Samuel Flagg Bemis

Bemis was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, on what he remembered as "the wrong side of the hedge".Combs, American diplomatic history (1983) p 156. He received his B.A. degree in 1912 from Clark University. Influenced by George Hubbard Blakeslee of the Clark faculty, Bemis also acquired an A.M. from Clark the following year.Russell H. Bostert and John A. DeNovo, "Samuel Flagg Bemis," Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society vol. LXXXV (1973): 117 In 1916 he was granted his Ph.D. by Harvard University. He first taught at Colorado College from 1917 to 1921.Lester D. Langley, "The Diplomatic Historians: Bailey and Bemis," The History Teacher Vol. 6, No. 1 (November 1972): 60. From 1921 to 1923, he taught at Whitman College in Walla Walla, Washington. In 1923–1924, he served as a research associate at the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Division of Historical Research. Bemis joined the faculty at George Washington University in 1924, remaining there a decade, and accepted the history department's chairmanship in 1925. From 1927 to 1929, he led the Library of Congress's European Mission.{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia.gwu.edu/gwencyclopedia/index.php?title=Bemis%2C_Samuel_Flagg |title=Bemis, Samuel Flagg - GWUEncyc |access-date=2013-03-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507193801/http://encyclopedia.gwu.edu/gwencyclopedia/index.php?title=Bemis,_Samuel_Flagg |archive-date=2012-05-07 }} He left George Washington University in 1934, first serving as lecturer at Harvard University for the 1934–1935 academic year while James Phinney Baxter III was on research leave."Bemis is Chosen History Lecturer Replacing Baxter," Harvard Crimson, April 20, 1934. Then, in 1935, he took up his position at Yale University, where he remained through the end of his career. He was first the Farnham Professor of Diplomatic History and then in 1945 became the Sterling Professor of Diplomatic History and Inter-American Relations."Obituaries," Journal of American History, Vol. 60, No. 4 (March 1974): 1216–1217.Heinz Dietrich Fischer and Erika J. Fischer, Complete biographical encyclopedia of Pulitzer Prize winners, 1917–2000 (Walter de Gruyter, 2002): 18.Russell H. Bostert and John A. DeNovo, "Samuel Flagg Bemis," Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society vol. LXXXV (1973): 117–129. In 1958, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=June 2, 2011}} He retired in 1960, and served as president of the American Historical Association in 1961. His presidential address for the AHA engaged the topic of "American Foreign Policy and the Blessings of Liberty".{{cite web|url=http://www.historians.org/info/aha_history/sfbemis.htm|title=Samuel Flagg Bemis - AHA|website=Historians.org|access-date=11 August 2017}} He died in Bridgeport, Connecticut, aged 81.

He originally supported the League of Nations but after two decades changed his mind:

{{quote|The League of Nations has been a disappointing failure. ... It has been a failure, not because the United States did not join it; but because the great powers have been unwilling to apply sanctions except where it suited their individual national interests to do so, and because Democracy, on which the original concepts of the League rested for support, has collapsed over half the world.Quoted in Combs, p 158.}}

Image:Prof Bemis reading list History 32a Fall 1949.jpg

Mark Gilderhus says Bemis was a "founding father" of the field of diplomatic history in the United States. His tone was nationalistic, typically blaming America's antagonists for conflicts, but he rose above jingoism and provided analysis which ran counter to State Department views. For Bemis, the great achievement US–Latin American relations was Franklin Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy. He praised it for unifying the Pan American nations, along with the US leadership against Fascists and Nazis. During the Cold War, Bemis saw Latin America as a minor backwater of diplomacy.Gilderhus, 1997

Bemis was a strong writer, and his works attracted prizes for their quality. He also impressed upon his students the importance of good writing, a trend which they frequently passed down to their own students. He won the Pulitzer Prize twice. Bemis's books include Jay's Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy (1924 and later reprint editions), which won the Knights of Columbus Historical Prize. His Pinckney's Treaty: America's Advantage from Europe's Distress, 1783–1800 (1926) was the published version of the Albert Shaw Lectures on Diplomatic History, and was the winner of the 1927 Pulitzer Prize for History. His other works include The Latin American Policy of the United States (1943) and The Diplomacy of the American Revolution (1935).

His single greatest scholarly achievement was his two-volume life of John Quincy Adams. John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy (1949) won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography in 1950; its sequel, John Quincy Adams and the Union (1956), covered Adams's life from his Presidency through his second political career as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. Bemis's favorable view of Adams is distilled in his observation that Adams grasped "the essentials of American policy and the position of the United States in the world."

His 18-volume series The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy appeared first in ten volumes (published by Knopf in 1927–1929) covering Robert R. Livingston to Charles Evans Hughes. These were reprinted in 1958, and the success of the series prompted the creation of a further eight volumes, covering Frank B. Kellogg to Christian Herter, published through 1972.Bemis, "Preface to New Volumes," in Robert A. Ferrell, Frank B. Kellogg, Vol. XI, The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy (New York: Cooper Square Publishers, 1963): vii. He also authored a well-known textbook on diplomatic history that first appeared in 1936 and went through four revisions."Obituaries," Journal of American History, 1217

• Knights of Columbus Historical Prize
• 1926 Albert Shaw Lectures on Diplomatic History
• 1927 Pulitzer Prize for History
• 1950 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography
• 1954 Guggenheim Fellowship for Creatives Arts-Biography{{cite web |url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/1029-samuel-flagg-bemis |title=Samuel Flagg Bemis - John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |access-date=2011-11-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604105027/http://www.gf.org/fellows/1029-samuel-flagg-bemis |archive-date=2012-06-04 }}
• 1958 Elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

• Jay's Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy (1923){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lwt3AAAAMAAJ|title=Jay's Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy|last=Bemis|first=Samuel Flagg|date=1923-01-01|publisher=Macmillan|language=en}}
• Pinckney's Treaty: America's Advantage from Europe's Distress, 1783–1800 (1926){{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/pinckneystreatya027511mbp|title=Pinckneys Treaty Americans Advantage From Europes Distress 1783–1800|last=Samuel Flagg Bemis|date=1960-01-01|publisher=Yale University Press}}
• The American Secretaries of State and their Diplomacy (18 vols., 1927–1972){{Cite book|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007156072|title=The American Secretaries of State and their diplomacy.|last1=Bemis|first1=Samuel Flagg|last2=Ferrell|first2=Robert H.|publisher=Cooper Square Publishers|location=New York}}
• The Hussey-Cumberland Mission and American Independence (1931){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDQfPQAACAAJ|title=The Hussey-Cumberland Mission and American Independence|last=Bemis|first=Samuel F.|date=1987-06-01|publisher=Peter Smith Publisher, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-8446-1069-6}}
• {{Cite book| title=The Diplomacy of the American Revolution | publisher=American Historical Association| year=1935|url=https://archive.org/details/TheDiplomacyOfTheAmericanRevolution}}{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/diplomacyofameri00bemi|url-access=registration|title=The diplomacy of the American Revolution|last=Bemis|first=Samuel Flagg|date=1957-01-01|publisher=Indiana University Press}}
• Guide to the Diplomatic History of the United States, 1775–1921 (with Grace Gardner Griffin) (1935, reprinted 1951){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OV4LAAAAYAAJ|title=Guide to the Diplomatic History of the United States: 1775–1921|last1=Bemis|first1=Samuel Flagg|last2=Griffin|first2=Grace Gardner|date=1935-01-01|publisher=US Government Printing Office}}
• A Diplomatic History of the United States (1936){{Cite book|title=A Diplomatic History of the United States|last=Bemis|first=Samuel Flagg|year=1936|publisher=Holt|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77553}}
• [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/sites/default/files/proceedings/44806951.pdf The Rayneval Memoranda of 1782 on Western Boundaries and Some Comments on the French Historian Doniol (1937)]
• [https://americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44806992.pdf Early Diplomatic Missions from Buenos Aires to the United States, 1811–1824] (1940){{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWYKAQAAMAAJ|title=Early diplomatic missions from Buenos Aires to the United States, 1811–1824|last1=Cabon|first1=Adolphe|last2=Bemis|first2=Samuel Flagg|date=1940-01-01}}
• The Latin American Policy of the United States (1943)
• John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy (1949){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4xLAAAAYAAJ|title=John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy|last=Bemis|first=Samuel Flagg|date=1981-01-01|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-22636-6|language=en}}
• John Quincy Adams and the Union (1956){{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/johnquincyadamst00bemi|url-access=registration|title=John Quincy Adams and the Union|last=Bemis|first=Samuel Flagg|year=1956|publisher=Knopf}}
• [https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/presidential-addresses/samuel-flagg-bemis "American Foreign Policy and the Blessings of Liberty"], presidential address was delivered to the American Historical Association, December 29, 1961. American Historical Review 67#2 (January 1962): 291–305.

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{cite journal |last=Gilderhus |first=Mark T. |title=Founding Father: Samuel Flagg Bemis and the Study of U.S.-Latin American Relations |journal=Diplomatic History |year=1997 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1111/1467-7709.00048 |doi-access=free }}
• {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Clyde N. |title=Twentieth-Century American Historians |publisher=Gale |year=1983 |series=Dictionary of Literary Biography |volume=17 |pages=64–60 }}
• {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia Americana |edition=1969 |page=533 }}

• Samuel Flagg Bemis papers (MS 74). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.[http://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/mssa.ms.0074]
• {{Internet Archive author |sname=Samuel Flagg Bemis}}
• {{Find a Grave}}

{{American Historical Association presidents}}

{{PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 1926–1950}}

{{PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1926–1950}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bemis, Samuel Flagg}}

Category:1891 births

Category:1973 deaths

Category:Clark University alumni

Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Category:Harvard University alumni

Category:Historians of the United States

Category:Presidents of the American Historical Association

Category:Pulitzer Prize for History winners

Category:Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners

Category:Yale University faculty

Category:Writers from Worcester, Massachusetts

Category:Historians of American foreign relations

Category:Yale Sterling Professors