Saib Shawkat
{{Short description|Iraqi doctor and politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Saib Shawkat
| native_name = {{nobold|صائب شوكت}}
| native_name_lang = ar
| image = Saib shawkat.jpg
| caption = Shawkat before his death
| imagesize =
| birth_date = 1898
| birth_place = Baghdad, Ottoman Iraq, Ottoman Empire
| death_date = 13 February 1984 (aged 85–86)
| relatives = Naji Shawkat (brother)
| party = Nadi al-Muthanna
}}
Saib Shawkat ({{langx|ar|صائب شوكت}}; 1898 – 13 February 1984) was an Iraqi doctor and politician who was an Arab nationalist leader in Iraq.
Medical career
He was from an upscale patriotic Baghdadian family of Georgian origin and studied at a medical school in Istanbul 1913–1918, completing post-graduate studies in general surgery in Germany. Shawkat was the first Iraqi doctor to teach anatomy at the Iraqi Royal College of Medicine of which he became the dean later in the 1940s.{{cite web
| last =Joseph E.
| first =Katz
| title =Middle Eastern Political and Religious History Analyst, http://www.midrash.org/articles/farhud/
| url =http://www.middleeast.org/forum/fb-public/1/1419.shtml
| accessdate =February 10, 2009
| archive-date =February 23, 2020
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200223104430/http://www.middleeast.org/forum/fb-public/1/1419.shtml
| url-status =dead
}}
He was one of the pioneers in general surgery in Iraq,saib shawkat, https://web.archive.org/web/20091021085404/http://geocities.com/akramjfr/saibshawkat.html serving as Director General of Baghdad Hospital in the 1930s.{{cite book |title=British documents on foreign affairs : reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. Part II, From the First to the Second world war. Series B, Turkey, Iran, and the Middle-East, 1918-1939. Vol. 13 Eastern affairs, December 1937-September 1939 |last=Bidwell |author-link=Robin Leonard Bidwell |first=Robin Leonard |author2=Kenneth Bourne |author3=Donald Cameron Watt |year=1986 |publisher=University Publications of America |isbn=978-0-89093-603-0 |page=302}} In 1932 he became a founding committee member of the Iraqi Red Crescent Society.{{cite news |work=Red Cross World |publisher=League of Red Cross Societies |year=1932 |volume=13 |page=165}}
He attended King Ghazi after the car accident preceding his death.{{cite journal |last=Elliot |first=Matthew |date=Autumn 1996 |title=The death of king Ghazi: Iraqi politics, Britain and Kuwait in 1939 |journal=Contemporary British History |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=63–81 |doi=10.1080/13619469608581405}}
Politics
Shawkat led the Arab nationalist Nadi al-Muthanna{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Iraq|last=Ghareeb|first=Edmund|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000ghar|url-access=registration|quote=saib shawkat.|isbn=978-0-8108-4330-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000ghar/page/167 167]}} and advocating the expulsion of Jews from Iraq.{{cite book|title=British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. Part II, From the First to the Second world war. Series B, Turkey, Iran, and the Middle-East, 1918-1939. Vol. 13 Eastern affairs, December 1937-September 1939|last=Bidwell|author-link=Robin Leonard Bidwell|first=Robin Leonard|author2=Kenneth Bourne|author3=Donald Cameron Watt|year=1986|publisher=University Publications of America|isbn=978-0-89093-603-0|page=146}} Such claims about Dr. Shwakat's attitude toward Jews are contradicted by his personal heroism in defending Jewish patients at the Baghdad hospital where he worked.
Hayim Habousha in his account of the pogrom (Farhud) writes:
On June 1, 1941, Dr. Saib Shawkat, Dean of the Baghdad Medical College, chief of surgery and administrator of Baghdad Central Hospital entered the surgery ward and scrubbed his hands getting ready to operate. Doctors and nurses standing idly by, had no option but to follow his example. In a few hours, all patients (mostly Jews) were attended to and moved into clean beds.When Jewish nurses reported threats of rape by Iraqi wounded officers being treated at the hospital, Dr. Shawkat sent the officers to their beds and warned on the megaphone that anyone disobeying his order would be shot by him with two guns at his belt. There was no argument--everyone obeyed.Hayim Habousha, "The Frahud," Midrash Ben Ish Hai,http://www.midrash.org/articles/farhud/. Quoted in Gilbert Achcar's "The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives." Translated by G. M. Goshgarian, Metropolitan Books. New York: 2010.
Family
Saib Shawkat was the brother of politician Naji Shawkat, who served as Prime Minister of Iraq from 1932 to 1933.{{cite journal |last=Marmorstein |first=Entile |date=July 1987 |title=Fritz Grobba |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=376–378 |doi=10.1080/00263208708700713}}