Sakir-Har

Sakir-Har is attested by a single inscription on a doorjamb excavated at Tell el-Dab'a—ancient Avaris—by Manfred Bietak in the 1990s.{{sfn|Bietak|Hein|1994|pp=151–152|loc=see also fig. no. 126}}

The doorjamb, now in Cairo under the catalog number Cairo TD-8316, bears his partial royal titulary in the manner of the Ancient Egyptian, showing his Nebti and Golden Falcon names, as well as his nomen.{{sfn|Ryholt|1997|p=120}} The doorjamb reads

{{cquote|[Horus who... ...], The possessor of the Wadjet and Nekhbet diadems who subdues the bow people. The Golden Falcon who establishes his boundary. The heka-khawaset, Sakir-Har.{{sfn|Ryholt|1997|p=123}}{{sfn|Booth|2005|p=31}}}}

The doorjamb confirms the identity of Sakir-Har as one of the kings of the Hyksos Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt. His immediate successor could have been the powerful Hyksos ruler, Khyan, if he was the third Hyksos king of this dynasty, although Sakir-Har's precise position within this dynasty has not yet been established firmly. The name Sakir-Har may translate as "Reward of Har",{{sfn|Ryholt|1997|pp=127–128}} or may alternatively derive from the Amorite Sikru-Haddu meaning "The memory of Hadad",{{sfn|Bietak|2007|p=753}} in which case Sakir-Har may have reigned after Khyan and Yanassi and immediately before Apophis.

The fact that Sakir-Har bears an Egyptian titulary as well as the title of heka-khawaset (Hyksos) suggests that the line of kings to which Sakir-Har belongs may have deliberately taken this title for themselves as had been proposed earlier by scholars, including Donald Redford.{{sfn|Redford|1970|p=13}} Bietak shared this opinion, writing that "although this new term [heka-khawaset] perhaps was originally applied by the Egyptians in a disparaging way to the new rulers of the land, the rulers themselves employed ‘Hyksos’ as an official ruler's title".{{sfn|Bietak|1996|p=113}} Research has since then refuted the idea that the Egyptians originated the term, further proving that the title of heka-khawaset, "Ruler of Foreign Lands", was invented by the Hyksos rulers{{sfn|Candelora|2017|p=204}} possibly to emphasize their origins or, more explicitly, their Amorite affiliation.{{sfn|Candelora|2017|p=216}}

Schneider (2018) points to a late Hyksos tradition which may refer to Śkrhr in the demotic Papyrus Carlsberg 642 which mentions an impious ruler Saker.Quack equates Saker with SalatisSchneider 2006:193 n. 122Schneider 2018:277

{{reflist}}

:{{cite book|last=Booth|first=Charlotte|title=The Hyksos period in Egypt|publisher=Princes Risborough|location=Shire|series=Shire Egyptology|volume=27|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srQmRwVozvkC&pg=PA31|isbn=9780747806387}}

:{{cite journal|last=Bietak|first=Manfred|title=Où est le palais des Hyksôs ? À propos des fouilles à Tell el-Dabca et 'Ezbet Helmi|language=French|journal=Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres|year=2007|pages=749–780}}

:{{cite journal|last=Candelora|first=Danielle|year=2017|title=Defining the Hyksos: A Reevaluation of the Title HqA xAswt and Its Implications for Hyksos Identity|journal=Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt|volume=53|doi=10.5913/jarce.53.2017.a010|pages=203–221|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/jarce.53.2017.a010}}

:{{cite book|editor1-last=Bietak|editor1-first=Manfred|editor1-link=Manfred Bietak|editor2-first=I.|editor2-last=Hein|title=Pharaonen und Fremde - Dynastien im Dunkel: Sonderaustellung des Historischen Museums der Stadt Wien in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Ägyptologischen Institut der Universität Wien und dem Österreichischen Archäologischen Institut Kairo, Rathaus Wien, Volkshalle, 8. Sept. - 23. Okt. 1994|location=Vienna|year=1994}}

:{{cite book|last=Bietak|first=Manfred|title=Avaris, the Capital of the Hyksos. Recent Excavations at Tell el-Dab'a|year=1996|location=London|series=Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation distinguished lecture in Egyptology|volume=1|publisher=British Museum Press for the Trustees of the British Museum|isbn=0714109681}}

:{{cite journal|last=Redford|first=D.|title=The Hyksos Invasion in History and Tradition|journal=Orientalia|volume=39|issue=1|year=1970}}

:{{cite book|last=Ryholt|first=Kim|author-link=Kim Ryholt|year=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&q=Sheshi|title=The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 B.C|series=CNI publications, 20|publisher=Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University of Copenhagen : Museum Tusculanum Press|isbn=978-87-7289-421-8}}

• [https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/historyofegyptone11/files/18876478.pdf The Sakir-Har doorjamb inscription (slide 12)]

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{{s-bef | before=Salitis?}}

{{s-ttl | title=Pharaoh of Egypt | years=Fifteenth Dynasty }}

{{s-aft | after=Khyan?}}

{{end}}

{{Pharaohs}}

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Category:17th-century BC pharaohs

Category:Pharaohs of the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt

Category:Year of birth unknown

Category:Year of death unknown