Salinibacter ruber

Salinibacter ruber is most closely related to the genus Rhodothermus which is a thermophilic, slightly halophilic bacterium. Though genetically it is considered to be closest to the Rhodothermus genus, it is most comparable to the family Halobacteriaceae, because of similarity in protein structure.{{cite journal |author1=Antón J |author2=Oren A |author3=Benlloch S |author4=Rodríguez-Valera F |author5=Amann R |author6=Rosselló-Mora R |title=Salinibacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel, extremely halophilic member of the Bacteria from saltern crystallizer ponds |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=52 |issue=Pt 2 |pages=485–91 |date=March 2002 |pmid=11931160 |doi= 10.1099/00207713-52-2-485|url=http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11931160 |access-date=2013-07-24|doi-access=free |hdl=21.11116/0000-0001-D329-3 |hdl-access=free }} It is red-pigmented, motile, rod-shaped, and extremely halophilic. The type strain is strain M31^T(= DSM 13855^T = CECT 5946^T).

Salinibacter ruber was found in saltern crystallizer ponds in Alicante and Mallorca, Spain in 2002 by Antón et al. This environment has very high salt concentrations, and Salinibacter ruber itself cannot grow at below 15% salt concentration, with an ideal concentration between 20 and 30% (i.e. 200-300 grams of salt per litre, the average concentration in the ocean being around 35 g/L). It has also been found in pink lakes in Australia.

This bacterium is notable for its halophilic lifestyle, a trait exhibited primarily by members of Archaea. In general, bacteria do not play a large role in microbial communities of hypersaline brines at or approaching NaCl saturation. However, with the discovery of S. ruber, this belief was challenged. It was found that S. ruber made up from 5% to 25% of the total prokaryotic community of the Spanish saltern ponds.

File:Salinibacter ruber in pink lake.jpg

In a 2015 study conducted by researchers led by molecular biologist Ken McGrath at Lake Hillier, Western Australia, showed that, while the algae Dunaliella salina, formerly thought to create the color in this pink lake, was present in only tiny quantities (0.1% of DNA sampled), while S. ruber formed 20{{cite web | last=Salleh | first=Anna | title=Why Australia has so many pink lakes and why some of them are losing their colour| website= ABC News |series= ABC Science| publisher= Australian Broadcasting Corporation| date=4 January 2022 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-01-05/pink-lakes-why-does-australia-have-so-many/100664354 | access-date=21 January 2022}} to 33%{{cite web | title=Here's the Real Reason Why Australia Has Bubblegum Pink Lakes | website=Discovery | date=24 December 2019 | url=https://www.discovery.com/science/Australia-Bubblegum-Pink-Lakes | access-date=22 January 2022}}{{cite web | title=Why is Pink Lake on Middle Island, off the coast of Esperance, pink? | website=Australia's Golden Outback | date=18 January 2021 | url=https://www.australiasgoldenoutback.com/whyispinklakehillierpink | access-date=22 January 2022|others= Includes extract from Australian Geographic article.}}{{cite web | last=Cassella | first=Carly | title=How an Australian lake turned bubble-gum pink | website=Australian Geographic | date=13 December 2016 | url=https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/science-environment/2016/12/australias-pink-lakes/ | access-date=22 January 2022}}{{efn|Conflicting reports of percentage.}} of the DNA recovered from the lake.

Salinibacter ruber produces a pigment called bacterioruberin, which helps it to trap and use light for energy in the photosynthesis process. While the pigments in algae are contained within the chloroplasts, bacterioruberin is spread across the whole cell of the bacterium. This makes it more likely that the colour of the lake is that of S. ruber.

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• {{cite journal|last1=Mongodin|first1=E. F.|title=The genome of Salinibacter ruber: Convergence and gene exchange among hyperhalophilic bacteria and archaea|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=102|issue=50|year=2005|pages=18147–18152|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.0509073102|pmid=16330755|pmc=1312414|bibcode=2005PNAS..10218147M|doi-access=free}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Brochier-Armanet|first1=Celine|last2=Antón|first2=Josefa|last3=Lucio|first3=Marianna|last4=Peña|first4=Arantxa|last5=Cifuentes|first5=Ana|last6=Brito-Echeverría|first6=Jocelyn|last7=Moritz|first7=Franco|last8=Tziotis|first8=Dimitrios|last9=López|first9=Cristina|last10=Urdiain|first10=Mercedes|last11=Schmitt-Kopplin|first11=Philippe|last12=Rosselló-Móra|first12=Ramon|title=High Metabolomic Microdiversity within Co-Occurring Isolates of the Extremely Halophilic Bacterium Salinibacter ruber|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=5|year=2013|pages=e64701|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0064701|pmid=23741374|pmc=3669384|bibcode=2013PLoSO...864701A|doi-access=free}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Oren|first1=Aharon|last2=Mana|first2=Lili|title=Sugar metabolism in the extremely halophilic bacterium Salinibacter ruber|journal=FEMS Microbiology Letters|volume=223|issue=1|year=2003|pages=83–87|issn=0378-1097|doi=10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00345-8|pmid=12799004|doi-access=free}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Sher|first1=Jonathan|last2=Elevi|first2=Rahel|last3=Mana|first3=Lily|last4=Oren|first4=Aharon|title=Glycerol metabolism in the extremely halophilic bacterium Salinibacter ruber|journal=FEMS Microbiology Letters|volume=232|issue=2|year=2004|pages=211–215|issn=0378-1097|doi=10.1016/S0378-1097(04)00077-1|pmid=15033241|doi-access=free}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Pašić|first1=Lejla|last2=Rodriguez-Mueller|first2=Beltran|last3=Martin-Cuadrado|first3=Ana-Belen|last4=Mira|first4=Alex|last5=Rohwer|first5=Forest|last6=Rodriguez-Valera|first6=Francisco|title=Metagenomic islands of hyperhalophiles: the case of Salinibacter ruber|journal=BMC Genomics|volume=10|issue=1|year=2009|pages=570|issn=1471-2164|doi=10.1186/1471-2164-10-570|pmid=19951421|pmc=2800850 |doi-access=free }}

• {{EOL|11780596|Salinibacter ruber}}
• {{cite web |url=https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Salinibacter_ruber|title=Salinibacter ruber at Microbe Wiki}}
• [http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=17796&submit=Search Type strain of Salinibacter ruber at BacDive – the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase]

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Category:Gram-negative bacteria

Category:Bacteria described in 2002

Category:Rhodothermota