San Diego High School

File:Russ High School.jpg

In 1881, voters approved $12,000 to construct a new school in San Diego. It was established in 1882 and initially named Russ School after lumberman Joseph Russ, who donated the lumber to build the school.{{cite web |url=http://www.sandi.net/domain/2971 |title=San Diego High School's History |access-date=2014-01-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203234006/http://www.sandi.net/domain/2971 |archive-date=2014-02-03 }} The school was built in the Italian Villa style with a low-hip roof, ironwork parapet, and open-bell tower. It consisted of two stories and eight rooms. The school opened to a class of 308 students from grades 1 through 8.

In 1888 a high school was added, with three teachers. The high school students took over the upper floor; elementary and primary students occupied the lower floor. The first commencement was held in 1889, with four students graduating. In 1893 high school students took over the entire school, which was renamed Russ High School.{{cite web|url=http://www.balboaparkhistory.net/glimpses/sdhs_balboa_park.pdf|title=San Diego High School District and Balboa Park|work=Balboaparkhistory.net|access-date=16 August 2015}}

In 1906 the school building was moved several hundred feet to allow for the construction of a new school. The original building was stripped of its ornamentation and was used for storage, dressing rooms, and a cafeteria. It burned down in 1911.

File:San Diego High School's Gray Castle.jpg

By 1902 the school had become overcrowded and a new school, San Diego High School, was built on the original site, opening on April 13, 1907. The new building, designed by F.S. Allen, contained 65 rooms and was built in the Gothic Revival style, with towers flanking the entrances. It was built of brick with a veneer of granite. Students thought it resembled a castle and nicknamed it "The Grey Castle." It was later admitted that the design of The Grey Castle took inspiration from Joliet Prison in Illinois.{{Citation |title=History of San Diego High School |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1uKRL3J0Z0 |access-date=2023-07-26 |language=en}}

In 1913 a polytechnic school was added, with three additional Gothic-style buildings housing classes in manual arts, domestic arts, and fine arts. By 1913 there were 55 teachers and 1518 students. The school reached its peak attendance, 3327 students, in 1928.

Balboa Stadium, just east of the high school, was dedicated in 1915. The 2,500-seat Russ Auditorium, just south of the school, was dedicated on May 13, 1926.

File:San Diego High School's Gray Castle (mossy).jpg

To comply with California legislation in the 1960s that required all school districts to demolish or retrofit any school building built prior to 1933 for earthquake safety reasons, the "Grey Castle" building was torn down. The first of four buildings constructed prior to 1933 was torn down along with the Russ Auditorium in 1973; Building 101, the "original Grey Castle", was the last building to be torn down in 1975. The replacement building, consisting of four concrete-block buildings with blue trim, was re-dedicated on November 6, 1976. Gargoyles from the façade of Russ Auditorium can be seen in a fountain near the school entrance, and heavy carved doors from the "Gray Castle" were installed on the administration building.

File:San Diego High School.jpg

In June 2004, as part of the national "School-within-a-School" movement and with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, San Diego High School was divided into six thematic schools, collectively called the San Diego High Educational Complex. Each of the six schools of approximately 500 students had its own administration and staff:{{cite web |last=Magee |first=Maureen |date=2005-03-21 |title=Benefits of specialized schools may take years to measure |url=http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/education/20050321-9999-1m21small.html |access-date=2013-01-24 |work=San Diego Union Tribune}} The schools were:

• School of International Studies (incorporating an existing International Baccalaureate program)
• Lead, Explore, Achieve, Discover and Serve High School (LEADS)
• School of Business
• School of Science and Technology (SciTech)
• School of Media, Visual and Performing Arts (MVPA; School of the Arts)
• School of Communication Investigations in a Multicultural Atmosphere (CIMA)

In approximately 2009, the School of Communication shut down due to an insufficient number of students. In 2013 the School of Business and the School of LEADS combined to form the School of Business and Leadership, leaving four academies.{{cite web |date=2013-05-14 |title=Board Agenda Alert: May 14, 2013 |url=http://www.upfored.org/2013/05/board_agenda_al_16.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202170919/http://www.upfored.org/2013/05/board_agenda_al_16.php |archive-date=February 2, 2014 |access-date=2014-01-23 |publisher=San Diego United Parents for Education}} At the end of the 2014–2015 academic year the art academy was also closed down. For the 2015–2016 school year, the campus was reunited under a single principal, with the three remaining academies – International Studies, Business, and Science and Technology – each functioning under a vice principal.{{cite news |last=Magee |first=Maureen |date=June 12, 2015 |title=San Diego High's big break up on the mend |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2015/jun/12/sd-high-one-principal/ |access-date=16 August 2015}} In 2021, the three remaining schools were merged back into a single school, while still offering its International Baccalaureate and California Partnership Academy programs.{{Cite web |title=San Diego High School History |url=https://sdhs.sandiegounified.org/about_us/diego_high_school_history |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=sdhs.sandiegounified.org |language=en-US}}

In late 2021, the San Diego Unified School District unveiled its plans to modernize the SDHS campus. Among other improvements, this included demolishing and replacing the 100 buildings constructed in 1976, and improved HVAC systems for the 400, 500, and 600 buildings.{{Cite web |title=San Diego HS: Whole Site Modernization |url=https://fpcprojects.sandi.net/Pages/Project.aspx?projWBS=93560050.1 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=fpcprojects.sandi.net}}{{Cite web |title=A 3D Flythrough of Upcoming San Diego High |url=https://sandiegounified.org/about/newscenter/all_news/a_3_d_flythrough_of_upcoming_san_diego_high |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=sandiegounified.org |language=en-US}} The ground-breaking ceremony occurred on May 2, 2022, and construction was expected to be completed by 2025.{{Cite web |title=Major Modernizations Underway at San Diego High |url=https://sandiegounified.org/about/newscenter/all_news/major_modernizations_underway_at_san_diego_high |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=sandiegounified.org |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last1=Rendon-Alvarez |first1=Karla |last2=Stafford |first2=Audra |last3=Little • • |first3=Joe |title=San Diego High School Kicks Off Modernization Project |url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/business/ignite-san-diego/san-diego-high-school-to-kick-off-modernization-project/2936218/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=NBC 7 San Diego |date=3 May 2022 |language=en-US}}

In May 2006, Newsweek magazine ranked 1,200 public high schools in the U.S. and named San Diego High School of International Studies as 22nd best, making it the highest-ranking school in San Diego County and the second highest in the state of California.{{cite web |date=April 30, 2006 |title=NEWSWEEK COVER: America's Best High Schools, 2006 |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/newsweek-cover-americas-best-high-schools-2006-56802282.html |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=PR Newswire}} In 2009, US News ranked over 21,000 high schools in the United States and named San Diego High School of International Studies as 44th best, with an International Baccalaureate (IB) exam pass rate of 98% and an API score of over 800.{{cite web |date=2009-12-09 |title=School of International Studies San Diego High School |url=https://www.usnews.com/listings/high-schools/california/school_of_international_studies_san_diego_high_school |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811110817/http://www.usnews.com/listings/high-schools/california/school_of_international_studies_san_diego_high_school |archive-date=2010-08-11 |access-date=2014-01-23 |work=America's Best High Schools 2009 |publisher=US News}}

San Diego High is home to three academies established within the scope of the California Department of Education California Partnership Academies (CPA) program.{{cite web |url=http://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/gs/hs/cpagen.asp |title=California Partnership Academies (CPA) |publisher=California Department of Education |access-date=2014-01-24}} The CPA model is a three-year program (grades ten-twelve) structured as a school-within-a-school. The first one, the Academy of Finance, was established in 2007 at the School of Business and Leadership.{{cite web |url=http://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/gs/hs/documents/cpadirectory.xls |title=California Partnership Academies Directory |publisher=California Department of Education |date=2013-05-08 |access-date=2014-01-24}} Two more, the San Diego Medical Technology Academy (MedTech) established in 2011 and the Green Engineering Academy (GeoTech) established 2012 at the School of Science and Technology, with the first classes graduating in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The curriculum at Medtech Academy is based on the Biomedical Sciences program by Project Lead The Way (PLTW).{{cite web |url=https://www.pltw.org/our-network/pltw-schools |title=PLTW Schools |publisher=Project Lead The Way |access-date=2014-01-23}}

{{Main|Balboa Stadium}}

San Diego High's football stadium, Balboa Stadium, was built in 1914 for the 1915 Panama–California Exposition with a capacity of 19,000 at that time. U.S. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Delano Roosevelt gave speeches there. From 1961 to 1966 it was the home of the San Diego Chargers after being expanded to 34,000 capacity.{{cite web |url=http://www.chargers.com/team/history/chronology/1959-1969.html |title=Chronology 1959–1969 |publisher=San Diego Chargers |access-date=2014-01-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012165235/http://www.chargers.com/team/history/chronology/1959-1969.html |archive-date=2009-10-12 }} Over the years it has played host to music legends such as Jimi Hendrix, and The Beatles in 1965. The 1914 stadium was torn down in the 1970s and a new one was dedicated in 1978 with a seating capacity of about 3,000. In 2009 the stadium saw new turf decorated with the school's mascot, the Caver. The stadium is used for various sports including football, soccer, and track, as well as San Diego High School graduation ceremonies.

• High School Football National Championship: 1916, 1955
• High school baseball national champions: 1921
• CIF football state champions: 2018{{cite news|url=https://fox5sandiego.com/2018/12/20/san-diego-cavers-bring-home-first-state-football-title/|title=San Diego Cavers bring home first state football title|date=December 20, 2018|work=Fox News San Diego|access-date=13 June 2019}}
• CIF San Diego Section champions, boys' basketball: 1965, 1967, 1975 (D2A), 2008 (D1), 2017, 2018 (D4)
• CIF San Diego Section champions, girls' basketball: 2020

• The 1922 San Diego High baseball team was barred from league play by the CIF after its 1921 National Championship Squad played an unsanctioned game against the East's best baseball team of that time, Cleveland High. This game drew 11,000 fans and saw San Diego High defeat Cleveland 10–0. During the 1922 season, the team played college and independent teams, losing to just Stanford and the Sherman Indians. They beat Cleveland again in front of 13,000 fans.
• San Diego High participated in the first high school football game in San Diego County in 1898, defeating Escondido High School 6–0. Players and coaches from San Diego traveled in covered wagons over two days to reach their destination.
• Mia Labovitz in 1987 became the first female in the nation to score multiple points during a Varsity football game. In 1988, she kicked the game-winner (3–0) against St. Augustine High School, becoming the first female to score all of her team's points in a contest. She would finish her career with 4 FG and 8 PATs.
• Kate Sessions, considered the "mother of Balboa Park," taught at San Diego High in 1884.
• San Diego High claims that, in 1922, its cheerleading squad was the first high school or college to use female cheerleaders.

• San Diego High School's teams are known as the Cavers — originally the Cavemen.{{cite book |last=Swank |first=Bill |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLF6Nf9WeD8C&q=san+diego+high+school+cavemen&pg=PA89 |title=Baseball In San Diego: From The Plaza To The Padres |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=9780738534121 |page=89}}
• The nickname originated in 1919 when a Russ reporter noted that the football players emerging from the tunnel leading to Balboa Stadium resembled cavemen emerging from a cave.{{Citation |title=Short History of SDHS |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IK6-8UjTQwY |access-date=2023-07-26 |language=en}}
• It is said that when the wrecking ball came to demolish the "Grey Castle" to build a new earthquake-safe school, it took repeated attempts to bring the structure down. In the summer of 1973, contractors attempted to bring down the Russ Auditorium using explosives; portions of the building would not come down. It took an extra six months to finish the demolition of the auditorium.
• The schools' colors originated from the school's first football season in 1891, when, lacking proper jerseys, athletes were told to arrive in white shirts. Every player coincidentally arrived also sporting blue jeans, cementing the school's colors.

{{Reflist|30em}}

• [https://www.sdhs.sandiegounified.org/ Official San Diego High School webpage]
• [http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/education/20061003-9999-1m3sdhs.html San Diego Union-Tribune article on San Diego High School's ranking in Newsweek]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140203234338/http://www.sandi.net/Page/47867 San Diego Unified School District school directory entry]
• [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/collections/sports/champs.htm San Diego Hall of Champions inductees]

{{Education in San Diego County|state=collapsed}}{{San Diego|state=collapsed}}{{Portalbar|Schools|California|Education}}{{Balboa Park}}

Category:Educational institutions established in 1882

Category:Small schools movement

Category:Balboa Park (San Diego)

Category:International Baccalaureate schools in California

Category:1882 establishments in California

Category:San Diego Unified School District

Category:Public high schools in California

Category:Schools in San Diego County, California

Category:Schools in San Diego

Category:High schools in San Diego

Category:High schools in San Diego County, California

Category:Education in San Diego County, California

Category:Education in San Diego