Sakhalin sturgeon
{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Sakhalin sturgeon
| image = Acipenser mikadoi.jpg
| image_caption = Illustration
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = {{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}
| genus = Sinosturio
| species = mikadoi
| authority = (Hilgendorf, 1892)
| synonyms = * Acipenser mikadoi Hilgendorf, 1892
}}
The Sakhalin sturgeon or Mikado sturgeon (Sinosturio mikadoi){{Cof genus|genus=Sinosturio|access-date=28 May 2025}} is a species of fish in the family Acipenseridae. It is found in Japan and Russia.
Taxonomy
Prior to 2025, it was placed in the genus Acipenser. However, this placement was long known to be paraphyletic. In 2025, it was moved to the revived genus Sinosturio.{{Cite journal |last=Brownstein |first=Chase D. |last2=Near |first2=Thomas J. |date=2025-04-25 |title=Toward a Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Sturgeons (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae) |url=https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-peabody-museum-of-natural-history/volume-66/issue-1/014.066.0101/Toward-a-Phylogenetic-Taxonomy-of-Sturgeons-Acipenseriformes-Acipenseridae/10.3374/014.066.0101.full |journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History |volume=66 |issue=1 |doi=10.3374/014.066.0101 |issn=0079-032X}}
Environment
The Sakhalin sturgeon is known to be found in either a marine or freshwater environment within demersal depth range. This species is found in brackish waters. They are also native to a tropical climate.{{cite web|title=Acipenser mikadoi Hilgendorf, 1892 Sakhalin sturgeon|url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/9762|publisher=Fish Base|access-date=2 August 2013}}
Size
Biology
The Sakhalin sturgeon is considered to be a species that migrates up the river from the sea in order to spawn. During the months of April to May, the Sakhalin sturgeon feeds in the freshwater and then returns to the ocean during the summer.{{cite web|title=Acipenser mikadoi – Overview Sakhalin Sturgeon|url=http://eol.org/pages/218091/overview|publisher=Encyclopedia of Life|access-date=2 August 2013}}
The Sakhalin sturgeon (Acipenser mikadoi), which lives in the Amur River basin in China and Russia, and the green sturgeon (A. medirostris), which lives along the Pacific coast of North America, are two different species of sturgeon. Despite their geographical isolation, these two species may have had a recent common ancestor due to the similarities in their mitochondrial genomes.{{cite journal|title=The low level of differences between mitogenomes of the Sakhalin sturgeon Acipenser mikadoi Hilgendorf, 1892 and the green sturgeon A. medirostris Ayeres, 1854 (Acipenseridae) indicates their recent divergence|year=2017 |doi=10.1134/S1063074017020080 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1063074017020080|access-date=15 March 2023 |last1=Shedko |first1=S. V. |journal=Russian Journal of Marine Biology |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=176–179 |bibcode=2017RuJMB..43..176S |s2cid=255008029 |url-access=subscription }}
Identification
File:RR5109-0045R Cахалинский осетр.gif
The Sakhalin sturgeon is recorded to be the colors of olive-green and dark green. Its sides have a yellowish white color and it includes an olive green stripe. The bottom lip of this species is split into two.{{cite web|title=Sakhalin Sturgeon|url=http://www.pond-life.me.uk/sturgeon/acipensermikadoi.php|publisher=Pond Life|access-date=2 August 2013}}
Distribution
The Sakhalin sturgeon is commonly found in the areas of Northwest Pacific, Bering Sea, Tumnin or Datta river, northern Japan, and Korea. This species currently spawns persistently in the Tumnin River.
Threats
The threats that are affecting the population of the Sakhalin sturgeon include illegal poaching, trawling, accidental bycatch, pollution, and construction of dams.{{cite iucn |author=Mugue, N. |date=2010 |title=Acipenser mikadoi |volume=2010 |page=e.T241A13045375 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T241A13045375.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}
Currently, the species' population is significantly decreasing and is on the brink of extinction.{{cite journal |last1=Turanov |first1=Sergei |title=Development of a set of oligonucleotides for the identification of the Sakhalin sturgeon Acipenser mikadoi Hilgendorf, 1892 by PCR |journal=ARPHA Conference Abstracts |date=2021 |volume=4 |doi=10.3897/aca.4.e65013 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/4600068 |access-date=23 July 2021|doi-access=free }}
Taxonomy
According to recent genetic data,{{Cite journal |last=Shedko |first=Sergei |date=2017-05-04 |title=The Low Level of Differences between Mitogenomes of the Sakhalin Sturgeon Acipenser mikadoi Hilgendorf, 1892 and the Green Sturgeon A. medirostris Ayeres, 1854 (Acipenseridae) Indicates their Recent Divergence |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316427866 |journal=Russian Journal of Marine Biology |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=176–179 |doi=10.1134/S1063074017020080 |bibcode=2017RuJMB..43..176S |s2cid=255008029 }} the differences between the mitogenomes of the Sakhalin sturgeon (Sinosturio mikadoi) and the Green sturgeon (Sinosturio medirostris) to correspond to the variability at the intraspecific level. The time since the divergence of the Sakhalin sturgeon and the Green sturgeon may be approximately 160,000 years.{{Cn|date=March 2021}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Sources
{{Chondrostei}}
{{Acipenseriformes|state=expanded}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1842196}}
Category:Critically endangered fish
Category:Critically endangered biota of Asia
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot