Saccharomyces kudriavzevii

“Kudriavzevii” was named in honor of VI Kudriavzev, a Russian scientist who worked with yeast taxonomy and ecology, and also played a large role in introducing the wild strain of S. paradoxus into science.

Other names include:

· S. kudriavzevii is the common scientific name

· Pinot Noir yeast

Saccharomyces kudriavzevii was initially isolated from decayed leaf (Kaneko & Banno, 1991) but is often isolated from bark of oak trees.Sampaio, J. P., & Gonçalves, P. (2008). Natural populations of Saccharomyces kudriavzevii in Portugal are associated with oak bark and are sympatric with S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74(7), 2144–52. {{doi|10.1128/AEM.02396-07}}

The species belongs to the Saccharomyces genus and can be isolated from a variety of substrates and is unique in that it cannot live on galactose and is cryotolerant.

It has mainly been isolated from the leaves and bark of oak trees. Optimal growth for many yeasts occurs at 30 – 35 °C, but S. kudriavzevii is adapted to grow at much colder temperatures.Hittinger, C. T. (2013). Saccharomyces diversity and evolution: a budding model genus. Trends in Genetics, 29(5), 309–317. {{doi|10.1016/j.tig.2013.01.002}} Two related wild populations have been found, one in Europe, and one in Asia, but it has never been isolated on other continents.{{Cite journal|last1=Alsammar|first1=Haya|last2=Delneri|first2=Daniela|date=2020-03-20|title=An update on the diversity, ecology and biogeography of the Saccharomyces genus|journal=FEMS Yeast Research|volume=20|issue=3|doi=10.1093/femsyr/foaa013|pmid=32196094|pmc=7150579|issn=1567-1356}}

Many species within the Saccharomyces sensu stricto clade have been found to hybridize with other species, S. kudriavzevii included. In particular, it hybridizes with S. cerevisiae.Belloch, C., Pérez-Torrado, R., González, S. S., JoseE, P.-O., García-Martínez, J., Querol, A., & Barrio, E. (2009). Chimeric genomes of natural hybrids Of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75(8), 2534–2544. {{doi|10.1128/AEM.02282-08}} This hybridization is unique in that it likely resulted from a single hybridization event involving creation of chimeric chromosomes holding some S. kudriavzevii genes and some S. cerevisiae genes.

The hybridization tendencies of S. kudriavzevii have potential for use in investigation regarding yeast evolution, which is commonly used as a model system for evolution in general.Botstein, D., Chervitz, S. a, & Cherry, J. M. (1997). Yeast as a model organism. Science, 277(5330), 1259–1260. {{doi|10.1126/science.277.5330.1259}} Research on S. kudriavzevii has offered insights on how yeast evolve to survive in new environments and also how they hybridize to form new species.

S. kudriavzevii is commonly used in production of alcoholic beverages such as pinot noir wine.Bing, J., Han, P.-J., Liu, W.-Q., Wang, Q.-M., & Bai, F.-Y. (2014). Evidence for a Far East Asian origin of lager beer yeast. Current Biology, 24(10), R380–R381. {{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.031}} It can be hybridized with S. cerevisiae and such hybrids are widely used in traditional Belgian beer brewing.{{Cite journal|last1=Gallone|first1=Brigida|last2=Steensels|first2=Jan|date=2019-10-21|title=Interspecific hybridization facilitates niche adaptation in beer yeast|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|volume=3|issue=11|pages=1562–1575|doi=10.1038/s41559-019-0997-9|pmid=31636425|s2cid=204812486|issn=2397-334X|url=https://zenodo.org/record/3547843/files/Gallone_2019_Last_submission.pdf }}

• Saccharomyces cariocanus
• Saccharomyces mikatae
• Saccharomyces paradoxus

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite journal|last1=Liti|first1=G.|last2=Barton|first2=D. B. H.|last3=Louis|first3=E. J.|title=Sequence Diversity, Reproductive Isolation and Species Concepts in Saccharomyces|journal=Genetics|volume=174|issue=2|year=2006|pages=839–850|issn=0016-6731|doi=10.1534/genetics.106.062166|pmid=16951060|pmc=1602076}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Peris|first1=David|last2=Lopes|first2=Christian A|last3=Belloch|first3=Carmela|last4=Querol|first4=Amparo|last5=Barrio|first5=Eladio|title=Comparative genomics among Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces kudriavzevii natural hybrid strains isolated from wine and beer reveals different origins|journal=BMC Genomics|volume=13|issue=1|year=2012|pages=407|issn=1471-2164|doi=10.1186/1471-2164-13-407|pmid=22906207|pmc=3468397 |doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal|last1=Erny|first1=C.|last2=Raoult|first2=P.|last3=Alais|first3=A.|last4=Butterlin|first4=G.|last5=Delobel|first5=P.|last6=Matei-Radoi|first6=F.|last7=Casaregola|first7=S.|last8=Legras|first8=J. L.|title=Ecological Success of a Group of Saccharomyces cerevisiae/Saccharomyces kudriavzevii Hybrids in the Northern European Wine-Making Environment|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=78|issue=9|year=2012|pages=3256–3265|issn=0099-2240|doi=10.1128/AEM.06752-11|pmid=22344648|pmc=3346444|bibcode=2012ApEnM..78.3256E }}
• {{cite journal|last1=Sampaio|first1=J. P.|last2=Goncalves|first2=P.|title=Natural Populations of Saccharomyces kudriavzevii in Portugal Are Associated with Oak Bark and Are Sympatric with S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=74|issue=7|year=2008|pages=2144–2152|issn=0099-2240|doi=10.1128/AEM.02396-07|pmid=18281431|pmc=2292605|bibcode=2008ApEnM..74.2144S }}

• [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/114524 UniProt entry]
• [http://www.crem.fct.unl.pt/Personal/Ze_Paulo/Saccharomyces/Saccharomyces.htm Lisbon University academic site on Saccharomyces sensu stricto]

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kudriavzevii

Category:Yeasts used in brewing

Category:Fungi described in 2000

Category:Fungus species