Samnuha
Samnuha or Samanuha was the tutelary deity of Shadikanni (Šadikanni; modern Tell 'Ağağa) in the lower Habur area.{{sfn|Kühne|2017|pp=285-286}} It is generally accepted that he had Hurrian origin.{{sfn|Krebernik|2011|p=612}} It is assumed that Šamanminuḫi, a god known from a treaty of Shattiwaza, is the same deity.{{sfn|Krebernik|2011|p=612}}{{sfn|Wilhelm|2011|p=611}} In this document, he occurs before "Teshub, lord of Washukanni," and after KASKAL.KUR.(RA).{{sfn|Haas|2015|p=543}}
Bel-Eresh, a ruler of Shadikanni who was a contemporary of Ashur-resh-ishi I,{{sfn|George|1993|p=169}} renovated the temple of Samanuha and a deity identified by Stephanie Dalley as Kubaba, the Hurrian goddess of Carchemish,{{sfn|Dalley|2002|pp=190-191}} but whose name was actually spelled dGu-ba-ba.{{sfn|Krebernik|2011|p=612}} Whether Gubaba, known also from the Assyrian Tākultu ritual, and Kubaba were the same deity is uncertain, and there are also proposals that this name refers to a masculine deity similar to either Nergal or Amurru.{{sfn|Hawkins|1983|pp=260-261}}
Many attestations of Samanuha come from neo-Assyrian sources.{{sfn|Krebernik|2011|p=612}} He appears in an inscription of Ashurnasirpal II, where he is acknowledged as the personal god of the provincial governor Mushezib-Ninurta,{{sfn|Karlsson|2016|p=146}} the son of a ruler of Shadikanni who bore the theophoric name Samanuha-shar-ilani.{{sfn|Krebernik|2011|p=612}} He continued to be worshiped in Shadikanni at least until the ninth century BCE.{{sfn|Kühne|2017|p=286}} He is also attested as one of the Hurrian deities from Taite (originally a major Mitanni city{{sfn|Haas|2015|p=543}}) in Tākultu, alongside Kumarbi and Nabarbi.{{sfn|Wilhelm|1989|p=52}}
Personal names attest that Samanuha continued to be worshiped at least until the Achaemenid period.{{sfn|Krebernik|2011|p=612}}
References
{{reflist}}
=Bibliography=
- {{cite book|last=Dalley|first=Stephanie|title=Mari and Karana: Two Old Babylonian Cities|publisher=Gorgias Press|publication-place=Piscataway, NJ|date=2002|isbn=978-1-4632-0773-1|doi=10.31826/9781463207731}}
- {{cite book|last=George|first=Andrew R.|title=House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia|publisher=Eisenbrauns|publication-place=Winona Lake|year=1993|isbn=0-931464-80-3|oclc=27813103}}
- {{cite book|last=Haas|first=Volkert|title=Geschichte der hethitischen Religion|publisher=Brill|series=Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1: The Near and Middle East|year=2015|isbn=978-90-04-29394-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOh5DwAAQBAJ|language=de|access-date=2022-03-06}}
- {{citation|last=Hawkins|first=John D.|entry=Kubaba A. Philologisch · Kubaba A. Philological|encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie|year=1983|entry-url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#6674|access-date=2022-03-06}}
- {{cite book|last=Karlsson|first=Mattias|title=Relations of Power in Early Neo-Assyrian State Ideology|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2016|isbn=978-1-61451-691-0|doi=10.1515/9781614516910}}
- {{citation|last=Krebernik|first=Manfred|entry=Sam(a)nuḫa/u|encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie|year=2011|entry-url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#10296|language=de|access-date=2022-03-06}}
- {{cite book|last=Kühne|first=Hartmut|title=At the Dawn of History|chapter=The Temple of Salmānu at Dūr-Katlimmu, Nergal of Hubšalum, and Nergal-ereš|publisher=Penn State University Press|date=2017|doi=10.1515/9781575064741-020}}
- {{cite book|last=Wilhelm|first=Gernot|title=The Hurrians|publisher=Aris & Phillips|publication-place=Warminster, England|year=1989|isbn=978-0-85668-442-5|oclc=21036268}}
- {{citation|last=Wilhelm|first=Gernot|entry=Šamanminuḫi|encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie|year=2011|entry-url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#10293|language=de|access-date=2022-03-06}}