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Sambre#Main tributaries

{{Short description|River in France and Belgium}}

{{For|the 2023 television miniseries|Sambre - Anatomy of a Crime}}

{{Infobox river

| name = Sambre

| image = Namur JPG02.jpg

| image_caption = The Sambre in the centre of Namur

| map = Sambre.png

| source1_location = Picardy

| mouth_location = Meuse at Namur

| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|50|27|43|N|4|52|15|E|display=inline,title}}

| progression = {{RMeuse}}

| subdivision_type1 = Countries

| subdivision_name1 = Belgium and France

| length = {{convert|193|km|mi|abbr=on}}

| source1_elevation = {{convert|199|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| discharge1_avg =

| basin_size = {{convert|2740|km2|mi2}}

}}

The Sambre ({{IPA|fr|sɑ̃bʁ|lang}}) is a river in northern France and in Wallonia, Belgium. It is a left-bank tributary of the Meuse, which it joins in the Wallonian capital Namur.

The source of the Sambre is near Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache, in the Aisne department. It passes through the Franco-Belgian coal basin, formerly an important industrial district. The navigable course begins in Landrecies at the junction with the Canal de la Sambre à l'Oise, which links with the central French waterway network (or did, until navigation was interrupted in 2006 following structural failures).{{Cite book|title=Inland Waterways of France|last=Edwards-May|first=David|publisher=Imray|year=2010|isbn=978-1-846230-14-1|location=St Ives, Cambs., UK|pages=246–249}} It runs 54 km and 9 locks 38.50m long and 5.20m wide down to the Belgian border at Jeumont. From the border the river is canalised in two distinct sections over a distance of 88 km with 17 locks. The Haute-Sambre is 39 km long and includes 10 locks of the same dimensions as in France, down to the industrial town of Charleroi. The rest of the Belgian Sambre was upgraded to European Class IV dimensions (1350-tonne barges) in the immediate post-World War II period. It lies at the western end of the sillon industriel, which is still Wallonia's industrial backbone, despite the cessation of all the coal-mining and a decline in the steel industry. The river flows into the Meuse at Namur, Belgium.

The navigable waterway is managed in France by Voies Navigables de France and in Belgium by the Service Public Wallon - Direction générale opérationnelle de la Mobilité et des Voies hydrauliques (Operational Directorate of Mobility and Inland Waterways){{Cite book|title=European Waterways Map and Concise Directory|last=Edwards-May|first=David|publisher=Transmanche|year=2014|isbn=979-10-94429-00-6|location=Lambersart, France|pages=11–12, 17–20 and fold-out map}}

Course

The Sambre flows through the following departments of France, provinces of Belgium and towns:

File:AulneRv1bJPG.jpg|The Sambre at Aulne Abbey in Belgium

File:Flawinne Riv1a.jpg|The Sambre at Flawinne (Namur)

File:Ham-sur-Sambre Vi1a JPG.jpg|The Sambre at Ham-sur-Sambre

File:Moustier-sur-Sambre U1a.jpg|The Sambre at Moustier-sur-Sambre

File:Vami péniche on the Sambre river in Namur (DSCF5450).jpg|A barge on the Sambre in Namur

File:La Sambre in Namur viewed from Quai de l'Abbaye (DSCF5606).jpg|The Sambre in Namur

File:Charleroi - Sambre - péniche "Atlantic" - 02.jpg|alt=|The canalised Sambre running through the centre of Charleroi

Main tributaries

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|

  • Helpe Mineure{{sandre|id=D0--022-|nom=La Sambre Canalisée}}, see tab "Affluents"
  • Helpe Majeure
  • Eau d’Heure{{cite web|url=http://environnement.wallonie.be/contrat_riviere/contriv/sambre.htm |title=Contrats de rivière en Wallonie - Sambre |publisher=Environnement.wallonie.be |access-date=25 March 2018}} (Eau d'Heure lakes)
  • Hantes
  • Thure
  • Biesmelle
  • Thyria
  • Eau d’Yves
  • Piéton, northern tributary, confluence in Charleroi.{{cite web|url=http://www.pieton.eu/le-ruisseau-le-pieton.html |title=Le Ruisseau "le Piéton" - Piéton, Village du Hainaut |publisher=Pieton.eu |access-date=25 March 2018}}
  • Hanzinne, confluence in Châtelet
  • Biesmes d’Aiseau
  • Orneau
  • Ligne
  • Eau d’Eppe
  • Ruisseau de Fosses
  • Solre

}}

Events

  • On 24 February 1912, Regina Magritte, the mother of the famous surrealist painter Réné Magritte, drowned herself in this river at Châtelet.{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=James C. |date=2007-08-01 |title=The Murderer Threatened (L'assassin Menacé) |url=https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.8.882 |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=64 |issue=8 |pages=882–883 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.64.8.882 |pmid=17679631 |issn=0003-990X}}

Battles

The 19th-century theory that the Sambre was the location of Julius Caesar's battle against a Belgic confederation (57 BC), was discarded a long time ago,Pierre Turquin ("La Bataille de la Selle (du Sabis) en l' An 57 avant J.-C." in Les Études Classiques 23/2 (1955), 113-156) has proved beyond reasonable doubt that the battle was fought at the River Selle, west of modern Saulzoir. but is still repeated.

Three important battles were fought in Fleurus, a suburb of Charleroi on the north bank of the Sambre: the Thirty Years' War Battle of Fleurus (1622), the Nine Years' War Battle of Fleurus (1690), and the crucial 26 June 1794 Battle of Fleurus (1794), the most significant battle of the Flanders Campaign in the Low Countries during the French Revolutionary Wars. The last was fought on both banks of the river, culminating a campaign that had involved multiple crossings and re-crossings of the river.

Heavy fighting occurred along the river during World War I, especially at the siege of Namur in 1914 (Battle of Charleroi) and in the last month of the war Battle of the Sambre (1918).

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category|Sambre}}

  • [http://www.french-waterways.com/waterways/north/sambre-oise/ River Sambre and Canal de la Sambre à l'Oise] with maps and details of places, moorings and facilities for boats, by the author of Inland Waterways of France, Imray
  • [http://www.french-waterways.com/waterways/canals-rivers-france/ Navigation details for 80 French rivers and canals] (French waterways website section)
  • [https://archives.wallonie.be/ark:/44119/qfdv6kn381r2 Site of the Walloon regional archives. Flooding of the Sambre in January 1995.]

{{Authority control}}

Category:Rivers of Belgium

Category:Rivers of France

Category:International rivers of Europe

Category:Rivers of Aisne

Category:Rivers of Nord (French department)

Category:Rivers of Wallonia

Category:Rivers of Hauts-de-France

Category:Rivers of Namur (province)

Category:Rivers of Hainaut (province)

Category:Geography of Namur (city)