Sally Davies (doctor)

Davies was born on 24 November 1949 in Birmingham, England. Her father John Gordon Davies was an Anglican priest and theologian, and her mother Emily Mary Tordoff{{Cite web |title=Dame Professor Sally Davies {{!}} Biographical summary |url=https://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/ |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=WhatisBiotechnology.org |language=en}} was a scientist: they both became academics at the University of Birmingham. She failed her eleven-plus exam but was nevertheless able to study at the private Edgbaston High School for Girls in Birmingham, where she excelled on the viola.{{cite news|first=Jeremy |last=Taylor |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/Magazine/article1610030.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073524/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/Magazine/article1610030.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=A Life in the Day of Professor Dame Sally Davies, chief medical officer |newspaper=The Sunday Times|access-date=29 November 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b038kzww |title=BBC Radio 3 – Private Passions, Sally Davies |website=bbc.co.uk |date=16 March 2014 |access-date=29 November 2016}}

Davies studied medicine at Manchester Medical School at the University of Manchester where she graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MB ChB) degree in 1972 and later{{when|date=September 2018}} obtained a Master of Science (MSc) degree from the University of London.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

Davies described her early years in clinical practice as "brutalising" and had a four-year break from medicine as a "diplomat's wife" in Madrid, before returning to medical training at the end of the 1970s.{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/XYXY3DW2ZqRlN1XhrWc8y7/professor-dame-sally-davies |title=BBC Radio 4 – Woman's Hour, Woman's Hour Power List – Professor Dame Sally Davies |website=bbc.co.uk |access-date=29 November 2016}}

She became a consultant haematologist in 1985 at the Central Middlesex Hospital in Brent – a relatively deprived part of northwest London – and became Professor of Haemoglobinopathies there in 1997, by which time the hospital had been incorporated into Imperial College London.

Davies is an expert in sickle cell disease: a blood disorder that mainly affects people of African heritage and causes painful 'crises' triggered by physical stress.{{cite web|url=http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today-profile?person=23779|title=People of Today: Sally Claire Davies|publisher=Debrett's |access-date=29 January 2014}}

As well as a number of academic works, Davies is the author of the book The Drugs Don't Work: A Global Threat (2013).{{cite book |last1=Davies |first1=Professor Dame Sally |title=The Drugs Don't Work |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=9780241969199 |url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/256/256685/the-drugs-don-t-work/9780241969199.html |access-date=20 October 2019}}

Davies joined the Civil Service in 2004 to take up a research position in London and was soon promoted to Director-General of Research and Development at the Department of Health.{{cite web|first=Matt |last=Ross |url=http://www.civilserviceworld.com/interview-sally-davies |title=Interview: Sally Davies |publisher=Civil Service World |access-date=29 November 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Aboutus/MinistersandDepartmentLeaders/ChiefMedicalOfficer/AboutTheChiefMedicalOfficerCMO/DH_116584 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120104133922/www.dh.gov.uk/en/Aboutus/MinistersandDepartmentLeaders/ChiefMedicalOfficer/AboutTheChiefMedicalOfficerCMO/DH_116584 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 January 2012 |title=Professor Dame Sally C Davies Chief Medical Officer (Interim) and Director General of Research and Development |website=Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk |access-date=29 November 2016}} In 2006, she expanded the National Health Service (NHS) research base through the creation of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (whose Strategy Board she chaired) and went on to become the Chief Scientific Adviser of the Department of Health and Social Care.

In June 2010 Davies was appointed interim Chief Medical Officer (United Kingdom) and was confirmed as the permanent holder of that position the following year – the first woman to hold the post.{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01qj7jd/profiles/dame-sally-davies |title=Professor Dame Sally Davies|publisher=BBC |access-date=29 January 2014}} The Chief Medical Officer has a rank equivalent to Permanent secretary – the highest in the Civil Service.{{cite web|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/for-journalists/graduation-ceremonies-1/july-2014/biographies/professor-dame-sally-davies-doctor-of-science |publisher=University of Leicester|title=Professor Dame Sally Davies (Doctor of Science) — University of Leicester |website=le.ac.uk |date=1 May 2014 |access-date=29 November 2016}}

The 'Chief' in the job title strictly refers to the incumbent's position as the most senior doctor within the Civil Service – the Ministry of Defence and the Department for Work and Pensions, for example, both employ doctors as civil servants, as of course does the Department of Health. Despite the name, the post of Chief Medical Officer has traditionally had no particular status within the medical profession as a whole – it has some parallels with the position of Surgeon General of the United States in the USA. However, with the huge expansion in the Department of Health's purview over the past two decades, the postholder has acquired substantial practical information influence over National Health Service policy.

Unusually for a British Chief Medical Officer, Davies does not have a background as a specialist in public health.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} Nevertheless, Davies has written and spoken extensively about the rise of antimicrobial resistance in medicine and animal husbandry, including carrying out work to raise its profile on the international scene.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-calls-for-international-action-on-antimicrobial-resistance|title=UK calls for international action on antimicrobial resistance|publisher=Department of Health|access-date=22 January 2015}} Davies delegated authoring and editing her statutory annual reports to other doctors and healthcare practitioners, although she wrote an introduction to each and oversaw their compilation. She is particularly concerned about excessive alcohol consumption, especially by young women – who, she told the BBC in 2013, "we know can only take about half the alcohol that men can" and so are more prone to liver damage as a result.{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0375p86 |title=BBC Radio 4 – Woman's Hour, Professor Dame Sally Davies |website=Bbc.co.uk |date=23 July 2013 |access-date=29 November 2016}}

In July 2013, she was asked by the BBC whether she had ever favoured female doctors in order to counterbalance discrimination against them as a group. Davies replied: "I probably do positively discriminate because, as the men appoint in their own image, so do I appoint in my own image. I like having bright sparky women around, so I do understand how difficult it can be for the men to actually challenge the stereotypes and think differently".

In her 2014 annual report, Davies said that the government needed to make tackling obesity a national priority. The report also recommended a national audit of ovarian cancer, and challenged "taboos" around the menopause and incontinence "to make sure embarrassment is never a barrier to better health."{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/chief-medical-officer-calls-for-action-on-womens-health |title=Chief Medical Officer calls for action on women's health |website=gov.uk |date=11 December 2015 |access-date=29 November 2016}}

File:Review on Antimicrobial Resistance (27015183112).jpg

As of 2015, Davies was paid a salary of between £210,000 and £214,999 by the department, making her one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/492289/150K_senior_salaries.csv/preview|title=Senior officials 'high earners' salaries as at 30 September 2015|date=17 December 2015|website=gov.uk|access-date=13 March 2016}}

In January 2016, Davies reduced the recommended weekly alcohol limit for men to that for women, in new guidelines warning of the association between alcohol consumption and some forms of cancer. The guidance gave a new weekly limit of 14 units, while at the same time saying there was no safe level of alcohol consumption.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-35255384|title=Alcohol limits cut to reduce health risks|first=Nick|last=Triggle|date=8 January 2016|publisher=BBC|access-date=29 November 2016}} The Financial Times said the two messages were "inherently contradictory"{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/224827a8-b62d-11e5-b147-e5e5bba42e51.html|title=Ambiguous health warnings – a danger with no safe limit|location=London|work=Financial Times|date=9 January 2016 |access-date=29 November 2016}} {{subscription required|date=November 2016}} and Professor Sir David Spiegelhalter, Winton Professor of the Public Understanding of Risk at the University of Cambridge, revealed that drinking the maximum allowance set by Davies would be no more dangerous than eating bacon sandwiches or watching films.{{cite web|url=http://www.theweek.co.uk/68353/new-alcohol-health-advice-branded-scaremongering |title=New alcohol health advice branded 'scaremongering' |website=theweek.co.uk |date=8 January 2016 |access-date=29 November 2016}}

Davies has recommended banning promotion and advertising of junk foods. She wants plain packaging for junk foods as for cigarettes, and VAT increases on junk foods high in fat, salt or sugar. Davies said, "I think the polling data is pretty clear. The public think it’s time that governments acted to protect their children. Overweight and obesity is because we are all in this flood of unhealthy food marketing and advertising. We need to close those floodgates".{{cite news |first=Sarah |last=Boseley |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/oct/10/childrens-health-england-must-be-put-ahead-of-profits-says-chief-medic |title=Ban eating on public transport to tackle obesity, urges outgoing chief medic |work=The Guardian |date=10 October 2019 }}

Davies was heavily critical of the state of the NHS, saying that it had fewer doctors, nurses, beds and ventilators than in similar countries. Commentators were also critical of austerity and the state in which it had left the NHS and public health system. Furthermore, University College London epidemiology professor Sir Michael Marmot said that the UK had entered the pandemic with "depleted" public services, leaving it less able to cope.{{cite web|first=Jim |last=Reed |title=First Covid inquiry report to show UK plan failures |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c29dzp2z5y6o|website=bbc.co.uk |date=18 July 2024 |access-date=18 July 2024}}

On 8 February 2019, she was announced Master elect of Trinity College, Cambridge, in succession to Sir Gregory Winter.{{cite web |title=Master of Trinity College, Cambridge: Professor Dame Sally Davies |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/master-of-trinity-college-cambridge-professor-dame-sally-davies |website=GOV.UK |access-date=13 February 2019 |language=en |date=8 February 2019}} She is the first woman to hold the appointment.{{cite web |title=Doctor is 'college's first woman master' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-47172226 |website=BBC News |access-date=13 February 2019 |date=8 February 2019}} She was installed as the 39th Master of Trinity College during a ceremony on 8 October 2019.{{cite web |title=Dame Sally installed as Master |url=https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/news/dame-sally-installed-as-master/ |website=Trinity College |publisher=University of Cambridge |access-date=10 October 2019 |date=8 October 2019}}

In June 2019, Davies was appointed as the UK Special Envoy on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR){{cite web |title=Dame Sally Davies named UK Special Envoy on AMR |url=https://www.abpi.org.uk/media-centre/news/2019/june/dame-sally-davies-named-uk-special-envoy-on-amr/ |website=www.abpi.org.uk |access-date=10 December 2020 |language=en}} where she represents the UK government internationally. In her role, she also works across government on the "one health approach" and advises on the delivery of the 5-year action plan and the 20-year vision on AMR.{{cite web |title=Professor Dame Sally Davies |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/sally-davies |website=GOV.UK |access-date=10 December 2020 |language=en}}

In addition, Davies is a member of the United Nations Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (IACG).[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20200520010339/http://www9.who.int/antimicrobial%2Dresistance/interagency%2Dcoordination%2Dgroup/members/en/ Members of the UN Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance] World Health Organization (WHO). Since 2020, she has also been a member of the Global Leaders Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, co-chaired by Sheikh Hasina and Mia Mottley.[https://www.who.int/groups/one-health-global-leaders-group-on-antimicrobial-resistance Global Leaders Group on Antimicrobial Resistance] World Health Organization.

In February 2013, Davies was said to be the sixth “most powerful” woman in the United Kingdom, by the BBC Radio 4 programme Woman's Hour,.{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007qlvb/features/power-list-100 |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |title=Woman's Hour Power list |date=February 2013}} In 2015 the Health Service Journal ranked her as the most influential woman in the English NHS and 14th most influential person.{{cite news|title=HSJ100 2015|url=http://www.hsj.co.uk/7000366.article|access-date=23 December 2015|publisher=Health Service Journal|date=23 November 2015}}

In the 2009 New Year Honours Davies was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for services to medicine.{{London Gazette |issue=58929 |date=31 December 2008 |page=6 |supp=y}}

Davies was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311083554/https://royalsociety.org/people/sally-davies-11312/|archive-date=11 March 2016|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/sally-davies-11312/|publisher=Royal Society|location=London|year=2014|website=royalsociety.org|title=Dame Sally Davies DBE FMedSci FRS}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{blockquote|"All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” – {{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |access-date=9 March 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archive-date=25 September 2015 |df=dmy-all }}}} and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2002.{{cite web|url=http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/professor-dame-sally-davies/|title=Fellow Professor Dame Sally Davies|publisher=Academy of Medical Sciences|location=London|year=2002|website=acmedsci.ac.uk|access-date=29 November 2016|archive-date=2 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802020716/http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/professor-dame-sally-davies/|url-status=dead}} She was awarded the Cameron Prize of the University of Edinburgh in 2017.

In the 2020 New Year Honours, Davies became the second woman (and the first outside the Royal Family, as well as ignoring foreign politicians as honorary members) to be appointed Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB), for services to public health and research.{{London Gazette|issue=62866|supp=y|page=N3|date=28 December 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/new-year-honours-list-2020|title=New Year Honours list 2020|website=GOV.UK|language=en|access-date=27 December 2019}} On 5 March 2020, in an Investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace, she received the insignia from the Prince of Wales.{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ClarenceHouse/status/1235606776034267138|title=Professor Dame Sally Davies today became the first female non-royal to be made a Dame Grand Cross.|publisher=Twitter|location=London|author=Clarence House|author-link=Clarence House|year=2020|website=twitter.com|access-date=6 March 2020}}

In 1974, Davies married Ralph Skilbeck, a diplomat;{{cite web |title=Dame Professor Sally Davies |url=http://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/index.php/people/summary/Davies |website=WhatisBiotechnology.org |access-date=13 February 2019 |language=en}} they divorced in 1982. She remarried in 1982; her second husband died later that year from leukaemia.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-23695940|title=Sally Davies, England's chief medical officer, 'ate hash cookies'|date=18 August 2013|publisher=BBC|access-date=29 November 2016}} In 1989 she married the Dutch haematologist Willem H. Ouwehand, a professor of haematology at the University of Cambridge, with whom she has two daughters.{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Martynoga |url=https://www.ft.com/content/91fb7c0a-ff9c-11e4-bc30-00144feabdc0 |title=Inside the home of Sally Davies, England's chief medical officer |work=Financial Times |date=29 May 2015 |access-date=20 June 2023 }}

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Category:1949 births

Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire

Category:Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath

Category:20th-century English medical doctors

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Category:British haematologists

Category:Alumni of the University of Manchester

Category:Chief Medical Officers for England

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Category:English women medical doctors

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Category:Fellows of the Royal Society

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Category:21st-century British women medical doctors

Category:Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge

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Category:21st-century English women

Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine

Category:WHO laureates