Sagallo

{{Infobox settlement

| official_name = Sagallo

| native_name = Сагалло
ساغلو

| settlement_type = Village

| image_skyline = Sagallo russian colony.png

| imagesize = 300

| image_caption = Contemporary engraving showing Sagallo under Nikolai Ashinov's control

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| pushpin_map = Djibouti

| pushpin_label_position = bottom

| pushpin_mapsize = 300

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Djibouti

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_type1 = Prefecture

| subdivision_name = 25px Djibouti

| subdivision_name1 = Tadjourah Region

| subdivision_type2 = Sub-prefecture

| subdivision_name2 = Lac Assal

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| population_as_of = 2024 census

| population_footnotes = [https://www.citypopulation.de/en/djibouti/cities/ Citypopulation.de] Population of Cities & Rural Localities in Djibouti

| population_total = 977

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| coordinates = {{coord|11|40|N|42|44|E|display=inline}}

| elevation_footnotes =

| elevation_m = 21

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Sagallo ({{langx|ru|Сагалло}}; {{langx|ar|ساغلو}}; {{langx|fr|Sagallou}}; {{langx|so|Sagaalo}}) is a village situated on the Gulf of Tadjoura, in the country of Djibouti, famous for having been occupied by a Russian monk and adventurer in 1889.

Name

Whether a coincidence or not, "Sagallo" (or "Sakaro") is one of the lunar months in the Somali calendar.{{cite book | title = A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ | author = John Anthony Hunt | date = 1951 | page = 10 | isbn = }}

History

The Ottoman Empire had loose control over the area from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century.{{cite web | title = Djibouti country profile | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13231761 | work = BBC }} In reality, however, the Afar Sultans of Tadjoura were in control.A Political Chronology of Africa, (Taylor & Francis: 2001), p. 132 {{ISBN|1857431162}}. It was during this time, that Sagallo was visited by the Englishman William Cornwallis Harris on his way to Ankobar, in the year 1841. His assistant surgeon, who wrote the report on the expedition, mentioned that water in the village was abundant in wells.{{cite book | date = 1843 | title = The Journal of the Royal Geographic Society of London |volume= 12 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GVA9AAAAYAAJ | location = United Kingdom | page = 221-222 | isbn = }}

{{Quote box

| width = 25em

| align = left

| title_bg = #B0C4DE

| title = Timeline of Sagallo
Historical affiliations

| fontsize = 80%

| quote = {{Noflag|Tadjoura}} (to 1883)

{{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} France, (French Somaliland and FTAI) 1883–1977

{{flag|Djibouti}}, 1977–present

}}

By the early 1870s, Egypt had been gaining power in the region and, in 1873, the Egyptians occupied Sagallo and other sites on the Gulf of Tadjoura, but their hold didn't last long.{{cite book | date = 2002 | title = Modernity and Culture from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean, 1890--1920 | author = Leila Tarazi Fawaz | page = 65 | isbn = }} In 1884, the Sultan of Tadjoura, Mohammed Loitah, ceded Sagallo to Paul Soleillet of the Société Française d'Obock, forcing the Egyptians to retire.{{cite web |url=http://www.awdalpress.com/index/archives/16528 |title=FRENCH SOMALI COAST 1708 – 1946 FRENCH SOMALI COAST | Awdalpress.com |access-date=19 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609002748/http://www.awdalpress.com/index/archives/16528 |archive-date=9 June 2013}} FRENCH SOMALI COAST Timeline

File:Achinoff full.jpg on Achinov's expedition]]{{Campaignbox Russo-French Wars}}

In 1883, Nikolai Ivanovich Ashinov, a Russian adventurer and burgess of PenzaAlso spelled Ashinov, Achimov, Atchinoff or Atchimoff{{in lang|fr}} [http://collections.bm-lyon.fr/PER0016108 Le cosaque Achinoff] in Le Progrès Illustré (French daily newspaper), March 1, 1891 (b. 1856Ernest A. Wallis Budge, [https://books.google.com/books?id=pVcOAAAAQAAJ&dq=Achinoff&pg=PA525 A history of Ethiopia, Nubia and Abyssinia], Taylor & Francis,1928.) had visited Abyssinia (the Ethiopian Empire) in order to establish clerical and political ties between the two countries. After his return to Russia, Achinov voiced his plans for an 1888 expedition to the Gulf of Tadjoura to establish a settlement, while claiming to be a free Cossack. Achinov assured the participants that Mohammed Loitah had permanently leased him land in the region.{{cite web|url=http://a-pesni.org/istor/a-achinov.htm?q=a-pesni/istor/a-achinov.htm|title=Neva,2001, №8, p. 217-220|accessdate=15 July 2014}} It was purely on his own initiative, and without the involvement of the Russian government, that on 10 December 1888, Achinov along with 165 Terek Cossacks boarded the Kornilov, a ship heading from Odessa to Alexandria. The expedition then boarded the Lazarev which brought them to Port Said. There, Achinov rented the Austrian ship Amfitrida, which entered the Gulf of Tadjoura on 6 January 1889. The expedition was greeted by a group of Ethiopian priests.{{cite web|url=http://a-pesni.org/istor/a-achinov.htm?q=a-pesni/istor/a-achinov.htm|title=Neva,2001, №8, p. 217-220|accessdate=15 July 2014}} The French foreign office demanded an explanation of Achinov's actions and the Russian ambassador in Paris distanced the Russian Empire from him. On January 14, the abandoned Egyptian fort of Sagallo was chosen as the new base of the expedition. Achinov named the fort "New Moscow" ({{langx|ru|Новая Москва|label=none|Novaya Moskva}}). A tent was erected to serve as the church of St. Nicholas and a flag of the expedition was raised.{{cite web|url=http://a-pesni.org/istor/a-achinov.htm?q=a-pesni/istor/a-achinov.htm|title=Neva,2001, №8, p. 217-220|accessdate=15 July 2014}}

Later, several colonists escaped to Obock, informing the French of the settlement's whereabouts. On 5 February, the Cossacks noticed a French cruiser and three French gunboats. An ultimatum was issued, but Achinov misunderstood it and did not surrender. The artillery barrage that followed came as a complete surprise for the Russians, leaving 6 colonists dead and 22 wounded.{{cite web|url=http://militera.lib.ru/bio/lunochkin_av_ashinov/07.html|title=Lunochkiv|language=ru|accessdate=16 July 2014}}

In 1977, after three referendums, the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas finally became independent from France as the newly formed country of Djibouti.Kevin Shillington, Encyclopedia of African history, (CRC Press: 2005), p.360.Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p. 322 {{ISBN|0-19-829645-2}} By this point, the water had become scarce, and the community of Sagallo used generators to run water pumps, even though it often fell short of raising enough cash to purchase diesel to power the generators. In the early 21st century, however, a UNICEF-backed project installed solar panels on a hill to power a submersible pump that now delivers the water whenever needed.{{cite web | title = Sagallou: innovating for children | url = https://medium.com/@unicef.dji/sagallou-innovating-for-children-17c7bf545393 | date = 15 May 2017 }}

Climate

{{Weather box

|location = Sagallo

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|Jan high C = 29.2

|Feb high C = 29.4

|Mar high C = 31.4

|Apr high C = 33.5

|May high C = 36.5

|Jun high C = 40.1

|Jul high C = 41.8

|Aug high C = 40.8

|Sep high C = 38.0

|Oct high C = 34.2

|Nov high C = 31.5

|Dec high C = 29.9

|Jan low C = 20.2

|Feb low C = 23.2

|Mar low C = 24.6

|Apr low C = 26.2

|May low C = 28.8

|Jun low C = 31.7

|Jul low C = 31.0

|Aug low C = 30.5

|Sep low C = 30.8

|Oct low C = 26.5

|Nov low C = 24.1

|Dec low C = 21.0

|Jan precipitation mm = 10

|Feb precipitation mm = 8

|Mar precipitation mm = 12

|Apr precipitation mm = 13

|May precipitation mm = 7

|Jun precipitation mm = 1

|Jul precipitation mm = 6

|Aug precipitation mm = 20

|Sep precipitation mm = 9

|Oct precipitation mm = 11

|Nov precipitation mm = 22

|Dec precipitation mm = 15

|source 1 = Climate-Data.org{{cite web|title=Climate: Sagallo – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=https://en.climate-data.org/location/930119/|work=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=29 November 2017}}

}}

Sagallo

Name

History

Climate

See also

References

Further reading