Salt well
{{For|similar named locales|Salt Well, Alabama|Saltwell, Tyne and Wear}}
File:Brine Wells near Preesall - geograph.org.uk - 109704.jpg
File:Brine Well Head - geograph.org.uk - 109708.jpg
A salt well (or brine well) is used to mine salt from caverns or deposits. Water is used as a solution to dissolve the salt or halite deposits so that they can be extracted by pipe to an evaporation process, which results in either a brine or a dry product for sale or local use.{{cite web| last =| first =| author-link =| title =Solution Mining for Salt| publisher =Salt Institute| date =| url =http://www.saltinstitute.org/content/download/9072/49165/file/Solution%20Mining%20for%20Salt.pdf| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20240203175428/http://www.saltinstitute.org/content/download/9072/49165/file/Solution%20Mining%20for%20Salt.pdf| url-status =dead| archive-date =February 3, 2024| doi =| access-date =2010-10-16}} In the United States during the 19th century, salt wells were a significant source of income for operators and the government. Locating underground salt deposits was usually based on locations of existing salt springs.{{cite book
|title= Geological Survey of Michigan
|last= Michigan Geological Survey
|author-link=
|year= 1876
|publisher= Published by authority of the Legislature of Michigan under the direction of the Board of Geological Survey
|location= Original from Harvard University
|isbn=
|page= [https://archive.org/details/geologicalsurve03survgoog/page/n21 171]
|url= https://archive.org/details/geologicalsurve03survgoog|quote= salt well.
}}
In mountainous areas, a similar technique called sink works (from German sinkwerk) is used.
History
The Chinese have been using brine wells and a form of salt solution mining as part of their civilization for more than 2000 years.{{Cite book |title=Evaporites: A Geological Compendium |last=Warren |first=John K. |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |publication-date=May 18, 2016 |page=1034}} The first recorded salt well in China was dug in the Sichuan province around 2,250 years ago. This was the first time that ancient water well technology was applied successfully for the exploitation of salt, and marked the beginning of Sichuan's salt drilling industry.{{Cite journal |last=Kuhn |first=Oliver |date=2004-06-30 |title=Ancient Chinese Drilling |url=https://csegrecorder.com/articles/view/ancient-chinese-drilling |journal=Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists |volume=29 |issue=6}} Shaft wells were sunk as early as 220 BC in the Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces. By 1035 AD, Chinese in the Sichuan area were using percussion drilling to recover deep brines, a technique that would not be introduced to the West for another 600 to 800 years. Medieval and modern European travelers to China between 1400 and 1700 AD reported salt and natural gas production from dense networks of brine wells. Archaeological evidence of Song dynasty salt drilling tools used are kept and displayed in the Zigong Salt Industry Museum.{{cite book|author1=Xianyao Li|author2=Zhewen Luo|title=China's Museums|url=https://archive.org/details/chinasmuseums0000lixi_n4y6|url-access=registration|date=3 March 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-18690-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chinasmuseums0000lixi_n4y6/page/210 210]–211|quote=By the time of the Song Dynasty, Chinese craftsmen had invented special tools for digging small-mouth-diameter wells}} Many of the wells were sunk deeper than 450 m and at least one well was more than 1000 meters deep. The medieval Venetian traveler to China, Marco Polo, reported an annual production in a single province of more than 30,000 tonnes of brine during his time there. According to Salt: A World History, a Qing dynasty well, also in Zigong, "continued down to 3,300 feet (1,000 m) making it at the time the deepest drilled well in the world."{{cite book|author=Mark Kurlansky|title=Salt: A World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNEaD1g7XScC&pg=PT364|date=18 March 2011|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-307-36979-6|page=364}}
References
{{Commons category|Brine wells}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Salt topics}}
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