Salinas Valley

File: Salinas River watershed.png

The Salinas Valley is a broad valley formed by the Salinas River, located in between the Gabilan and Santa Lucia mountain ranges, which border the Salinas Valley to the east and the west, respectively. It runs runs approximately {{convert|90|mi|km|0}} southeast from the Salinas River mouth at the Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge, southwest of Castroville, and runs in a generally southeasterly direction as far as the San Ardo Oil Field, beyond which the Salinas River forms a narrow canyon between the two mountain ranges. (The Salinas River's course continues considerably beyond the Salinas Valley, originating in the Santa Lucia Range south of Paso Robles.) The valley lends its name to the geologic province in which it is located, the Salinian Block. The valley's largest city, Salinas, is located near the northern end of the Salinas Valley. Other cities and populated places include Spreckels, Chualar, Gonzales, Soledad, Greenfield, King City, San Lucas, and San Ardo.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

Before colonization, the valley was inhabited by indigenous Salinans who lived by hunting and gathering and spoke the Salinan language. The Salinan people are believed to have lived south of Junipero Serra Peak, perhaps ranging from Slates Hot Springs on the coast to Soledad in the Salinas Valley and into northern San Luis Obispo County.{{cite podcast |last=Jewell |first=Jennifer |url=https://soundcloud.com/user-179107226/cultivating-place-botanical-artistry-of-october-part-2-obi-kaufmann-the-california-field-atlas |title=Obi Kaufmann & The California Field Atlas; Botanical Artistry Of October, Part 2 |website=Cultivating Place |publisher=North State Public Radio |date=October 12, 2018 |access-date=February 13, 2019 |via=SoundCloud }}{{cite book |last=Kaufmann |first=Obi |author-link=Obi Kaufmann |title=The California Field Atlas |publisher=Heyday Books |year=2017a |isbn=978-1-59714-402-5 }}

The 18th century Spanish colonial mission of Nuestra Señora de la Soledad was located within the Salinas Valley; it would later grow in the city of Soledad. Missions San Antonio de Padua and San Miguel Arcángel were located near to the Salinas Valley and would have included peoples native to that area.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

The Franciscans baptized the native population at the missions.

{{Cite web |url=https://accessgenealogy.com/california/history-of-san-antonio-de-padua-mission.htm |title=History of San Antonio de Padua Mission |date=13 July 2011 |access-date=2023-06-12 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928163733/https://accessgenealogy.com/california/history-of-san-antonio-de-padua-mission.htm |url-status=live }}

The Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases like smallpox and measles, so many died and their culture was devastated. Many of the remaining people assimilated with Spanish and Mexican ranchers in the nineteenth century.{{cite web|last1=Henson|first1=Paul|author2=Donald J. Usner|title=The Natural History of Big Sur|url=http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/wjf/m/NaturalHistoryOfBigSur.pdf|publisher=University Of California Press|access-date=12 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617070622/http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/wjf/m/NaturalHistoryOfBigSur.pdf |archive-date= June 17, 2010|date=1993}}{{rp| 264–267}}

File:Monterey County, California. Rural youth. Mechanization, the agricultural employee. At the wheel of a farm-all tractor - NARA - 532242.tif photo illustrating young farm workers and the mechanization of agriculture.]]

The commercial farming sector of the Dust Bowl era forms the backdrop for several John Steinbeck stories including East of Eden, Tortilla Flat, Of Mice and Men, The Chrysanthemums, and Johnny Bear.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

At a railroad crossing about one mile south of Chualar, a bus carrying Mexican migrant workers collided with a train in September 1963, killing 32 passengers and injuring 25. It was the most serious road accident in U.S. history, and helped spur abolition of the bracero program.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

Agriculture dominates the economy of the valley. A large majority{{fact|date=December 2016}} of the salad greens consumed in the U.S. are grown within this region. Strawberries, lettuce, tomatoes, and spinach are the dominant crops in the valley. Other crops include broccoli, cauliflower, wine grapes, artichokes, and celery. Due to the intensity of local agriculture, the area has earned itself the nickname "America's Salad Bowl." The flower industry, grown in greenhouses, is now dominated by Matsui Nursery, which has been a major philanthropic benefactor to Salinas.

Salinas Valley is also an important viticultural area. Three American Viticultural Association "American Viticultural Area" domains are located within Salinas Valley: the Arroyo Seco AVA, the Santa Lucia Highlands AVA, and the Monterey AVA.Monterey County Vintners and Growers Association: [http://www.montereywines.org/wine_country_avamap.php Monterey California Appellations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009223229/http://www.montereywines.org/wine_country_avamap.php |date=2008-10-09 }}Monterey County Convention and Visitors Bureau: [http://www.montereyinfo.org/salinas%20valley/salinasvalleywineries Wineries in the Salinas Valley]

Although agriculture forms an economic base, more than 100 manufacturing firms call Salinas home. Some of the largest employers in the area include: Dole Fresh Vegetable, the County of Monterey, and Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital.

File:Irrigation system.JPG in the Salinas Valley.]]

Supplying Salinas Valley farms is an underground water supply fed, in part, by the large watershed in surrounding mountains. Two reservoirs – Nacimiento and San Antonio—store and release the water for groundwater recharge, flood control and farming. Wells access the groundwater to irrigate about {{convert|275000|acre|km2}} of fruits and vegetables and to supply the valley cities. The Salinas River itself is a sand river, so water appears on the surface only during heavy rains or when water is released from the upstream reservoirs.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

Increasing demand for water near the mouth of the valley is drawing seawater into the freshwater aquifer. The Salinas Valley Water Project, now{{when|date=June 2023}} under construction by the Monterey County Water Resources Agency, will use an inflatable dam near Salinas to capture more water during wet periods. Monterey County Water Recycling Projects, a combination of the Castroville Seawater Intrusion Project and the Salinas Valley Reclamation Project, started delivering recycled water to fields near Castroville in 1998. The project's goal is to reduce pumping of groundwater and slow down seawater intrusion.{{cn|date=June 2023}}

The Salinas Valley's weather varies from north to south. Proximity to Monterey Bay and the cool coastal waters of the Pacific cools the northern part of the valley in summer, and keeps it relatively mild in winter. The southern portion of the valley has greater extremes of temperature, hotter in summer, and colder in winter.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

In summer, inland heating creates a thermal low that draws the marine layer into the valley, with fog and low clouds near Monterey Bay, sometimes extending farther down the valley.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

The climate is ideal for the numerous vineyards in the Santa Lucia Highlands, promoting growth of winetasting along the River Road Wine Trail.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

The California Rodeo Salinas, California International Airshow,[http://www.salinasairshow.com/ California International Airshow Salinas]. Salinasairshow.com (2013-01-22). Retrieved on 2014-07-21. the National Steinbeck Center, and the Steinbeck Festival are major attractions in Salinas.

On August 30, 2007, 8,000 cartons of spinach (from Metz Fresh, a King City-based grower and shipper, Salinas Valley, California) were recalled after Salmonella was discovered on routine testing. The incident led to a call from some consumer advocates and lawmakers for greater oversight in food safety, even if 90% of the suspect vegetable did not reach the shelves.[https://web.archive.org/web/20131213214944/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/20514868/ NBC News, Spinach recall divides growers, lawmakers]

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Category:Valleys of California

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Category:Valleys of Monterey County, California

Category:Valleys of San Luis Obispo County, California

Category:Valleys of San Benito County, California

Category:Agriculture in California

Category:Regions of California