Saihanba National Forest Park

{{Infobox park

| name = Saihanba National Forest Park

| photo = Saihanba park.jpg

| photo_width =

| photo_caption = Entrance of Saihanba National Forest Park.

| map = China Hebei

| map_caption = Location of the park within Hebei province.

| coords = {{coord|42.481691|N|117.274557|E|type:landmark_region:China|format=dms|display=title,inline}}

| type = Public park, State park

| location = Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County, Chengde, Hebei, China

| nearest_city =

| area = {{convert|200.29|km2|adj=on}}

| created = {{Start date|1962}}

| operator = Hebei government

| visitation_num =

| visitation_year =

| visitation_ref =

| open = All year

| camp_sites =

| hiking_trails =

| other_info =

| website = {{Url|http://www.saihanba.com.cn/}}

}}

Saihanba National Forest Park ({{zh|s=塞罕坝国家森林公园|t=塞罕壩國家森林公園|p=Sàihǎnbà Guójiā Sēnlín Gōngyuán}}) is a national forest park located in Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County, Chengde, Hebei, China, with Inner Mongolian Plateau standing in the northwest, covering an area of {{convert|200.29|km2|adj=on}}.{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-08/05/c_136502252.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805183232/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-08/05/c_136502252.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 5, 2017 |title=China Focus: From a single tree to a forest -- Saihanba's story |newspaper=Xinhuanet |date=2017-08-05 }} Established in 1962, this is a multifunctional botanical park integrating scientific research, plant species collection and display as well as tourism. Saihanba is often called "the Green Lung of north China".

History

In the Liao (907-1125) and Jin dynasties (1115-1234), Saihanba was a hunting-field for the imperial household.

In 1681, Kangxi Emperor (1654-1722) set the Mulan Paddock ({{zh|s=木兰围场|t=木蘭圍場|p=}}; {{lang-mnc|ᠮᡠᡵᠠᠨ ‍ᡳ ᡝᠠᠪᠠ|v=muran i aba}}) in the area.

In 1863, the Qing government allows farmers to reclaim land here, forests and wetlands were beginning to disappear. Saihanba became a barren desert. Then sandstorms plague Beijing, Tianjin and other northern China cities.

In 1962, in order to put an end to the sandstorms, the State Forestry Administration set the Saihanba Mechanical Forest Farm here. Then the first generation of tree-planters came here, they tried to green the barren desert and turn it into an oasis.

In May 1993, it was designated as a "National Forest Park".

In 2000, it has been categorized as a 5A level tourist site by the China National Tourism Administration.

In May 2007, the park was rated as a "National Nature Reserves" by the State Council of China.

On December 5, 2017, the Saihanba Afforestation Community won the honor of Champions of the Earth in the category of Inspiration and Action due to its efforts to transform degraded land into a lush paradise, the highest environmental honor provided by the United Nations Environment Programme.{{cite news|url= http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/05/c_136803134.htm|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171205173840/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/05/c_136803134.htm|url-status= dead|archive-date= December 5, 2017|title=China's Saihanba Afforestation Community wins UN's top environmental honor |newspaper=Xinhuanet |date= 2017-12-05}}

Geography

=Climate=

The Saihanba National Forest Park is in the cold temperate monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of {{convert|1.3|C}}, the snow season in Saihanba lasts for about 7 months each year. The earliest recorded snowfall has been in August, and the latest in June.

Natural history

There are more than 618 species and 312 genera vascular plants cultivated in the park, including Eleutherococcus gracilistylus, Astragalus propinquus, Glycine, and Agropyron.{{cite book |language=zh|author=Liu Chunyan |script-title=zh:《塞罕坝森林植物图谱》|trans-title=Collection of Illustrative Plates of Saihanba Forest |year=2010 |publisher=China Forestry Publishing House |isbn=9787503858512 }}

Within the boundaries of the park, the following number of species are known to live: 261 species of mammals, 39 species of birds, 32 species of fish, and about 660 species of insects.{{cite book |language=zh|author=Hou Jianhua |script-title=zh:《塞罕坝动物志》|trans-title=Zoography of Saihanba |year=2011 |publisher=Science Press |isbn=9787030287472 }}