Same-sex marriage in Durango
{{short description|2022 legalisation of same-sex marriage in Durango}}
{{SSM}}
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Durango since 19 September 2022 in accordance with an executive order issued by Governor Esteban Villegas Villarreal the previous day, addressed to officials of the state civil registry that same-sex couples can marry in the state.{{Cite web |title=Durango. Aprueban matrimonio igualitario |url=https://www.milenio.com/estados/durango-aprueban-matrimonio-igualitario |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=Grupo Milenio |language=es-MX |archive-date=2022-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919174127/https://www.milenio.com/estados/durango-aprueban-matrimonio-igualitario |url-status=live }} The Congress of Durango passed same-sex marriage legislation three days later.
Legal history
=Background=
{{see also|Same-sex marriage in Mexico#México Igualitario Project}}
On 12 June 2015, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation ruled that state bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional nationwide. The court's ruling is considered a "jurisprudential thesis" and did not invalidate state laws, meaning that same-sex couples denied the right to marry would still have to seek individual amparos in court. The ruling standardized the procedures for judges and courts throughout Mexico to approve all applications for same-sex marriages and made the approval mandatory. The court based its decision on Article 4 of the Constitution of Mexico, which respects matrimonial equality,{{cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mexico_2015.pdf?lang=en|title=Mexico's Constitution of 1917 with Amendments through 2015|work=www.constituteproject.org|access-date=2022-02-12|archive-date=2022-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306031605/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mexico_2015.pdf?lang=en|url-status=live}} stating that "Man and woman are equal under the law. The law shall protect the organization and development of the family."
The first same-sex marriage in Durango was performed in December 2013 for a same-sex couple, who chose to remain anonymous, in Durango City after obtaining an amparo from the Supreme Court.{{cite web|url=http://contextodedurango.com.mx/noticias/2013/12/28/se-celebra-en-durango-la-primera-boda-gay/|title=Se celebra en Durango la primera boda gay|work=contextodedurango.com.mx|publisher=Periódico Contexto de Durango|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220055644/http://contextodedurango.com.mx/noticias/2013/12/28/se-celebra-en-durango-la-primera-boda-gay/|archive-date=20 December 2014}} On 13 November 2014, it was announced that 18 people had filed an amparo for same-sex marriage rights in the state.{{cite web|url=http://ww2.canal10.com.mx/noticias/local/13292 |title=Se amparan 18 personas contra el Congreso para que se permitan uniones personas del mismo sexo |work=Departamento de Programación de Canal 10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129033446/http://ww2.canal10.com.mx/noticias/local/13292 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |date=13 November 2014 |access-date=25 October 2015}} Oral arguments were scheduled for 27 November 2014.{{cite web|url=http://www.milenio.com/region/Amparo_contra_el_Gobierno-el_Congreso_y_el_Registro_Civil-Organizaciones_pro_gay_0_408559292.html|title=Durango se une contra las leyes "homofóbicas"|author=Silvia Ayala|work=Milenio|access-date=2022-09-22|archive-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021004742/http://www.milenio.com/region/Amparo_contra_el_Gobierno-el_Congreso_y_el_Registro_Civil-Organizaciones_pro_gay_0_408559292.html|url-status=live}} Representatives from the Congress of Durango argued against the amparo in court, stating that challenges to provisions of the Civil Code had to be made within 30 days of enactment, thus the plaintiffs were "66 years too late".{{cite web|url=http://ahoradiario.mx/entidad/rechazan-amparo-de-matrimonio-igualitario-con-argumentos-homofogos-comunidad-gay/|title=Ahora Diario – Rechazan amparo de matrimonio igualitario con "Argumentos homófogos": Comunidad Gay|work=Ahora Diario|access-date=2022-09-22|archive-date=2014-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204203141/http://ahoradiario.mx/entidad/rechazan-amparo-de-matrimonio-igualitario-con-argumentos-homofogos-comunidad-gay/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/557530.responden-a-amparo-de-comunidad-gay.html|title=Responden a amparo de comunidad gay|work=elsiglodedurango.com.mx|date=28 November 2014|access-date=22 September 2022|archive-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323103838/https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/557530.responden-a-amparo-de-comunidad-gay.html|url-status=live}} In April 2015, the 18 couples hit another setback when the state claimed they could not seek an amparo because they were not residents of the state. The couples reiterated their intention to take their case to the Supreme Court if needed.{{cite web|url=http://www.noticiasggl.com/durango-general/resuelven-en-contra-del-matrimonio-igualitario-en-durango|title=Resuelven en contra del matrimonio igualitario en Durango|work=Noticieros Garza Limon|access-date=4 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412134733/http://www.noticiasggl.com/durango-general/resuelven-en-contra-del-matrimonio-igualitario-en-durango/|archive-date=12 April 2015|url-status=usurped}} 51 same-sex couples had married via the recurso de amparo remedy by September 2022.
=Legislative action=
In September 2013, Deputy Israel Soto Peña from the Party of the Democratic Revolution introduced a bill to the Congress of Durango to legalize same-sex marriage. On 10 April 2014, the bill was rejected on the basis that it would not sufficiently address the legal changes necessary to amend the Civil Code.{{cite web |title="No acepto"; dicen legisladores de Durango al matrimonio gay |url=http://www.sdpnoticias.com/gay/2014/04/11/no-acepto-dicen-legisladores-de-durango-al-matrimonio-gay |work=SDPnoticias.com |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2019-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323103837/https://www.sdpnoticias.com/gay/2014/04/11/no-acepto-dicen-legisladores-de-durango-al-matrimonio-gay |url-status=live }} In May, Soto Peña announced that he would revamp the measure and resubmit it,{{cite web |author=Silvia Ayala |title='Sin fondo' iniciativa para matrimonios gay en Durango |url=http://www.milenio.com/politica/Congreso_de_Durango-matrimonios_gay-rechazan_iniciativa-PRD-PRI_0_294570621.html |work=Milenio |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2016-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805121025/http://www.milenio.com/politica/Congreso_de_Durango-matrimonios_gay-rechazan_iniciativa-PRD-PRI_0_294570621.html |url-status=live }} which he did on 1 November 2014.{{cite web |title=Promoverán matrimonios igualitarios en Durango |url=http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/movil/?n=1053364 |work=elsiglodetorreon.com.mx |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2014-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103195708/http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/movil/?n=1053364 |url-status=live }} On 10 February 2016, the Justice Commission of the Congress of Durango approved the draft bill.{{Cite web |title=Aprueban en comisiones la legalización del matrimonio gay en Durango |url=http://www.enewspaper.mx/aprueban-en-comisiones-la-legalizacion-del-matrimonio-gay-en-durango/ |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2019-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323103845/https://www.enewspaper.mx/aprueban-en-comisiones-la-legalizacion-del-matrimonio-gay-en-durango/ |url-status=live }} However, the bill's plenary discussion was postponed for 6 months to organize discussions on the matter and to inform legislators on the subject before a vote.{{cite web |date=24 February 2016 |title=Aplazan 6 meses tema de matrimonios gay |url=https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/1200216.aplazan-6-meses-tema-de-matrimonios-gay.html |website=El Siglo |access-date=22 September 2022 |archive-date=23 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323103835/https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/1200216.aplazan-6-meses-tema-de-matrimonios-gay.html |url-status=live }} On 31 January 2017, Congress rejected the bill in a 4–15 vote with 4 abstentions. The four deputies in favor were members of the PRD and the conservative National Action Party (PAN), while those opposed were mostly members of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).{{cite web |date=1 February 2017 |title=Rechazan ley de matrimonio igualitario en Durango |url=http://japii.mx/rechazan-ley-de-matrimonio-igualitario-en-durango/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207161649/http://japii.mx/rechazan-ley-de-matrimonio-igualitario-en-durango/|archive-date=7 February 2017}} The July 2018 elections resulted in the National Revolutionary Movement (MORENA), PRD and the Labor Party (PT), which expressed support for same-sex marriage in their party platforms, winning the majority of legislative seats in Durango.{{cite web |date=3 October 2018 |title=Impulsarán en Durango iniciativa para matrimonio y adopción en parejas homosexuales |url=http://www.noticierosgrem.com.mx/impulsaran-durango-iniciativa-matrimonio-adopcion-parejas-homosexuales/ |access-date=22 September 2022 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005183354/http://www.noticierosgrem.com.mx/impulsaran-durango-iniciativa-matrimonio-adopcion-parejas-homosexuales/ |url-status=live }}
In July 2022 a federal judge ordered the Congress of Durango to consider a same-sex-marriage bill in its next legislative session. The ruling did not require a particular vote but required legislators to go on record as to whether they would vote to legalize same-sex marriage in accordance with Supreme Court jurisprudence.[https://periodicovictoria.mx/local/ordena-juez-federal-al-congreso-del-estado-subir-a-pleno-la-iniciativa-matrimonio-igualitario/ Ordena Juez Federal al Congreso del Estado subir a pleno la iniciativa matrimonio igualitario] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922150529/https://periodicovictoria.mx/local/ordena-juez-federal-al-congreso-del-estado-subir-a-pleno-la-iniciativa-matrimonio-igualitario/ |date=2022-09-22 }}, Victoria 2022 July 12 The court set its deadline until 1 September 2022. For the following two months, members of Congress delayed discussions on the bill and postponed votes several times. On 21 September 2022, only three days after Governor Villegas Villarreal issued an executive decree legalizing same-sex marriage in Durango, Congress voted 15–9 to pass a bill codifying the right to same-sex marriage in the Civil Code and amending non-discrimination laws to include sexual orientation.{{Cite web |last=Durango |first=El Siglo de |date=2022-09-21 |title=Congreso de Durango aprueba el matrimonio igualitario |url=https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/2022/aprueban-en-el-congreso-de-durango-el-matrimonio-igualitario.html |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx |language=es |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921195507/https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/2022/aprueban-en-el-congreso-de-durango-el-matrimonio-igualitario.html |url-status=live }} The bill was published in the official journal on 9 October 2022, and took effect the following day.{{cite web|url=http://secretariageneral.durango.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/2022/10/PON81_.pdf|page=17|language=es|title=Por el que se adiciona un segundo párrafo al artículo 141 y se deroga el artículo 142, ambos del Código Civil del Estado de Durango|work=Periódico Oficial del Estado de Durango}}
Article 141 of the Civil Code was amended to read:
- in Spanish: {{lang|es|Los funcionarios facultados por la Ley para celebrar el matrimonio garantizarán la no discriminación por: origen étnico o nacional, el género, las discapacidades, la condición social, las condiciones de salud, la religión, las opiniones, las preferencias sexuales o cualquier otra que atente contra la dignidad humana y tenga por objeto anular o menoscabar los derechos humanos.}}
- (Officials empowered by law to celebrate marriages will guarantee non-discrimination based on: ethnic or national origin, gender, disability, social status, health condition, religion, opinion, sexual preference or any other reason that violates human dignity and is intended to nullify or undermine human rights.)
| class="wikitable" |
| Political party
! style="width:55pt;"|Members ! style="width:55pt;"|Yes ! style="width:55pt;"|No ! style="width:55pt;"|Abstain |
|---|
| align="left"|File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg Institutional Revolutionary Party
| style="text-align:center;"|8 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|1 |
| align="left"|File:Morena Party (Mexico).png National Regeneration Movement
| style="text-align:center;"|7 | style="text-align:center;"|7 | style="text-align:center;"| | style="text-align:center;"| |
| align="left"|File:PAN (Mexico).svg National Action Party
| style="text-align:center;"|6 | style="text-align:center;"| | style="text-align:center;"|6 | style="text-align:center;"| |
| align="left"|File:PRD logo without border (Mexico).svg Party of the Democratic Revolution
| style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"| | style="text-align:center;"| |
| align="left"| File:Worker's Party logo (Mexico).svg Labor Party
| style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"| | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"| |
| align="left"|File:PVE Party (Mexico).svg Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
| style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"| | style="text-align:center;"| |
| style="text-align:center;"|Total
| style="text-align:center;"|25 ! style="background:#ffdead;"|15 ! style="background:#abd5f5;"|9 | style="text-align:center;"|1 |
=Executive decree (2022)=
On 18 September 2022, Governor Esteban Villegas Villarreal, in office for only three days, published an executive order legalizing same-sex marriage in Durango.{{cite web|url=https://www.milenio.com/estados/durango-aprueban-matrimonio-igualitario|title=Por decreto, aprueban matrimonio igualitario en Durango|work=Milenio|date=18 September 2022|language=es|access-date=22 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922050838/https://www.milenio.com/estados/durango-aprueban-matrimonio-igualitario|url-status=live}} The decree was signed by the Secretary of General of Government, Héctor Vela Valenzuela, published in the state's official journal, and took effect the following day, 19 September 2022. It instructed officials of the state civil registry to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples, to perform marriage ceremonies for all couples without discrimination, and removed the requirement of couples to obtain a judicial amparo.{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/09/19/matrimonio-igualitario-en-durango-ya-es-oficial-personas-del-mismo-sexo-podran-casarse-sin-necesidad-de-amparos/|title=Matrimonio igualitario en Durango ya es oficial: personas del mismo sexo podrán casarse sin necesidad de amparos|work=Infobae|language=es|date=19 September 2022|access-date=22 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922145024/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/09/19/matrimonio-igualitario-en-durango-ya-es-oficial-personas-del-mismo-sexo-podran-casarse-sin-necesidad-de-amparos/|url-status=live}} Villegas Villarreal cited similar decrees in other states, including in Chihuahua in 2015, Baja California in 2017, and Guanajuato in 2021.
Public opinion
According to a 2018 survey by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, 39% of the Durango public opposed same-sex marriage.{{in lang|es}} [https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/mexico/sociedad/data-quien-esta-en-contra-del-matrimonio-gay-3324691.html #Data | ¿Quién está en contra del matrimonio gay?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416181618/https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/mexico/sociedad/data-quien-esta-en-contra-del-matrimonio-gay-3324691.html |date=2019-04-16 }}
See also
References
{{reflist|2}}
External links
- [http://secretariageneral.durango.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/2022/09/PON75_.pdf Executive decree issued by Governor Villegas Villarreal legalizing same-sex marriage]
{{LGBT in Mexico}}
{{Status of same-sex unions}}