STS-52
{{Short description|1992 American crewed spaceflight to deploy LAGEOS-2}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = STS-52
| names_list = Space Transportation System-52
| image = Sts052-80-030 lrg.jpg
| image_caption = Columbia{{'}}s payload bay, with the LAGEOS 2 satellite being deployed.
| mission_type = LAGEOS 2 satellite deployment
Microgravity research
| operator = NASA
| mission_duration = {{time interval|October 22, 1992, 17:09:39|November 1, 1992, 14:05:52|show=dhms|sep=,}}
| distance_travelled = {{cvt|6645026|km}}
| orbits_completed = 159
| spacecraft = {{OV|102}}
| launch_mass = {{cvt|113460|kg}}
| payload_mass = {{cvt|8078|kg}}
| crew_size = 6
| crew_members = {{Unbulleted list|Jim Wetherbee|Michael A. Baker|Charles L. Veach|William Shepherd|Tamara E. Jernigan|Steve MacLean}}
| launch_date = {{Start date text|October 22, 1992, 17:09:39|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}UTC (1:09:39{{nbsp}}pm{{nbsp}}EDT){{cite web|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930016804/downloads/19930016804.pdf|title=STS-52 Space Shuttle Mission Report|work=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server|publisher=NASA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422172202/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930016804/downloads/19930016804.pdf|archive-date=April 22, 2021|date=December 1992|access-date=April 22, 2021}} {{PD-notice}}
| launch_site = Kennedy, LC-39B
| launch_contractor = Rockwell International
| landing_date = {{End date text|November 1, 1992, 14:05:53|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}UTC (9:05:53{{nbsp}}am{{nbsp}}EST)
| landing_site = Kennedy, SLF Runway 33
| orbit_reference = Geocentric orbit
| orbit_regime = Low Earth orbit
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|300|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|302|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 28.45°
| orbit_period = 90.60 minutes
| apsis = gee
| instruments = {{ubl|Canadian experiment (CANEX-2)|Chemical Vapor Transport Experiment Heat Pipe Performance Experiment (CVTEHPPE)|Lambda Point Experiment|Low Altitude Conical Earth Sensor (LACES)|Materials Exposure in Low-Earth Orbit (MELEO)|Matériel pour l'Étude des Phénomènes Intéressant la Solidification sur eT en Orbite (MEPHISTO)|Modular Star Sensor (MOSS)|Mission Peculiar Equipment Support Structures (MPESS)|Orbiter Glow (OGLOW-2)|Phase Partitioning in Liquids (PARLIQ)|Queen's University Experiment in Liquid-Metal Diffusion (QUELD)|Physiological Systems Experiment (PSE)|Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS)|Space Adaptation Tests and Observations (SATO)|Shuttle Plume Impingement Experiment (SPIE)|Sun Photospectrometre Earth Atmosphere Measurement (SPEAM-2)|Space Vision System (SVS)|Tank Pressure Control Experiment/Thermal Phenomena (TPCE/TP)|Yaw Earth Sensor (YES)}}
| insignia = Sts-52-patch.png
| insignia_caption = STS-52 mission patch
| crew_photo = Sts-52 crew.jpg
| crew_photo_caption = Back: Baker, Wetherbee and MacLean
Front: Veach, Jernigan and Shepherd
| programme = Space Shuttle program
| previous_mission = STS-47 (50)
| next_mission = STS-53 (52)
}}
STS-52 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission using Space Shuttle Columbia, launched on October 22, 1992.{{cite web|last1=Ryba|first1=Jeanne|title=STS-52|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-52.html|work=Space Shuttle – Mission Archives |publisher=NASA|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422171154/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-52.html|archive-date=April 22, 2021 |date=March 31, 2010|url-status=live}}
Crew
{{Spaceflight crew
| position1 = Commander
| crew1_up = {{flagicon|USA}} Jim Wetherbee
| flights1_up = Second
| position2 = Pilot
| crew2_up = {{flagicon|USA}} Michael A. Baker
| flights2_up = Second
| position3 = Mission Specialist 1
| crew3_up = {{flagicon|USA}} Charles L. Veach
| flights3_up = Second and last
| position4 = Mission Specialist 2
Flight Engineer
| crew4_up = {{flagicon|USA}} William Shepherd
| flights4_up = Third
| position5 = Mission Specialist 3
| crew5_up = {{flagicon|USA}} Tamara E. Jernigan
| flights5_up = Second
| position6 = Payload Specialist 1
| crew6_up = {{flagicon|CAN}} Steve MacLean
| flights6_up = First
| agency6_up = CSA
}}
{{Spaceflight crew
| terminology = Astronaut
| crew = backup
| position6 = Payload Specialist 1
| crew6_up = {{flagicon|CAN}} Bjarni Tryggvason
| agency6_up = CSA
}}
= Crew seat assignments =
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Launch ! Landing |rowspan=8| 150px |
| 1
|colspan=2| Wetherbee |
|---|
| 2
|colspan=2| Baker |
| 3
| Veach | Jernigan |
| 4
|colspan=2| Shepherd |
| 5
| Jernigan | Veach |
| 6
|colspan=2| MacLean |
| 7
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| Unused |
Mission highlights
File:Columbia 180 Turn and Burn - GPN-2000-001875.jpg
Primary mission objectives were deployment of the Laser Geodynamics Satellite 2 (LAGEOS-2) and operation of the U.S. Microgravity Payload-1 (USMP-1). LAGEOS 2, a joint effort between NASA and the Italian Space Agency (ASI), was deployed on day 2 and boosted into an initial elliptical orbit by ASI's Italian Research Interim Stage (IRIS). The spacecraft's apogee kick motor later circularized LAGEOS 2 orbit at its operational altitude of {{cvt|5900|km}}. The USMP-1, activated on day one, included three experiments mounted on two connected Mission Peculiar Equipment Support Structures (MPESS) mounted in the orbiter's cargo bay. USMP-1 experiments were: Lambda Point Experiment; Matériel pour l'Étude des Phénomènes Intéressant la Solidification sur eT en Orbite (MEPHISTO),{{cite book |last1=Chen|first1=Adam|editor1-last=Wallack|editor1-first=William|editor2-last=George|editor2-first=Gonzalez|title=Celebrating 30 years of the space shuttle|year=2012|publisher=NASA|isbn=978-0-16-090202-4 |page=109|url=https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/656773main_ShuttleRetrospectiveBook-ebook.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422182123/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/656773main_ShuttleRetrospectiveBook-ebook.pdf|archive-date=April 22, 2021|access-date=April 22, 2021}} sponsored by the French agency Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES); and Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS).
Secondary payloads: (1) Canadian experiment (CANEX-2), located in both the orbiter's cargo bay and middeck and which consisted of Space Vision System (SVS); Materials Exposure in Low-Earth Orbit (MELEO); Queen's University Experiment in Liquid-Metal Diffusion (QUELD); Phase Partitioning in Liquids (PARLIQ); Sun Photospectrometre Earth Atmosphere Measurement-2 (SPEAM-2); Orbiter Glow-2 (OGLOW-2); and Space Adaptation Tests and Observations (SATO).{{cite web|last1=Chowdhury|first1=Abul A.|title=STS-52|url=https://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/Mission/miss/113|work=Life Sciences Data Archive|publisher=NASA|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422181636/https://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/Mission/miss/113|archive-date=April 22, 2021|date=October 6, 2020|url-status=dead}} A small, specially marked satellite, the Canadian Target Assembly (CTA), was deployed on day nine, to support SVS experiments. (2) ASP, featuring three independent sensors mounted on a Hitchhiker plate in the cargo bay – Modular Star Sensor (MOSS), Yaw Earth Sensor (YES) and Low Altitude Conical Earth Sensor (LACES), all provided by the European Space Agency (ESA).{{cite web|last1=Aceti|first1=R.|last2=Trischberger |first2=M.|last3=Underwood|first3=P. J.|last4=Pomilia|first4=A.|last5=Cosi|first5=M.|last6=Boldrini|first6=F.|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940014699/downloads/19940014699.pdf|title=Attitude Sensor Package|work=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server|publisher=NASA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422181118/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940014699/downloads/19940014699.pdf|archive-date=April 22, 2021|date=October 1, 1993|access-date=April 22, 2021}}
Other middeck payloads: Commercial Materials Dispersion Apparatus Instrument Technology Associates Experiments; Commercial Protein Crystal Growth experiment; Chemical Vapor Transport Experiment Heat Pipe Performance Experiment (CVTEHPPE); Physiological Systems Experiment (PSE) (involving 12 rodents); and Shuttle Plume Impingement Experiment (SPIE). The orbiter also was used as a reference point for calibrating an Ultraviolet Plume Instrument on an orbiting Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) satellite.{{cite web |title=1981-1999 Space Shuttle Mission Chronology |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/167382main_Volume1R.pdf |publisher=NASA |access-date=April 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422180852/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/167382main_Volume1R.pdf |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |url-status=live}}
The Tank Pressure Control Experiment/Thermal Phenomena (TPCE/TP) was contained in a Getaway Special (GAS) canister in the orbiter's cargo bay.{{cite web|last1=Dumoulin|first1=Jim|title=STS-52|url=https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-52/mission-sts-52.html|work=Kennedy Space Center's Science, Technology and Engineering Homepage|publisher=NASA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422180312/https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-52/mission-sts-52.html|archive-date=April 22, 2021|date=June 29, 2001|access-date=April 22, 2021}}
Some of the ashes of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry were also carried aboard the orbiter for the duration of the mission.{{cite web|last1=Goodman|first1=Rebecca |url=https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/podcasting/TWAN_10_19_12.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422175936/https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/podcasting/TWAN_10_19_12.html|title=This Week @ NASA, 23 October 2012|work=NASA Podcasts|publisher=NASA|archive-date=April 22, 2021|date=October 23, 2012|quote=...Columbia also carried to space ashes of Star Trek creator, Gene Roddenberry|access-date=April 22, 2021}}
Wake-up calls
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Project Gemini, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. A special musical track is chosen for each day in space, often by the astronauts' families, to have a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or in reference to the day's planned activities.{{cite web|last1=Fries |first1=Colin|title=Chronology of Wakeup Calls|url=https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf|work=NASA History Division|publisher=NASA|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422182729/https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf|archive-date=April 22, 2021|pages=24–25|date=March 13, 2015|url-status=live}}
| class="wikitable"
! Day ! Song ! Artist/Composer ! Played For |
| Day 2
| Wake Up Columbia | Crow Carroll | |
| Day 3
| Shake, Rattle and Roll | Big Joe Turner | Deployment of LAGEOS-II |
| Day 5
| The World is Waiting for the Sunrise | Les Paul and Mary Ford | |
| Day 6
| Birthday | The Beatles | Mike Baker's 39th Birthday |
| Day 7
| "Hawaiian music" | | |
| Day 8
| Mack the Knife | Bobby Darin | |
| Day 9
| Bang the Drum | Todd Rundgren | |
| Day 10
| Monster Mash | Bobby "Boris" Picket | To celebrate Halloween |
| Day 11
| Notre Dame Victory March | JSC employees & Notre Dame grads | James Wetherbee |
See also
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-52/mission-sts-52.html NASA mission summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422223949/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-52/mission-sts-52.html |date=April 22, 2012 }}
- [http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle51.htm STS-52 Video Highlights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905150911/http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle51.htm |date=September 5, 2015 }}
{{Space Shuttle Columbia}}
{{All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions}}
{{Orbital launches in 1992}}