Sage Publishing

File:Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California]]

SAGE was founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller (later Sara Miller McCune){{Cite web |title=Sara Miller McCune: Executive Profile & Biography |work=Bloomberg.com |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=32832356&privcapId=1531155 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181117023837/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=32832356&privcapId=1531155 |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=2018-01-08}} with Macmillan Inc. executive George D. McCune as a mentor;{{cite web |title=The SAGE Story |work=StudySites.SAGEpub.com |publisher=SAGE Publishing |url= http://studysites.sagepub.com/repository/binaries/pdf/SAGE-Story-Book.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181119102310/https://studysites.sagepub.com/repository/binaries/pdf/SAGE-Story-Book.pdf |archive-date=November 19, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=November 19, 2018}} the name of the company is an acronym formed from the first letters of their given names. SAGE relocated to Southern California in 1966, after Miller and McCune married; McCune left Macmillan to formally join the company at that time. Sara Miller McCune remained president for 18 years, shifting to board chairmen in 1984 (and still retains the title of executive chairman). The couple continued to develop the company together until George McCune's death in 1990.{{cite journal |title=In Memoriam George D. McCune 1924–1990 |journal=Journal of Conflict Resolution |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=587 |date=December 1, 1990 |doi=10.1177/0022002790034004001 |s2cid=220985633 }}

In 2008, SAGE along with two other companies, sued Georgia State University for alleged copyright infringement due to faculty providing excerpts of materials to students.{{Cite web |last=Albanese |first=Andrew |date=2020-10-02 |title=Publishers Escape Fee Award as GSU E-Reserves Case Finally Ends |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/84514-publishers-escape-fee-award-as-gsu-e-reserves-case-finally-ends.html |access-date=2021-07-02 |website=Publishers Weekly |language=en |archive-date=2020-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106174645/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/84514-publishers-escape-fee-award-as-gsu-e-reserves-case-finally-ends.html |url-status=live}} The case concluded in 2020 with the publishing companies losing.

In 2018, SAGE reported a mean 2017 gender pay gap of 13.1% for its UK workforce, while the median was 10.3%.{{cite web|access-date=2019-08-11|title=Four more academic publishers reveal gender pay gaps|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/tf-wiley-sage-and-cup-reveal-gender-pay-gap-data-759561 |date=Mar 28, 2018 |first1=Natasha |last1=Onwuemezi |website=The Bookseller |archive-date=2019-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811075435/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/tf-wiley-sage-and-cup-reveal-gender-pay-gap-data-759561|url-status=live}}

In 2018, SAGE acquired Lean Library, a browser extension and discovery service,{{cite journal|first1=Christine L.|last1=Ferguson|title=Leaning Into Browser Extensions|url=https://works.bepress.com/christine-l-ferguson/49/|journal=Serials Review|year=2019 |pages=51–56|volume=45|issue=1–2|doi=10.1080/00987913.2019.1624909|s2cid=196180087 |access-date=2023-01-27|archive-date=2023-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127182526/https://works.bepress.com/christine-l-ferguson/49/|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}} which then faced opposition by part of the academic community for being owned by a for-profit, as opposed to open data, open source and non-profit products like Unpaywall which facilitates usage of open access works.{{cite web|first1=Maria|last1=Angelaki|access-date=2020-04-25|title=Searching Open Access: steps towards improving discovery of OA in a less than 100% OA world|website=Unlocking Research|url=https://unlockingresearch-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=2651|date=2019-10-21|quote=One area of concern is the ownership of Lean by SAGE Publications, in contrast to the ownership say of Unpaywall as a project of the open-source ImpactStory, and what this means for users’ privacy. The concerns are shared by other libraries implementing Lean.|archive-date=2020-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719071938/https://unlockingresearch-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=2651|url-status=live}}

SAGE Publishing was a founding member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) when it was established in 2008.{{cite news |last=Brynko |first=Barbara |title=Simqu: Leading the Change at SAGE Publications |work=Information Today |date=June 2011 |url= http://www.infotoday.com/it/jun11/Simqu-Leading-the-Change-at-SAGE-Publications.shtml |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172210/http://www.infotoday.com/it/jun11/Simqu-Leading-the-Change-at-SAGE-Publications.shtml |archive-date=October 13, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=23 April 2014}} In November 2013, OASPA reviewed SAGE's membership after the Journal of International Medical Research accepted a false and intentionally flawed paper created and submitted by a reporter for the journal Science as part of a "sting" to test the effectiveness of the peer-review processes of open access journals {{crossref| (see Who's Afraid of Peer Review?)}}.{{cite news |last=Malakoff |first=David |title=Open-Access Group Sanctions Three Publishers After Science 'Sting' |work=Science Insider |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science |date=November 11, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181014053103/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/11/open-access-group-sanctions-three-publishers-after-science-sting |url= https://www.science.org/content/article/open-access-group-sanctions-three-publishers-after-science-sting |archive-date=October 14, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=April 23, 2014}} SAGE's membership was reinstated at the end of the six month review period following changes to the journal's editorial processes.{{cite news |last=Shaffi |first=Sarah |title=OASPA reinstates Sage membership |work=The Bookseller |date=April 29, 2014 |url= http://www.thebookseller.com/news/oaspa-reinstates-sage-membership.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181014053025/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/oaspa-reinstates-sage-membership |archive-date=October 14, 2018 |url-status=dead |access-date=April 29, 2014}}

In September 2024, Lucina Uddin, a neuroscience professor at UCLA, sued Sage Publishing along with five other academic journal publishers in a proposed class-action lawsuit, alleging that the publishers violated antitrust law by agreeing not to compete against each other for manuscripts and by denying scholars payment for peer review services.{{Cite news |last=Scarcella |first=Mike |date=2024-09-13 |title=Academic publishers face class action over 'peer review' pay, other restrictions |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/academic-publishers-face-class-action-over-peer-review-pay-other-restrictions-2024-09-13/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240914212841/https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/academic-publishers-face-class-action-over-peer-review-pay-other-restrictions-2024-09-13/ |archive-date=2024-09-14 |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=Reuters}}{{Cite web |last=Abdur-Rahman |first=Sulaiman |date=2024-09-13 |title='Illegal Conspiracy'?: EDNY Antitrust Class Action Challenges Publishers' Unpaid Peer Review Rule |url=https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2024/09/13/illegal-conspiracy-edny-antitrust-class-action-challenges-publishers-unpaid-peer-review-rule/?slreturn=20240815103952 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913230833/https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2024/09/13/illegal-conspiracy-edny-antitrust-class-action-challenges-publishers-unpaid-peer-review-rule/ |archive-date=2024-09-13 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=New York Law Journal |language=en}}

An academic fraud, that impacted journals published by Sage Publishing, particularly the Journal of Vibration and Control (JVC), was uncovered in July 2014 following a 14-month internal investigation by Sage, which revealed a fake peer-review scam involving hundreds of fraudulent and assumed identities.{{Cite web |title=Updated: Lax reviewing practice prompts 60 retractions at SAGE journal |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/updated-lax-reviewing-practice-prompts-60-retractions-sage-journal |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=www.science.org |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2021-11-17 |title=What you need to know about hijacked journals |url=https://www.editage.com/insights/what-you-need-to-know-about-hijacked-journals?refer=scroll-to-5-article&refer-type=article |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=Editage Insights |language=en}}

The scam was orchestrated mainly by Peter Chen, a physicist at the National Pingtung University of Education (NPUE) in Taiwan. Chen used fake identities and Gmail accounts to pose as university-based scientists, manipulating the peer-review process to ensure favorable reviews for submissions. The scam involved creating a network of papers where the same small group of authors reviewed each other's work and appeared together as co-authors. This practice, known as a "peer review ring," allowed Chen to publish numerous articles with minimal scrutiny. The lack of vetting and the lax editorial policy at JVC, which allowed authors to nominate preferred reviewers without adequate verification, facilitated the scam.

The discovery of the scam led to the retraction of 60 research articles published over four years in JVC. The retractions were a result of Sage's investigation, which found that the authors and reviewers involved in the scam did not respond to verification requests. The Education Minister of Taiwan, Chiang Wei-ling, was also implicated as his name appeared on several of the retracted papers, leading to his resignation.{{Cite web |title=Education minister resigns over research fraud scandal |url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20140714143140161 |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=University World News |language=en}} Sage subsequently claimed to have taken steps to ensure compliance with the highest standards of peer review and publication, including conducting additional reviews of their guidance to editors and authors.{{Cite web |date=2015-05-05 |title=Sage Editorial Policies |url=https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/sage-editorial-policies |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=SAGE Publications Ltd |language=en}}

{{Incomplete list|date=June 2020}}

Sage is a trading name of

• Sage Publications Inc,
• Sage Publications Ltd,
• Sage Publications India PVT LTD,
• Sage Publications Asia‐Pacific PTE LTD

{{Incomplete list|date=June 2020}}

SAGE has acquired a number of other companies, including:

• Pion Limited, founded in 1959 by Adam Gelbtuch and John Ashby, was the publisher of four journals in the Environment and Planning series. SAGE acquired Pion in May 2015.{{cite news|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/sage-acquires-pion|first=Caroline|last=Carpenter|title=SAGE acquires Pion|work=The Bookseller|date=2015-05-28|access-date=2020-06-10|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182525/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/sage-acquires-pion|url-status=dead }}
• Global Village Publishing, which develops software and services for electronic publishing, was acquired by SAGE in May 2018.{{cite news|url=https://hub.londonbookfair.co.uk/stm-publishing-newsletter-may-2018/ |publisher=The Hub by The London Book Fair |title=In Other News|work=STM Publishing Newsletter|date=May 2018|access-date=2020-06-10|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182225/https://hub.londonbookfair.co.uk/stm-publishing-newsletter-may-2018/|url-status=live}}
• Talis Group, an educational technology company that developed the learning management system Talis Aspire, was acquired by SAGE in August 2018.{{cite news|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/sage-buys-technology-company-talis-847456|first=Benedicte|last=Page|title=SAGE buys technology company Talis|work=The Bookseller|date=2018-08-16|access-date=2020-06-10|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182902/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/sage-buys-technology-company-talis-847456|url-status=live}}
• Mary Ann Liebert, which publishes more than 100 peer-reviewed journals in biotechnology and life sciences.{{cite news |last1=Cochran |first1=Angela |title=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., and Sage Forge a New Relationship |url=https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2025/01/16/mary-ann-liebert-inc-and-sage-forge-a-new-relationship/ |work=The Scholarly Kitchen |date=16 January 2025}}{{cite news |title=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers {{!}} News |url=https://home.liebertpub.com/news/sage-acquires-the-scientific-and-medical-publisher-mary-ann-liebert-inc/5145 |work=home.liebertpub.com}}

• Improving Schools, academic journal that covers education
• Journal of Developing Societies, academic journal that covers development

• Journals published by SAGE

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Category:Publishing companies established in 1965

Category:Academic publishing companies

Category:Book publishing companies based in California

Category:Companies based in Thousand Oaks, California

Category:1965 establishments in New York City

Category:American companies established in 1965