San Francisco public grammar schools
{{Short description|Defunct schools in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
File:The Denman Grammar School, Bush Street, San Francisco LCCN2002722237.jpg
In 1879, San Francisco had 15 grammar schools, three exclusively for girls (Denman, Rincon, and Broadway), three exclusively for boys (Lincoln, Washington, and Union), and nine co-educational (Spring Valley, Hayes Valley, North and South Cosmopolitan, Valencia Street, Eighth Street, Mission, Jefferson, and Clement). In addition, co-ed Potrero School served both primary and grammar pupils.{{cite book |last1=Mann |first1=A.L. |title=Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Schools for the School Year Ending June 30, 1879 |date=1879 |publisher=George Spaulding |location=San Francisco, CA |pages=312–333 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2olAQAAIAAJ&q=denman+grammar+school+medal |accessdate=7 April 2020}} Students expected to attend grammar school for seven or eight years.{{cite book |last1=Swett |first1=John |title=History of the public school system of California. |date=1876 |publisher=A. L. Bancroft and company |location=San Francisco |pages=137 |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/AEN6075.0001.001/149 |accessdate=7 April 2020}}
Several grammar schools survive to this day, including James Denman Middle School,{{cite web |last1=San Francisco Public Schools |title=James Denman Middle School|url=https://www.sfusd.edu/school/james-denman-middle-school |website=James Denman Middle School}} Lowell High School (formerly Union Grammar School), and Spring Valley Science Elementary School.{{cite web |last1=San Francisco Public Schools |title=History |url=https://www.sfusd.edu/school/spring-valley-science-elementary-school/about/history |website=Spring Valley Science Elementary School |publisher=San Francisco Public Schools |accessdate=7 April 2020}} Washington Grammar School is believed to have been destroyed in a fire in February 1930.{{cite web |last1=San Francisco Public Library |title=Old Washington Grammar School |url=https://calisphere.org/item/d61085ac994ca447331ca0f77c4d8eba/ |website=Calisphere |publisher=UC Libraries |accessdate=7 April 2020}}
Three more grammar schools, Crocker, Hamilton, and Horace Mann, were created in 1913.{{cite web |last1=California Digital Library |title=Finding Aid to the San Francisco Unified School District Records 1854-2005 (bulk 1874-1978) |url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8b56hg3/entire_text/ |website=Online Archive of California |publisher=California Digital Library |accessdate=7 April 2020}} These were the final grammar schools opened in San Francisco as the later pupils of grammar school age would attend junior highs (first opened in 1922) and middle schools (opened in 1978).
Academic awards
File:Denman Grammar School Medal.jpg
Four of the schools (Denman, Lincoln, Broadway) awarded medals to their top graduates. In addition, male pupils competed for the Bridge Medal, established by Samuel J. Bridge who resided in San Francisco before returning to his native Dresden, Maine.{{cite book |last1=Mann |first1=A.L. |title=Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Schools for the School Year Ending June 30, 1879 |date=1879 |publisher=George Spaulding |location=San Francisco, CA |pages=310 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2olAQAAIAAJ&q=denman+grammar+school+medal |accessdate=7 April 2020}}
Segregation
The Chinese Elementary School was created in response to a court ruling in 1885 that Chinese students must be educated. This ruling would have allowed Mamie Tape to attend Spring Valley Grammar School if the Chinese Elementary School had not been created to prevent her doing so.{{cite web |last1=California Digital Library |title=Finding Aid to the San Francisco Unified School District Records 1854-2005 (bulk 1874-1978) |url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8b56hg3/entire_text/ |website=Online Archive of California |publisher=California Digital Library |accessdate=7 April 2020}}
Statistics
In 1870, a typical grammar school building for 1,000 pupils cost $30,000 to build.{{cite book |last1=Swett |first1=John |title=History of the public school system of California. |date=1876 |publisher=A. L. Bancroft and company |location=San Francisco |url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/aen6075.0001.001 |accessdate=7 April 2020}}
In 1875, 6,055 students were enrolled in San Francisco's grammar schools, taught by 129 teachers (102 of which were female).{{cite book |last1=Swett |first1=John |title=History of the public school system of California. |date=1876 |publisher=A. L. Bancroft and company |location=San Francisco |pages=95 |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/aen6075.0001.001/107?view=image&size=100 |accessdate=7 April 2020}}
The first female principal of a San Francisco grammar school was Kate Kennedy, who was appointed in 1856.{{cite book |last1=Swett |first1=John |title=History of the public school system of California. |date=1876 |publisher=A. L. Bancroft and company |location=San Francisco |pages=88–89 |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/aen6075.0001.001/98?view=image&size=100 |accessdate=7 April 2020}}