Samuel Guze

{{short description|American physician}}

Samuel Barry Guze (October 18, 1923 – July 19, 2000) was an American psychiatrist, medical educator, and researcher. A graduate of City College of New York and Washington University School of Medicine, he was an influential psychiatrist.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/22/us/samuel-guze-76-psychiatrist-who-pushed-link-to-medicine.html|title=Samuel Guze, 76, Psychiatrist Who Pushed Link to Medicine|first=Wolfgang|last=Saxon|date=2000-07-22|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=2011-12-28}} He worked at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis for most of his career.Fatemi; Clayton, p.738{{cite book |last1=Rubin |first1=Eugene |title=A History of the Department of Psychiatry at Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine |date=2022 |publisher=Bernard Becker Medical Library Archives, Washington University in St. Louis |location=St. Louis |url=https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/wusm_histories/10/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |ref=WUSTL_psychiatry_history}} In addition to twice serving as department chair, he led the School of Medicine as Vice Chancellor for Medical Affairs (1971-1989).{{cite web |title=The Guze Symposium |url=https://neuroscienceprogram.wustl.edu/Events/Named-Lectures/Guze-Symposium |website=Washington University Program in Neuroscience |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205162337/https://neuroscienceprogram.wustl.edu/Events/Named-Lectures/Guze-Symposium |archive-date=2023-02-05 |ref=Guze-Symposium-site}}{{cite web |last1=Rubin |first1=Eugene |title=History Timeline |url=https://psychiatry.wustl.edu/about/history-timeline/ |website=Washington University Department of Psychiatry |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205163100/https://psychiatry.wustl.edu/about/history-timeline/ |access-date=5 February 2023 |archive-date=2023-02-05 |ref=WUSTL-psychiatry-timeline}}{{cite web |last1=Guze |first1=Samuel B. |title=Transcript: Samuel B. Guze, 1994 |url=http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/oral/transcripts/guze1994.html |website=Washington University School of Medicine Oral History Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205163034/http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/oral/transcripts/guze1994.html |access-date=5 February 2023 |archive-date=2023-02-05 |ref=Guze-oral-history}}

Along with Eli Robins,Ghaemi, p.70 George Winokur and others, Guze advanced psychiatry by establishing criteria for diagnosis. A short paper by Guze and Robins contained a discussion of validity from a medical perspective. and came up with five phases of research that demonstrated that a diagnostic concept represented a disease.Oxford Uni These five phases were: clinical description, laboratory studies, delimitation from other disorders, follow-up studies and family studies. While previously two psychiatrists might interview the same patient and propose differing diagnoses, the Guze system led to great leaps in diagnostic reliability, that is, different physicians would agree more often on what the diagnosis really was. Following publication of what came to be known as the Feighner Criteria, in 1980 he helped compile Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (3rd edition). The Feighner et al publication became a "citation classic," cited 4,000 times.{{cite journal |title=This Week's Citation Classic |journal=Current Contents |date=1989-10-23 |issue=43 |page=14 |url=http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1989/A1989AU44300001.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205162337/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1989/A1989AU44300001.pdf |access-date=5 February 2023 |archive-date=2023-02-05 |ref=Feighner-Citation-Classic}}{{cite web |title=Citations of Feighner et al, Diagnostic Criteria for Use in Psychiatric Research |url=https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0015253447 |website=Scopus |access-date=5 February 2023}} Diagnostic reliability is still an essential component to modern versions of the Manual.

He was also among the first psychiatrists to study twins as a way to investigate the role of heredity in mental illness and contributed to the knowledge of genetic vulnerability to alcoholism and schizophrenia.