Salvia clevelandii
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{For|other plants also known as 'blue sage'|Blue Sage (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Salvia clevelandii - jim sage - desc-flowers - status-rare.jpg
| status = G3
| status_system = TNC
| genus = Salvia
| species = clevelandii
| authority = (A.Gray) Greene{{Cite POWO | id=226502-2 | title=Salvia clevelandii (A.Gray) Greene|access-date = 13 December 2024}}
| synonyms = {{Species list
| Audibertia clevelandii | A.Gray
| Audibertiella clevelandii | (A.Gray) Briq.
| Ramona clevelandii | (A.Gray) Briq.
}}
}}
File:Salvia clevelandii 4371.jpg
Salvia clevelandii, the fragrant sage,{{PLANTS|id=SACL|taxon=Salvia clevelandii|access-date=13 December 2024}} blue sage,{{cn|date=December 2024}} Jim sage,{{cn|date=December 2024}} Cleveland sage,{{Calflora|Salvia clevelandii|id=7301|access-date=13 December 2024}} and Cleveland's blue sage is a perennial plant of family Lamiaceae native to Southern California and northern Baja California, growing below {{convert|900|m|ft|abbr=on}} elevation{{not verified in body|date=December 2024}} in California coastal sage and chaparral habitat. The plant was named in 1874 by Asa Gray, honoring plant collector Daniel Cleveland.
Description
File:Salvia clevelandii close-up.jpg
Salvia clevelandii is an evergreen shrub that reaches {{convert|1|to|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height and width. The fragrant, ashy green leaves are obovate and rugose, growing less than {{convert|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. Flowers are on {{convert|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} spikes, with numerous whorls of upright amethyst blooms opening in June–July.{{cite book|last1=Clebsch|first1=Betsy|last2=Barner|first2=Carol D.|title=The New Book of Salvias|publisher=Timber Press|year=2003|pages=78–81|isbn=978-0-88192-560-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NM0iwB8GrQYC&pg=PA78}}
=Phytochemistry=
The rose potpourri scented foliage of hybrids is composed of camphor and 1,8-cineole. Named cultivars with a eucalyptus scent also contain around 20% 1,8-cineole.{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Herbs |date=2009 |isbn=9781604691344 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_KPgxEglHAC&dq=cleveland+sage&pg=PA321 |access-date=10 May 2021|last1=Debaggio |first1=Thomas |last2=Tucker |first2=Arthur O. |publisher=Timber Press }}
Taxonomy
Salvia clevelandii was described in 1874 as Audibertia clevelandii (the basionym) by Asa Gray,{{Cite IPNI| id=226502-2 | title =Salvia clevelandii (A.Gray) Greene |access-date = 14 December 2024}} named in honor of Daniel Cleveland. Cleveland was an amateur botanist and civic leader from San Diego, who had taken an interest in the local flora and fauna, sending his collections to Gray over a 20-year correspondence.{{cite web|title=Daniel Cleveland (1838–1929)|url=https://www.sdnhm.org/about-us/history/daniel-cleveland-1838-1929|access-date=January 5, 2022|website=San Diego Natural History Museum|publisher=San Diego Society of Natural History}} In the wild, this species may hybridize with Salvia apiana and Salvia mellifera.{{Cite web | last1 = Montalvo |first1 = A. M. |first2 =J. L. |last2 = Beyers |date= 19 October 2018 |title = Plant Profile for Salvia apiana |website= Native Plant Recommendations for Southern California Ecoregions | publisher= Riverside-Corona Resource Conservation District and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA | url = https://www.rcrcd.org/files/0c2005fe5/Montalvo+et+al+2017_Salvia+apiana+profile_url+update2020.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241128184845/https://www.rcrcd.org/files/0c2005fe5/Montalvo+et+al+2017_Salvia+apiana+profile_url+update2020.pdf |archive-date = 28 November 2024 | url-status = live | access-date = 14 December 2024}}{{Cite web | last1 = Montalvo |first1 = A. M. |first2 =J. L. |last2 = Beyers |date= 19 October 2018a |title = Plant Profile for Salvia mellifera |website= Native Plant Recommendations for Southern California Ecoregions | publisher= Riverside-Corona Resource Conservation District and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA | url = https://www.rcrcd.org/files/b9a64eb26/Montalvo+et+al+2017_Salvia+mellifera+profile_+url+update+2020.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240809110540/https://www.rcrcd.org/files/b9a64eb26/Montalvo+et+al+2017_Salvia+mellifera+profile_+url+update+2020.pdf |archive-date = 9 August 2024 | url-status = live | access-date = 14 December 2024}}
Distribution and habitat
Salvia clevelandii is found throughout portions of Southern California and northwestern Baja California, in chaparral and coastal sage scrub. It is distributed along the coast of San Diego County, the Peninsular Ranges of San Diego and Orange counties, and in northwestern Baja California, from the border to the northern portion of the central desert in the southern Sierra de San Pedro Martir.{{Cite journal|last1=Rebman|first1=J. P.|last2=Gibson|first2=J.|last3=Rich|first3=K.|date=2016|title=Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico|url=http://sdplantatlas.org/pdffiles/BajaChecklist2016.pdf|journal=San Diego Society of Natural History|volume=45|pages=183}}
Cultivation
Salvia clevelandii is a popular Southwest US landscape plant, cultivated since the 1940s. Plants prefer dry summers, good drainage, and tolerate full sun in cooler areas. As a landscape plant they have a relatively short life span of five to ten years. They are hardy to {{convert|-7|°C|°F}}.
Cultivars and hybrids include:
- 'Winnifred Gilman', a popular cultivar with intense violet-blue flowers.
- 'Betsy Clebsch', a shorter cultivar with wide variation in flower color.
- 'Allen Chickering', 'Aromas', 'Pozo Blue', 'Santa Cruz Dark', and 'Whirly Blue' are hybrids with similar appearance.
Salvia clevelandii is one of the parents of the hybrid Salvia 'Celestial Blue'.
Notes
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Salvia clevelandii}}
- {{CalPhotos|Salvia|clevelandii}}
- {{Jepson eFlora|43047 |link=1}}
- {{PFAF|Salvia clevelandii|mode=cs2}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q7406766}}
Category:Flora of Baja California
Category:Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Category:Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
Category:Butterfly food plants
Category:Garden plants of North America
Category:Drought-tolerant plants