Sahiwal cattle
{{Short description|Pakistani/Indian breed of cattle}}
{{infobox cattle breed
| name = Sahiwal
| image = Sahiwala 02 (cropped).JPG
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image2 =
| image_size2 =
| image_alt2 =
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| status = {{ubl|FAO (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|p=145}}|DAD-IS (2025): not at risk{{r|dad1|dad2}}}}
| altname = {{ubl|Lambi Bar|Lola|Montgomery|Ravi|Teli{{r|nddb|dad1}}}}
| country = {{ubl|India|Pakistan}}
| distribution = 27 countries in 4 continents
| standard =
| use = {{ubl|dairy|meat|draught}}
| weight =
| maleweight = average 544 kg{{r|dad1}}
| femaleweight = average 408 kg{{r|dad1}}
| height =
| maleheight = 170 cm{{r|dad1}}
| femaleheight = 130 cm{{r|dad1}}
| skincolour =
| coat = reddish dun
| horn = horned
| subspecies = indicus
| note =
}}
The Sahiwal is a breed of zebuine cattle indigenous to the Indian Subcontinent. It is named after Sahiwal District of the Punjab province of present-day Pakistan,{{r|nddb}} and is distributed mainly in that province of Pakistan and in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan.
History
The Sahiwal has been exported to many countries. These include: Burundi, the Comoros, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Mali, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, the Seychelles and Uganda in Africa; Bangladesh, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Viet Nam in Asia: Australia and New Zealand in Oceania; and Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Jamaica, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago and Zambia in America.{{r|dad0|ilri}} Seven countries have reported population data in recent years, and from this the world population is estimated to be about {{val|4.25|u=million}};{{r|dad0}} Pakistan has not reported population numbers since 2006, when the total herd numbered over {{val|2.75|u=million}} head.{{r|dad1}} The large numbers reported may include cross-bred as well as pure-bred stock.{{r|cabi|p=288}}
Characteristics
The Sahiwal is of small to medium size:{{r|felius|p=386}} in Pakistan, average body weights are {{val|544|u=kg}} for bulls and {{val|408|u=kg}} for cows, while heights at the withers are {{val|170|u=cm}} and {{val|130|u=cm}} respectively;{{r|dad1}} in India cows are reported to be considerably smaller, with an average weight of {{val|327|u=kg}} and withers height of {{val|124|u=cm}}.{{r|dad2}} The coat is a reddish dun, sometimes with white markings.{{r|nddb}} In bulls, the hump is large and may lean to the side; the crown of the head is domed, particularly in bulls; and the horns are small.{{r|cabi|p=288}} It is a heat-tolerant cattle breed.{{r|ht}}
Use
It is a triple-purpose breed, reared for its milk, for its meat and for draught work.{{r|felius|p=386}} It has been much used for cross-breeding, often with European dairy breeds such as the Friesian and Jersey.{{r|cabi|p=288}} It has contributed to the development of a number of other breeds, among them the Australian Friesian Sahiwal or Australian Frieswal, the Australian Milking Zebu, the Australian Sahiwal, the Frieswal, the Jamaica Hope, the Karan Swiss, the Kenya Sahiwal, the Mpwapwa and the Quasah.{{r|mason|p=101|felius|p2=586}}
References
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{{Cattle breeds of India}}
{{Cattle breeds of Pakistan}}
Category:Cattle breeds originating in India
Category:Cattle breeds originating in Pakistan
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