Samuel Shaw Howland

Howland was born on August 15, 1790. He was a son of Joseph Howland Sr. (1749–1836) and Lydia (née Bill) Howland (1753–1838), who married in Norwich, Connecticut in 1772.{{cite book |last1=Thurtle |first1=Robert Glenn |title=Lineage Book of Hereditary Order of Descendants of Colonial Governors |date=2009 |publisher=Genealogical Publishing Com |isbn=9780806350875 |page=127 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUmYgRsSTZUC&pg=PA127 |access-date=18 July 2019 |language=en}} Among his siblings were Lydia Howland (wife of Levi Coit), Jane Abigail Howland (wife of George Muirson Woolsey and uncle to Theodore Dwight Woolsey), Susan Howland (wife of John Aspinwall, a descendant of settler William Aspinwall),{{cite book|last1=Aspinwall|first1=Algernon Aikin|title=The Aspinwall Genealogy|date=1901|publisher=The Tuttle Co., Printers|location=Rutland, VT|url=https://archive.org/details/aspinwallgenealo00aspi|access-date=31 January 2018}}{{cite book|last1=Aspinwall|first1=John|last2=Collins|first2=Aileen Sutherland|title=Travels in Britain, 1794-1795: the diary of John Aspinwall, great-grandfather of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, with a brief history of his Aspinwall forebears|date=1994|publisher=Parsons Press|isbn=9780963848765|pages=149|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ok8KAQAAMAAJ|access-date=31 January 2018|language=en}} Harriet Howland (third wife of Assemblyman James Roosevelt), Gardiner Greene Howland, and Mary Ann Howland (wife of Ezra Conklin Woodhull).{{cite book|last1=Barrett|first1=Walter|title=The Old Merchants of New York City, Second Series|date=1864|publisher=Carleton, Publisher|location=New York|page=337|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IR2YOYMplbMC&pg=PA337|access-date=31 January 2018|language=en}}

His paternal grandparents were Abigail (née Burt) Howland and Nathaniel Howland, a descendant of John Howland, one of the Pilgrim Fathers and a signer of the 1620 Mayflower Compact, the governing document of what became Plymouth Colony.{{cite book|last1=Whittelsey|first1=Charles Barney|title=The Roosevelt Genealogy, 1649-1902|date=1902|publisher=Press of J.B. Burr & Company|location=Hartford, Connecticut|url=https://archive.org/details/rooseveltgenealo00whit|access-date=18 October 2016|language=en}} His niece Mary Rebecca Aspinwall was married to James Roosevelt's son, Isaac Roosevelt, the grandfather of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.{{cite web|title=Roosevelt Genealogy|url=http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/resources/genealogy.html#fdrpaternal|website=fdrlibrary.marist.edu|publisher=Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum|access-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529045439/http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/resources/genealogy.html#fdrpaternal|archive-date=29 May 2014|url-status=dead}}

Howland and his brother Gardiner Greene Howland founded the merchant firm of G.G. & S.S. Howland, which imported high-status goods such as porcelain, silk, and tea from China, and sold them to Americans of means.{{cite book|last1=Kienholz|first1=M.|title=Opium Traders and Their Worlds-Volume One: A Revisionist Exposé of the World's Greatest Opium Traders|date=2008|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=9780595910786|page=403|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YlO9qraI4MC&pg=PT403|access-date=31 January 2018|language=en}} In 1832, upon the admission of two of his nephews, William Edgar Howland and William Henry Aspinwall, the firm became known as Howland & Aspinwall.{{cite news |date=January 19, 1875 |title=Obituary: William H. Aspinwall |pages=8 |work=New York Times |format=PDF |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1875/01/19/archives/obituary-william-h-aspinwall-rev-benjamin-b-newton-the-dartmouth.html |access-date=December 16, 2008 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|93489146}}}} Aspinwall assumed the presidency in 1835 and expanded trade to South America, China, Europe, the Mediterranean, and the East and West Indies. Howland & Aspinwall owned some of the most famous clipper ships ever built.{{cite book|last1=Blume|first1=Kenneth J.|title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry|date=2012|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810856349|page=227|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA227|access-date=31 January 2018|language=en}}

In 1845, while the firm owned the Ann McKim which was regarded as the fastest ship afloat, it built the Rainbow, which was even faster. The Rainbow was the high-tech racehorse of its day, and is considered to be the first of the extreme clippers. Instead of the bluff bow that was customary on ships up until that time, the Rainbow had a sharp bow, prompting on-lookers to joke that maybe she would sail better backwards. The next year, Howland & Aspinwall had the Sea Witch built, which set a speed record from China to New York which still stands.Somerville, Col. Duncan S., The Aspinwall Empire, p. 22, Mystic Seaport Museum, Inc., Mystic, CT, 1983. The firm and its profits made the Howlands and Aspinwalls very wealthy,{{cite book|last1=Hillstrom|first1=Kevin|last2=Hillstrom|first2=Laurie Collier|title=The Industrial Revolution in America: Iron and steel|date=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781851096206|page=83|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUIbzBymAjIC&pg=RA2-PA83|access-date=31 January 2018|language=en}}

In 1840s, another nephew, John Lloyd Aspinwall, succeeded William Henry Aspinwall (John was William's younger brother) as president of the firm. In 1848, the Howlands, along with William Henry Aspinwall and Samuel's son-in-law Henry Chauncey, founded the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, to provide service to California.{{cite news |date=January 21, 1875 |title=Testimonial to the Late William H. Aspinwall. |pages=8 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1875/01/21/archives/testimonial-to-the-late-william-h-aspinwall.html |access-date=31 January 2018 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|93515102}}}} This turned out to be a rather good year in which to start a steamship line to California, since the Gold Rush started the next year. Howland & Aspinwall were also the recipients of a federal government subsidy to operate their trans-oceanic steamship line, against which they were forced to compete with the unsubsidized line owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt.{{cite book|last=Stiles|first=T.J.|author-link=T. J. Stiles|title=The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt|year=2009|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York|isbn=978-0-375-41542-5}} The company's first vessel to make the trip was packed with passengers. Pacific Mail eventually became American President Lines,Niven, John, The American President Lines and its Forebears 1948-1984, p. 15, University of Delaware Press, Newark, NJ, 1987. which is now part of Neptune Orient Lines.Elias, Rahita, Beyond Boundaries: The First 35 Years of the NOL Story, p. 8, Neptune Orient Lines Ltd., 2004.

In 1818, Howland was married to Joanna Esther Hone (1799–1848), the daughter of John Hone. Joanna was a niece of Philip Hone, the noted diarist and mayor of New York City. Together, Joanna and Samuel were the parents of:{{cite book |last1=Society |first1=Dutchess County Historical |title=Year Book of the Dutchess County Historical Society |date=1928 |publisher=The Dutchess County Historical Society |pages=61–63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9spAQAAMAAJ |access-date=25 June 2021 |language=en}}

• Joanna Hone Howland (1820–1842), who married George Buckman Dorr (1806–1875), son of Boston Selectmen Samuel Dorr, in 1837.{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=David H. |title=Marine Physiology Down East: The Story of the Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory |date=2015 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4939-2960-3 |page=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4NgCgAAQBAJ |access-date=25 June 2021 |language=en}}
• Caroline Howland (1821–1863), who married merchant and banker Charles Handy Russell, cousin of U.S. Representative Jonathan Russell and U.S. Minister at Stockholm,{{cite book |last1=Russell |first1=Charles Howland |title=Memoir of Charles H. Russell, 1796-1884 |date=1903 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/memoirofcharlesh00russ |access-date=24 June 2021}} in 1850.{{cite book |last1=Bartlett |first1=John Russell |title=Genealogy of that Branch of the Russell Family which Comprised the Descendants of John Russell, of Woburn, Massachusetts, 1640-1878 |date=1879 |publisher=Providence Press |isbn=978-0-608-33659-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2e0UAAAAYAAJ |access-date=25 June 2021 |language=en}}
• Louisa Howland (1826–1897), who married Hamilton Hoppin (1821–1885), uncle of architects Howard and Francis L. V. Hoppin, in 1849.{{cite book |last1=Crane |first1=Ellery Bicknell |title=The Rawson Family: A Revised Memoir Or Edward Rawson, Secretary of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, from 1650-1686; with Genealogical Notices of His Descendants, Including Nine Generations |date=1875 |publisher=Family |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kE1MAAAAMAAJ |access-date=25 June 2021 |language=en}}
• Mary Ann Howland (1830–1855), who married Alexander Van Rensselaer, a younger son of Stephen Van Rensselaer, in 1851.{{cite book|last1=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute|title=Biographical Record of the Officers and Graduates of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1824-1886|date=1887|publisher=W.H. Young|page=77|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9LgAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA77|access-date=6 March 2018|language=en|author1-link=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute}} After her death, Alexander married Louisa Barnewell.{{cite web|last1=Sullivan|first1=Robert G.|title=Hudson-Mohawk Genealogical and Family Memoirs: Van Rensselaer Vol. IV|url=http://www.schenectadyhistory.org/families/hmgfm/vanrensselaer-3.html|website=www.schenectadyhistory.org|publisher=Schenectady County Public Library|access-date=6 December 2016|pages=1814–1821|date=1911}}
• Emily Aspinwall Howland (1832–1897), who married Henry Chauncey Jr. (1825–1897) in 1853.{{cite book |last1=of 1844 |first1=Harvard University Class |title=The Class of 1844, Harvard College, Fifty Years' After Graduation |date=1896 |publisher=J. Wilson and Son |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WlQZAAAAYAAJ |access-date=25 June 2021 |language=en}}
• Joseph Howland (1834–1886), a Union Army officer who became New York State Treasurer; he married Eliza Newton Woolsey in 1855.
• Catherine Clinton Howland (1841–1880),{{cite book |last1=Connecticut |first1=General Society of Colonial Wars (U S. ) |last2=Connecticut |first2=Society of Colonial Wars in the State of |title=Register of Pedigrees and Services of Ancestors |date=1941 |publisher=Case, Lockwood & Brainard Company |page=952 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ngOAQAAMAAJ |access-date=25 June 2021 |language=en}} who married architect Richard Morris Hunt in 1861.{{cite book |title=Who's who in New York City and State |date=1914 |publisher=L.R. Hamersly Company |page=379 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5exHAQAAMAAJ |access-date=25 June 2021 |language=en}}

Howland died in Rome on February 9, 1853. At his death, he left an estate valued in excess of $11,000,000 that included stock in the New York Steam Sugar Refining Company, a gas company in New Orleans and an Alabama bank. To each of his six children (that survived him), five daughters and one son, Howland left a quarter of a million dollars.{{cite book |last1=Glymph |first1=Thavolia |title=The Women's Fight: The Civil War's Battles for Home, Freedom, and Nation |date=2019 |publisher=UNC Press Books |isbn=978-1-4696-5364-8 |page=156 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FOmRDwAAQBAJ |access-date=25 June 2021 |language=en}}

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Category:1790 births

Category:1853 deaths

Category:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery

Category:Businesspeople from Manhattan

Category:Businesspeople from New York City

Category:Howland family

Category:19th-century American merchants