Sandia National Laboratories#Open-source software

On February 13, 2007, a New Mexico State Court found Sandia Corporation liable for $4.7 million in damages for the firing of a former network security analyst, Shawn Carpenter, who had reported to his supervisors that hundreds of military installations and defense contractors' networks were compromised and sensitive information was being stolen{{spaced ndash}} including hundreds of sensitive Lockheed documents on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project. When his supervisors told him to drop the investigation and do nothing with the information, he went to intelligence officials in the United States Army and later the Federal Bureau of Investigation to address the national security breaches. When Sandia managers discovered his actions months later, they revoked his security clearance and fired him.Scott Sandlin, "[http://www.abqjournal.com/news/metro/602547metro10-14-07.htm Analyst, Sandia Settle Suit]", Albuquerque Journal, 14 October 2007

In 2014, an investigation determined Sandia Corp. used lab operations funds to pay for lobbying related to the renewal of its $2 billion contract to operate the lab. Sandia Corp. and its parent company, Lockheed Martin, agreed to pay a $4.8 million fine.Coleman, Michael. (August 24, 2015). "Feds fine Sandia for improper lobbying" [https://www.abqjournal.com/633395/sandia-corp-pays-4-8-million-fine-for-improper-lobbying.html Albuquerque Journal website] Retrieved January 27, 2017.

File:Sandia national laboratories researcher (46702906002).jpg

SNL/NM consists of five technical areas (TA) and several additional test areas. Each TA has its own distinctive operations; however, the operations of some groups at Sandia may span more than one TA, with one part of a team working on a problem from one angle, and another subset of the same team located in a different building or area working with other specialized equipment. A description of each area is given below.

TA-I operations are dedicated primarily to three activities: the design, research, and development of weapon systems; limited production of weapon system components; and energy programs. TA-I facilities include the main library and offices, laboratories, and shops used by administrative and technical staff.

TA-II is a {{convert|45|acre|m2|adj=on|abbr=on}} facility that was established in 1948 for the assembly of chemical high explosive main charges for nuclear weapons and later for production scale assembly of nuclear weapons. Activities in TA-II include the decontamination, decommissioning, and remediation of facilities and landfills used in past research and development activities. Remediation of the Classified Waste Landfill which started in March 1998, neared completion in FY2000. A testing facility, the Explosive Component Facility, integrates many of the previous TA-II test activities as well as some testing activities previously performed in other remote test areas. The Access Delay Technology Test Facility is also located in TA-II.

TA-III is adjacent to and south of TA-V [both are approximately {{convert|7|mi|km|spell=in}} south of TA-I]. TA-III facilities include extensive design-test facilities such as rocket sled tracks, centrifuges and a radiant heat facility. Other facilities in TA-III include a paper destructor, the Melting and Solidification Laboratory and the Radioactive and Mixed Waste Management Facility (RMWMF). RMWMF serves as central processing facility for packaging and storage of low-level and mixed waste. The remediation of the Chemical Waste Landfill, which started in September 1998, is an ongoing activity in TA-III.

TA-IV, located approximately {{convert|1/2|mi|km}} south of TA-I, consists of several inertial-confinement fusion research and pulsed power research facilities, including the High Energy Radiation Megavolt Electron Source (Hermes-III), the Z Facility, the Short Pulsed High Intensity Nanosecond X-Radiator (SPHINX) Facility, and the Saturn Accelerator. TA-IV also hosts some computer science and cognition research.

TA-V contains two research reactor facilities, an intense gamma irradiation facility (using cobalt-60 and caesium-137 sources), and the Hot Cell Facility.

SNL/NM also has test areas outside of the five technical areas listed above. These test areas, collectively known as Coyote Test Field, are located southeast of TA-III and/or in the canyons on the west side of the Manzanita Mountains. Facilities in the Coyote Canyon Test Field include the Solar Tower Facility (34.9623 N, 106.5097 W), the Lurance Canyon Burn Site and the Aerial Cable Facility.

In collaboration with the Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO) of U.S. Department of Energy, Texas Tech University, and the Vestas wind turbine corporation, SNL operates the Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility in Lubbock, Texas.{{Cite web |title=DOE/SNL Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility {{!}} National Wind Institute {{!}} TTU |url=https://www.depts.ttu.edu/nwi/research/facilities/swift.php |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=www.depts.ttu.edu}}{{Cite web |title=Sandia National Laboratories |url=https://energy.sandia.gov/ |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Energy |language=en-US}}

File:Solar panel testing, Sandia National Laboratories.jpg

In the 1970s, the Sandia, Los Alamos, Air Force Weapons Laboratory Technical Exchange Committee initiated the development of the SLATEC library of mathematical and statistical routines, written in FORTRAN 77.

Today, Sandia National Laboratories is home to several open-source software projects:

• FCLib (Feature Characterization Library) is a library for the identification and manipulation of coherent regions or structures from spatio-temporal data.

{{cite web

|title = Main Page – FCLib

|publisher = Sandia National Laboratories

|url = http://www.sandia.gov/csit/research/visualization/fclib.php

|access-date = 2010-10-04

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100527132750/http://www.sandia.gov/csit/research/visualization/fclib.php

|archive-date = 2010-05-27

}}

FCLib focuses on providing data structures that are "feature-aware" and support feature-based analysis. It is written in C and developed under a "BSD-like" license.

{{cite web

| title = Award Winning Data Analysis Toolkit Released

| work = ASCe News Quarterly Newsletter

| date = January 2007

| publisher = Sandia National Laboratories

| url = http://www.sandia.gov/NNSA/ASC/enews/0107/0107eNewsPrintable.pdf

| access-date = 2010-10-04

}}

• LAMMPS (Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator) is a molecular dynamics library that can be used to model parallel atomic/subatomic processes at large scale.

{{cite web

| title = LAMMPS Molecular Dynamics Simulator

| publisher = Sandia National Laboratories

| url = http://lammps.sandia.gov/

| access-date = 2010-10-03

}}

It is produced under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and distributed on the Sandia National Laboratories website as well as SourceForge.

• LibVMI is a library for simplifying the reading and writing of memory in running virtual machines, a technique known as virtual machine introspection.

{{cite web

|title = The LibVMI Project

|publisher = Sandia National Laboratories

|url = http://vmitools.sandia.gov/

|access-date = 2011-11-18

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120304225647/http://vmitools.sandia.gov/

|archive-date = 2012-03-04

}}

It is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License.

• MapReduce-MPI Library is an implementation of MapReduce for distributed-memory parallel machines, utilizing the Message Passing Interface (MPI) for communication. It is developed under a modified Berkeley Software Distribution license.

{{cite web

| title = MapReduce-MPI Library

| publisher = Sandia National Laboratories

| url = http://www.sandia.gov/~sjplimp/mapreduce.html

| access-date = 2010-10-03

}}

• MultiThreaded Graph Library (MTGL) is a collection of graph-based algorithms designed to take advantage of parallel, shared-memory architectures such as the Cray XMT, Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP) machines, and multi-core workstations.

{{cite web

| title = MTGL

| publisher = Sandia National Laboratories

| url = https://software.sandia.gov/trac/mtgl

| access-date = 2010-10-04

}}

{{cite book

| last = Berry

| first = Jonathan W.

|author2=Bruce Hendrickson |author3=Simon Kahan |author4=Petr Konecny

| title = 2007 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium

| chapter = Software and Algorithms for Graph Queries on Multithreaded Architectures

| pages = 1–14

| date = March 2007

| doi = 10.1109/IPDPS.2007.370685

| isbn = 978-1-4244-0909-9

| citeseerx = 10.1.1.421.7457

| s2cid = 351906

}}

It is developed under a BSD License.

• ParaView is a cross-platform application for performing data analysis and visualization.

{{cite web

| title = ParaView – Open Source Scientific Visualization

| publisher = Kitware

| url = http://www.paraview.org/

| access-date = 2010-10-03

}}

It is a collaborative effort, developed by Sandia National Laboratories, Los Alamos National Laboratories, and the United States Army Research Laboratory, and funded by the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program. It is developed under a BSD license.

• Pyomo is a python-based optimization Mathematical Programming Language which supports most commercial and open-source solver engines.
• Soccoro, a collaborative effort with Wake Forest and Vanderbilt Universities, is object-oriented software for performing electronic-structure calculations based on density-functional theory.{{cite web

| title = Sandia National Laboratories:Soccoro

| publisher = Sandia National Laboratories

| url = http://dft.sandia.gov/socorro/mainpage.html

| access-date = 2010-10-03

| archive-date = September 19, 2010

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100919193935/http://dft.sandia.gov/Socorro/mainpage.html

| url-status = dead

}} It utilizes libraries such as MPI, BLAS, and LAPACK and is developed under the GNU General Public License.

• Titan Informatics Toolkit is a collection of cross-platform libraries for ingesting, analyzing, and displaying scientific and informatics data.

{{cite web

|title = Titan Toolkit

|publisher = Sandia National Laboratories

|url = http://titan.sandia.gov/

|access-date = 2010-10-03

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101216061255/http://titan.sandia.gov/

|archive-date = 2010-12-16

}}

{{cite web

|title = Main Page – InfovisWiki

|publisher = Kitware, Inc.

|url = http://www.kitware.com/InfovisWiki/index.php/Main_Page

|access-date = 2010-10-03

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100918104659/http://www.kitware.com/InfovisWiki/index.php/Main_Page

|archive-date = 2010-09-18

}}

It is a collaborative effort with Kitware, Inc., and uses various open-source components such as the Boost Graph Library. It is developed under a New BSD license.

• Trilinos is an object-oriented library for building scalable scientific and engineering applications, with a focus on linear algebra techniques.

{{cite web

| title = The Trilinos Project

| publisher = Sandia National Laboratories

| url = http://trilinos.org/

| access-date = 2017-01-04

}}

Most Trilinos packages are licensed under a Modified BSD License.

• [https://xyce.sandia.gov/ Xyce] is an open source, SPICE-compatible, high-performance analog circuit simulator, capable of solving extremely large circuit problems.{{cite web|url=https://xyce.sandia.gov/|title=Sandia National Laboratories: Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator (Xyce)}}
• [https://charon.sandia.gov/ Charon] is a TCAD simulator which was open-sourced by Sandia in 2020.

{{cite web |url=https://charon.sandia.gov/ |title=Charon TCAD |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date=2022-02-01}}

{{cite web |url=https://devsim.com/charon-open-source/ |title=Charon TCAD software open source release |last= |first= |date=2020-05-24 |website=DEVSIM LLC |publisher= |access-date=2022-02-01}}

{{cite web |url=https://tcadcentral.com/Software.html |title=TCAD Central – Open Source TCAD Software |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date=}}

It is significant as previously there were no major TCAD simulators for large-scale simulations that were open source.

• [https://tracktable.sandia.gov/ Tracktable] is a Sandia-developed open source platform for processing, analyzing, and visualizing the paths of moving objects (trajectories).

{{cite web

|title = Large-Scale Trajectory Analysis via Feature Vectors

|url = https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1770825

|access-date = 2025-02-27

}}

In addition, Sandia National Laboratories collaborates with Kitware, Inc. in developing the Visualization Toolkit (VTK), a cross-platform graphics and visualization software suite.

{{cite web

| title = VTK – The Visualization Toolkit

| publisher = Kitware, Inc.

| url = http://vtk.org/

| access-date = 2010-10-03

}}

This collaboration has focused on enhancing the information visualization capabilities of VTK and has in turn fed back into other projects such as ParaView and Titan.

On January 30, 2012, Sandia announced that it successfully test-fired a self-guided dart that can hit targets at {{convert|2000|m|yd|0|abbr=on}}. The dart is {{convert|4|inch|mm|abbr=on}} long, has its center of gravity at the nose, and is made to be fired from a small-caliber smoothbore gun. It is kept straight in flight by four electromagnetically actuated fins encased in a plastic puller sabot that falls off when the dart leaves the bore. The dart cannot be fired from conventional rifled barrels because the gyroscopic stability provided by rifling grooves for regular bullets would prevent the self-guided bullet from reliably turning towards a target when in flight, so fins are responsible for stabilizing rather than spinning. A laser designator marks a target, which is tracked by the dart's optical sensor and 8-bit CPU. The guided projectile is kept cheap because it does not need an inertial measurement unit, since its small size allows it to make the fast corrections necessary without the aid of an IMU. The natural body frequency{{clarify|date=May 2023}} of the bullet is about 30 hertz, so corrections can be made 30 times per second in flight. Muzzle velocity with commercial gunpowder is {{convert|2400|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} (Mach 2.1), but military customized gunpowder can increase its speed and range. Computer modeling shows that a standard bullet would miss a target at {{convert|1000|m|yd|0|abbr=on}} by {{convert|9.8|yd|m|0|abbr=on}}, while an equivalent guided bullet would hit within {{convert|8|in|cm|abbr=on}}. Accuracy increases as distances get longer, since the bullet's motions settle more the longer it is in flight.[http://www.guns.com/2012/02/02/laser-guided-bullets-sub-moa-at-over-a-mile/ Laser-Guided Bullets: Sub-MOA at Over a Mile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101231649/http://www.guns.com/2012/02/02/laser-guided-bullets-sub-moa-at-over-a-mile/ |date=November 1, 2014 }} – Guns.com, 2 February 2012[http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2012/01/31/the-first-self-guided-bullet/ The First Self Guided Bullet] – Thefirearmblog.com, 31 January 2012[http://www.gizmag.com/sandia-self-guided-bullet/21286/ Self-guided bullet could hit laser-marked targets from a mile away] – Gizmag.com, 31 January 2012

List of supercomputers that have been operated by or resided at Sandia:

• Intel Paragon XP/S 140, 1993 to ?
• ASCI Red, 1997 to 2006
• Red Storm, 2005 to 2012
• Cielo, 2010 to 2016
• Trinity, 2015 to current
• Astra, 2018 to current, based on ARM processors
• Attaway, 2019 to current

• Brookhaven National Laboratory
• Decontamination foam
• Jess (programming language)
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory
• Test Readiness Program
• Titan Rain
• VxInsight

{{reflist}}

{{Div col start|colwidth=30em}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071021201217/http://computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyId=17&articleId=9016884&intsrc=hm_topic Computerworld article "Reverse Hacker Case Gets Costlier for Sandia Labs"]
• [http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_6280088?nclick_check=1 San Jose Mercury News article "Ill Lab Workers Fight For Federal Compensation"]
• [https://www.wired.com/entertainment/music/news/2007/05/ff_linkinpark?currentPage=all Wired Magazine article "Linkin Park's Mysterious Cyberstalker"]
• [http://www.slate.com/id/2169088/nav/fix/ Slate article "Stalking Linkin Park"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826082833/http://www.slate.com/id/2169088/nav/fix/ |date=August 26, 2011 }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070807160953/http://www.fedsmith.com/articles/articles.showarticle.db.php?intArticleID=1295 FedSmith.com article "Linkin Park, Nuclear Research and Obsession"]
• [http://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/59339.html# The Santa Fe New Mexican article "Judge Upholds $4.3 Million Jury Award to Fired Sandia Lab Analyst"]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012212617/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1589735,00.html TIME article "A Security Analyst Wins Big in Court"]
• [http://www.freenewmexican.com/news/56982.html The Santa Fe New Mexican article "Jury Awards Fired Sandia Analyst $4.3 Million"]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004328/http://www.hpcwire.com/hpc-bin/artread.pl?direction=Current&articlenumber=16490 HPCwire article "Sandia May Unwittingly Have Sold Supercomputer to China"]
• [https://archive.today/20070625054539/http://www.fcw.com/article97746-02-26-07-Print Federal Computer Weekly article "Intercepts: Chinese Checkers"]
• [https://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL30143.pdf#search=%22sandia%20chinese%20computer%20china%22 Congressional Research Service report "China: Suspected Acquisition of U.S. Nuclear Weapon Secrets"]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227100728/http://www.cmc.sandia.gov/isn/mar03isn.pdf Sandia National Laboratory Cooperative Monitoring Center article "Engagement with China"]
• [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3018728.stm BBC News "Security Overhaul at US Nuclear Labs"]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060607065653/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,90239,00.html Fox News "Iowa Republican Demands Tighter Nuclear Lab Security"]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310230233/http://pub10.bravenet.com/news/846727896/23174/1 UPI article "Workers Get Bonus After Being Disciplined"]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060316083859/http://www.industryweek.com/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=190&SectionID=38 IndustryWeek article "3D Silicon Photonic Lattice"]
• [http://www.freenewmexican.com/news/33305.html October 6, 2005 The Santa Fe New Mexican article "Sandia Security Managers Recorded Workers' Calls"]
• [http://www.bizjournals.com/albuquerque/stories/2002/05/20/story3.html May 17, 2002 New Mexico Business Weekly article "Sandia National Laboratories Says it's Worthless"]

{{Div col end}}

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• [https://web.archive.org/web/20041108135635/http://www.er.doe.gov/production/er-07/page2a9.html DOE Laboratory Fact Sheet]

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