}

| landing_mass = {{convert|99742|kg}}

| payload_mass = {{convert|4899|kg}}

| crew_size = 7

| crew_members = {{Unbulleted list|Kent V. Rominger|Jeffrey S. Ashby|Chris A. Hadfield|John L. Phillips|Scott E. Parazynski|Umberto Guidoni|Yury Lonchakov}}

| crew_photo = STS-100_crew.jpg

| crew_photo_caption = Left to right: Front row - Lonchakov, Rominger (commander), Guidoni, Ashby (pilot), Phillips; Back row - Parazynski, Hadfield

| crew_EVAs = 2

| crew_EVA_duration = 14 hours, 50 minutes

| distance_travelled =

| spacecraft = {{OV|105}}

| launch_site = Kennedy, LC-39A

| launch_date = {{start date text|19 April 2001, 18:40:42|timezone=yes}} UTC

| landing_date = {{end date text|1 May 2001, 16:11:56|timezone=yes}} UTC

| landing_site = Edwards, Runway{{nbsp}}22{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.astronautix.com/flights/sts100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021102004133/http://astronautix.com/flights/sts100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 November 2002|first=Mark|last=Wade|access-date=6 May 2013|title=STS-100|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Astronautica}}

| apsis = gee

| orbit_epoch = 21 April 2001

| orbit_reference = Geocentric

| orbit_regime = Low Earth

| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|375|km}}{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=6 May 2013}}

| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|331|km}}

| orbit_period = 91.59 minutes

| orbit_inclination = 51.5 deg

| docking = {{Infobox spaceflight/Dock

|docking_target = ISS

|docking_type = dock

|docking_port = PMA-2
(Destiny forward)

|docking_date = 21 April 2001, 13:59 UTC

|undocking_date = 29 April 2001, 17:34 UTC

|time_docked = 8 days, 3 hours, 35 minutes

}}

| programme = Space Shuttle program

| previous_mission = STS-102 (103)

| next_mission = STS-104 (105)

}}

STS-100 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour. STS-100 launch on 19 April 2001, and installed the ISS Canadarm2 robotic arm.

Crew

{{Spaceflight crew

| terminology = Astronaut

| position1 = Commander

| crew1_up = {{Flagicon|USA}} Kent V. Rominger

| flights1_up = Fifth and last

| position2 = Pilot

| crew2_up = {{Flagicon|USA}} Jeffrey S. Ashby

| flights2_up = Second

| position3 = Mission Specialist 1

| crew3_up = {{Flagicon|CAN}} Chris Hadfield

| flights3_up = Second

| agency3_up = CSA

| position4 = Mission Specialist 2
Flight Engineer

| crew4_up = {{Flagicon|USA}} John L. Phillips

| flights4_up = First

| position5 = Mission Specialist 3

| crew5_up = {{Flagicon|USA}} Scott E. Parazynski

| flights5_up = Fourth

| position6 = Mission Specialist 4

| crew6_up = {{Flagicon|ITA}} Umberto Guidoni

| flights6_up = Second and last

| agency6_up = ESA

| position7 = Mission Specialist 5

| crew7_up = {{Flagicon|RUS}} Yury Lonchakov

| flights7_up = First

| agency7_up = RKA

}}

Mission highlights

The highest priority objectives of the flight were the installation, activation and checkout of the Canadarm2 robotic arm on the station. The arm - manufactured by MDA Space Missions under contract of the Canadian Space Agency and NASA, went into operation on 28 April 2001. It was critical to the capability to continue assembly of the International Space Station.{{Cite web|url=https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/sts100/STS-100-20.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010626201453/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/sts100/STS-100-20.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2001-06-26|title=STS-100 Mission Status Report, #20|website=spaceflight.nasa.gov}} The arm was also necessary to attach a new airlock to the station on the subsequent shuttle flight, mission STS-104. The final component of the Canadarm is the Mobile Base System (MBS), which was installed on board the station during the STS-111 flight.

Other major objectives for Endeavour's mission were to berth the Raffaello logistics module to the station, activate it, transfer cargo between Raffaello and the station, and reberth Raffaello in the shuttle's payload bay. Raffaello is the second of three Italian Space Agency-developed Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, manufactured out of stainless steel at the Cannes Mandelieu Space Center; that were launched to the station. The Leonardo module was launched and returned on the previous shuttle flight, STS-102, in March.

Remaining objectives included the transfer of other equipment to the station such as an Ultra-High Frequency communications antenna and a spare electronics component to be attached to the exterior during space walks. Finally, the transfer of supplies and water for use aboard the station, the transfer of experiments and experiment racks to the complex, and the transfer of items for return to Earth from the station to the shuttle were among the objectives.

Endeavour also boosted the station's altitude and performed a flyaround survey of the complex, including recording views of the station with an IMAX cargo bay camera.

All objectives were completed without incident, and reentry and landing happened uneventfully on 1 May 2001.

During this mission, astronaut Chris Hadfield made the first spacewalk by a Canadian.{{cite book|first=Chris|last=Hadfield|author-link=Chris Hadfield|title=An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth: What Going to Space Taught Me About Ingenuity, Determination, and Being Prepared for Anything|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|location=New York City|year=2013|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780316253017/page/86 86–96]|isbn=978-0-316-25301-7|lccn=2013943519|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780316253017/page/86}}

{{Gallery | File:ISSAfterSTS100.jpg|Illustration of the International Space Station during STS-100

| File:STS100CrewByPhilKonstantin.jpg|STS-100 Crew as they prepare to ride over to the shuttle just hours before the launch

| File:STS100IgnitionByPhilKonstantin.jpg|STS-100's engines ignite

| File:STS100LiftoffByPhilKonstantin.jpg|STS-100 Liftoff

}}

= Crew seat assignments =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! Seat{{Cite web |title=STS-100 |url=http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-100.htm |access-date=September 1, 2024 |publisher=Spacefacts}}

! Launch

! Landing

|rowspan=9| 150px
Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.
Seats 5–8 are on the mid-deck.

1

|colspan=2| Rominger

2

|colspan=2| Ashby

3

| Hadfield

| Guidoni

4

|colspan=2| Phillips

5

|colspan=2| Parazynski

6

| Guidoni

| Hadfield

7

|colspan=2| Lonchakov

Spacewalks

class="wikitable"
style="width: 5em;" | EVA

! style="width:10em;" | Spacewalkers

! style="width: 8em;" | Start (UTC)

! style="width: 8em;" | End

! style="width: 8em;" | Duration

rowspan="2" | EVA 1

| Scott Parazynski
Chris Hadfield

| 22 April 2001
11:45

| 22 April 2001
18:55

| 7 hours 10 minutes

colspan="4" | Parazynski and Hadfield deployed a UHF antenna on the Destiny lab. After that, the pair began installing the Canadarm2. Parazynski and Hadfield encountered a problem ensuring the proper torque was applied to the bolt. The pair switched the Pistol Grip Tool (PGT) to manual mode and attempted again successfully.

Hadfield experienced severe eye irritation during the spacewalk due to the anti-fog solution used to polish his spacesuit visor, temporarily blinding him and forcing him to vent oxygen into space. Other astronauts experienced a similar problem on subsequent spacewalks.

rowspan="2" | EVA 2

| Parazynski
Hadfield

| 24 April 2001
12:34

| 24 April 2001
20:14

| 7 hours 40 minutes

colspan="4" | Connected Power and Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF) circuits for the new arm on Destiny. Removed an early communications antenna and transferred a spare Direct Current Switching Unit (DCSU) from the shuttle's payload bay to an equipment storage rack on the outside of Destiny.

Wake-up calls

NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.{{Cite news|first=Colin|last=Fries|title=Chronology of Wakeup Calls|date=25 June 2007|publisher=NASA|url=https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf|access-date=13 August 2007}}

Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.{{Cite web|url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/audio/shuttle/sts-100/html/ndxpage1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010428061417/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/audio/shuttle/sts-100/html/ndxpage1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 April 2001|title=STS-100 Wakeup Calls|access-date=31 July 2009|publisher=NASA|date=11 May 2009|author=NASA}}

class="wikitable"
Flight Day

! Song

! Artist/Composer

Day 2

| "Then the Morning Comes"

| Smash Mouth

Day 3

| "Danger Zone"

| Kenny Loggins from the soundtrack to Top Gun

Day 4

| "Take It From Day to Day"

| Stan Rogers

Day 5

| "Both Sides Now"

| Judy Collins

Day 6

| "What a Wonderful World"

| Louis Armstrong

Day 7

| "Con te Partirò"

| Andrea Bocelli

Day 8

| "Behind the Fog"

|Russian Folk Singer

Day 9

| "Buckaroo"

| Don Cain

Day 10

| "Dangerous"

| The Arrogant Worms

Day 11

| "Miles From Nowhere"

| Cat Stevens

Day 12

| "Big Arm on his Ship"

| Robinson etc.

Day 13

| "True"

| Spandau Ballet

See also

References

{{reflist}}

=Sources=

{{Include-NASA}}