Salsalate
{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Infobox drug
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 437202892
| IUPAC_name = 2-(2-Hydroxybenzoyl)oxybenzoic acid
| image = Salsalate.svg
| image_class = skin-invert-image
| tradename = Disalcid, Salflex
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|salsalate}}
| MedlinePlus = a682880
| pregnancy_AU =
| pregnancy_US = C
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_AU =
| legal_CA =
| legal_UK =
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_status =
| routes_of_administration =
| bioavailability =
| protein_bound =
| metabolism =
| elimination_half-life =
| excretion =
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 552-94-3
| ATC_prefix = N02
| ATC_suffix = BA06
| PubChem = 5161
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB01399
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 9014
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 4977
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = V9MO595C9I
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00428
| C=14 | H=10 | O=5
}}
Salsalate is a medication that belongs to the salicylate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) classes.
Salsalate is the generic name of a prescription drug marketed under the brandnames Mono-Gesic, Salflex, Disalcid, and Salsitab. Other generic and brand name formulations may be available.{{cite web | url = https://www.drugs.com/mtm/salsalate.html | work = drugs.com | title = Salsalate }}
Mechanism of action
Relative to other NSAIDs, salsalate has a weak inhibitory effect on the cyclooxygenase enzyme and decreases the production of several proinflammatory chemical signals such as interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, and C-reactive protein.
The mechanism through which salsalate is thought to reduce the production of these inflammatory chemical signals is through the inhibition of IκB kinase resulting in decreased action of NF-κB genes.{{cite journal | vauthors = Esser N, Paquot N, Scheen AJ | title = Anti-inflammatory agents to treat or prevent type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease | journal = Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs | volume = 24 | issue = 3 | pages = 283–307 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25345753 | doi = 10.1517/13543784.2015.974804 | s2cid = 23674166 | type = Review }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Ridker PM, Lüscher TF | title = Anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiovascular disease | journal = European Heart Journal | volume = 35 | issue = 27 | pages = 1782–91 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24864079 | pmc = 4155455 | doi = 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu203 }} This mechanism is thought to be responsible for salsalate's insulin-sensitizing and blood sugar lowering properties.
Medical uses
Salsalate may be used for inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or noninflammatory disorders such as osteoarthritis.{{cite journal | vauthors = Hardie DG | title = AMPK: a target for drugs and natural products with effects on both diabetes and cancer | journal = Diabetes | volume = 62 | issue = 7 | pages = 2164–72 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23801715 | pmc = 3712072 | doi = 10.2337/db13-0368 }}
Safety
Research
Salsalate has been proposed for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its ability to lower insulin resistance associated with inflammation and may be useful in prediabetes.{{cite journal | vauthors = Anderson K, Wherle L, Park M, Nelson K, Nguyen L | title = Salsalate, an old, inexpensive drug with potential new indications: a review of the evidence from 3 recent studies | journal = American Health & Drug Benefits | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 231–5 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 25126374 | pmc = 4105730 }} However, the use of salsalate to prevent the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus has received limited study.
History
{{missing information|section|first known synthesis and commercialization — who decided to stick two salicylic acid molecules together?|date=January 2023}}
Salsalate had been suggested as possible treatment for diabetes as early as 1876.{{cite journal | vauthors = Powell K | title = Obesity: the two faces of fat | journal = Nature | volume = 447 | issue = 7144 | pages = 525–7 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17538594 | doi = 10.1038/447525a | bibcode = 2007Natur.447..525P | s2cid = 28974642 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Ebstein W |title= Zur therapie des diabetes mellitus, insbesondere uber die anwendung des salicylsauren natron bei demselben|journal=Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift|volume=13|pages=337–340|year=1876}}
Synthesis
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Anti-inflammatory products}}
{{Salicylates}}
{{Prostanoid signaling modulators}}