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Sandnes-mål

{{Short description|Norwegian dialect of Sandnes, Norway}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Sandnes-mål

|region=Sandnes

|speakers=?

|familycolor=Indo-European

|fam2=Germanic

|fam3=Northwest Germanic{{Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/olde1239 |title=Older Runic |date=2022-05-24 |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=Glottolog |last=Hammarström |first=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113105941/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/olde1239 |archive-date=2022-11-13 |url-status=live |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian}}

|fam4=North Germanic

|fam5=West Scandinavian

|fam6=Norwegian

|isoexception=dialect

|glotto=none

}}

Sandnes-mål, Sandnes dialect or Sandnes Norwegian (Bokmål: Sandnes-mål or Sandnesdialekten){{sfnp|Ims|2010}} is a dialect of Norwegian used in Sandnes.

Phonology

=Consonants=

  • Between and after vowels, the voiceless plosives {{IPA|/p, t, k/}} are realized as voiced {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|b}}, {{IPAplink|d}}, {{IPAplink|ɡ}}]}}.{{sfnp|Ims|2010|p=15}}
  • {{IPA|/ç/}} merges with {{IPA|/ʃ/}} into {{IPAblink|ʃ}}.{{sfnp|Ims|2010|p=17}}
  • {{IPA|/r/}} is uvular.{{sfnp|Ims|2010|p=12}}

=Vowels=

Apart from {{IPA|/ə/}}, all short vowels have a long equivalent, which has the same quality as the short vowel (excluding the {{IPA|/a–aː/}} pair).{{sfnp|Ims|2010|pp=13–14}}

File:Sandnes Norwegian vowel chart.svgs of Sandnes-mål, from {{Harvcoltxt|Ims|2010|p=14}}]]

class="wikitable" style=text-align:center

|+Monophthong phonemes of Sandnes-mål{{sfnp|Ims|2010|p=14}}

!rowspan=3|

!colspan=4| Front

!rowspan=2 colspan=2| Central

!rowspan=2 colspan=2| Back

class=small

!colspan=2| unrounded

!colspan=2| rounded

class=small

! short

! long

! short

! long

! short

! long

! short

! long

Close

| {{IPA link|ɪ|i}}

| {{IPA link|ɪ|iː}}

| {{IPA link|ʏ|y}}

| {{IPA link|ʏ|yː}}

| {{IPA link|ʉ̞|ʉ}}

| {{IPA link|ʉ̞|ʉː}}

| {{IPA link|ʊ|u}}

| {{IPA link|ʊ|uː}}

Mid

| {{IPA link|e̞|e}}

| {{IPA link|e̞|eː}}

| {{IPA link|ø̞|ø}}

| {{IPA link|ø̞|øː}}

| ({{IPA link|ə}})

|

| {{IPA link|ɔ}}

| {{IPA link|ɔː}}

Open

|colspan=4|

| {{IPA link|æ|a}}

| {{IPA link|ɐ|aː}}

|colspan=2|

  • The close vowels {{IPA|/i, iː, y, yː, ʉ, ʉː, u, uː/}} are rather lax (near-close) {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ɪ}}, {{IPAplink|ɪː}}, {{IPAplink|ʏ}}, {{IPAplink|ʏː}}, {{IPAplink|ʉ̞}}, {{IPAplink|ʉ̞ː}}, {{IPAplink|ʊ}}, {{IPAplink|ʊː}}]}}.{{sfnp|Ims|2010|p=14}}
  • The unrounded–rounded pairs {{IPA|/i–y, iː–yː, e–ø, eː–øː/}} have a very similar backness, and differ mainly by rounding.{{sfnp|Ims|2010|p=14}}
  • {{IPA|/e, eː, ø, øː, ə/}} are mid {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|e̞}}, {{IPAplink|e̞ː}}, {{IPAplink|ø̞}}, {{IPAplink|ø̞ː}}, {{IPAplink|ə}}]}}, whereas {{IPA|/ɔ, ɔː/}} are open-mid {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ɔ}}, {{IPAplink|ɔː}}]}}.{{sfnp|Ims|2010|p=14}}
  • {{IPA|/a, aː/}} are near-open; the long vowel is central {{IPAblink|ɐː}}, whereas the short vowel is somewhat more front {{IPAblink|æ|æ̠}}.{{sfnp|Ims|2010|p=14}}

class="wikitable"

|+ Diphthong phonemes of
Sandnes-mål{{sfnp|Ims|2010|p=15}}

!rowspan=3|Starting point

!colspan=3|Ending point

colspan=2|Front

!Central

{{small|unrounded}}

!{{small|rounded}}

!{{small|rounded}}

align=center

! Mid

| {{IPA|ei}}

| {{IPA|øy}}

| {{IPA|øʉ}}

  • The components of the diphthongs are phonetically close to the short vowels transcribed with the same symbols, so that {{IPA|/ei/}} is phonetically more or less {{IPA|[e̞ɪ]}}, whereas {{IPA|/øy/}} and {{IPA|/øʉ/}} are phonetically more or less, respectively, {{IPA|[ø̞ʏ]}} and {{IPA|[ø̞ʉ̞]}}.{{sfnp|Ims|2010|p=15}}

References

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite thesis

|last=Ims

|first=Charlotte Sol

|year=2010

|title=Sandnes i skyggen av Stavanger - en sociolingvistisk undersøkelse av Sandnes-mål med utgangspunkt i utvalgte språklige variabler

|type=Master's thesis

|place=Adger

|publisher=Universitetet i Adger

|url=http://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/139375/Charlotte%20Sol%20Ims.pdf

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927141831/http://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/139375/Charlotte%20Sol%20Ims.pdf

|archive-date=27 September 2015

}}

{{refend}}

Further reading

{{refbegin}}

  • {{citation

|last=Mimura

|first=Tatsuyuki

|title=Prosody of the Compounds in the Sandnes Dialect of Norwegian: A Descriptive Study

|publisher=Kogakuin University

|url=http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/phonology/abstract-MIMURA.pdf

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Mimura

|first=Tatsuyuki

|year=2010a

|title=Noruwee-go Sandnes-hoogen no aruhwabetto-kasiramoji-go no on'in-ron.

|trans-title=Phonology of the initialisms in the Sandnes dialect of Norwegian.

|language=Japanese

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Mimura

|first=Tatsuyuki

|year=2010b

|title=Noruwee-go Sandnes-hoogen no hukugoo-go akusento-kisoku

|trans-title=On the compound accent rules of the Sandnes dialect of Norwegian

|language=Japanese

|pages=182–187

}}

{{refend}}

External links

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite web|title=dialekter i Rogaland – Store norske leksikon|url=https://snl.no/dialekter_i_Rogaland|access-date=4 August 2015}}

{{refend}}

{{Norwegian language}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandnes-mal}}

Category:Culture in Rogaland

Category:Norwegian dialects

{{nordic-lang-stub}}

{{norway-stub}}