Sandy River (Kennebec River tributary)
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Sandy River
| image = On the Sandy River, Me, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Stereoscopic view of the river c. 1875
| source1_location = Phillips, Maine{{cite web | url=https://maineanencyclopedia.com/sandy-river-phillips-to-farmington/ | title=Sandy River, Phillips to Farmington | Maine: An Encyclopedia | date=14 August 2013 }}
| mouth_location = Kennebec River
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|44.7644|-69.8898|region:US-ME|format=dms|name=Sandy River|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = United States
| source1_elevation = {{convert|1700|ft}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|156|ft}}
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|874|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}York (1976) p. 14.
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left = Lemon Stream
| tributaries_right = South Branch Sandy River
}}
{{routemap
|title=Sandy River
|map=
WKBHFa~~Sandy River Ponds
fWBRÜCKE1q~~Appalachian Trail
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=ME|ME|4}}
RP2oWq~~Smalls Falls
WABZg+r~~Chandler Mill Stream
WABZg+r~~Crossman Stream
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=ME|ME|4}}
WABZg+l~~Saddleback Stream
RP2oWq~~Madrid
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=ME|ME|4}}
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=ME|ME|4}}
WABZg+r~~South Branch Sandy River
WABZg+l~~Orbeton Stream
WABZg+r~~Cottle Brook
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=ME|ME|142}}
exhKRZWaeq~~former covered bridge
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=ME|ME|149}} Phillips
exhKRZWaeq~~former Salmon Hole bridge
WABZg+r~~Mount Blue Stream
WABZg+r~~Dickey Brook
WABZg+l~~Valley Brook
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=ME|ME|145}} Strong
WABZg+l~~McLeary Brook
WABZg+l~~Winter Brook
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=ME|ME|4}} Fairbanks
WABZg+l~~Barker Stream
WABZg+l~~Beaver Brook
exhKRZWaeq~~former MEC bridge
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=NH|US|2}} Farmington
WABZg+r~~Temple Stream
WABZg+l~~Cascade Brook
WABZg+l~~Beales Brook
WABZg+r~~Wilson Stream
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=ME|ME|41}} Farmington Falls
WABZg+r~~McGurdy Stream
WABZg+l~~Bragdon Brook
WABZg+l~~Muddy Brook
RYoW1q~~{{jctrdt|state=NH|US|2}} New Sharon
WABZg+l~~Hale Brook
WABZg+l~~Josiah Brook
WABZg+r~~Bog Stream
WABZg+l~~Lemon Stream
WABZg+r~~Indian Stream
WABZg+l~~Pelton Brook
WABZqr~~Kennebec River
}}
The Sandy River is a {{convert|73.3|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}}U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. [http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ The National Map], accessed June 30, 2011 tributary of the Kennebec River in the U.S. state of Maine.
The Sandy River originates in the Sandy River Ponds ({{coord|44.8937|-70.5406 |format=dms |type:river_region:US-ME |name= Sandy River source}}) at an elevation of {{convert|1700|ft}} in Sandy River Plantation. The river flows south to a confluence with Chandler Mill Stream in Maine Township E and then easterly to its confluence with Saddleback Stream in Madrid, and Orbeton Stream in Phillips. The river then flows southeasterly through the villages of Phillips and Strong. The river flows south from Strong to Farmington and flows northeasterly from Farmington Falls through New Sharon to discharge into the Kennebec River in Norridgewock a short distance south of the Madison town line. Maine State Route 4 follows the river from the Sandy River Ponds and bridges it at Strong along the way to Farmington, where it is again bridged. The river is bridged once more at Farmington by U.S. Route 2. Route 2 follows the river downstream to New Sharon where it makes the last bridged crossing of the river before its confluence with the Kennebec.
History
The Abenaki people found the lower river a good route for canoe travel; Phillips remained an important fishing location until dams prevented anadromous fish migration.York (1976) p.186. Fish would wait at Salmon Hole until flow enabled them to swim into the higher-gradient spawning gravels upstream of that point. European settlement of the lower valley began during the American Revolutionary War. Building of water-powered mills had produced incorporated towns as far upstream as Madrid by the time of Maine statehood in 1820.York (1976) pp. 38, 90–92 & 150. Early European settlers farmed the river lowlands between the last spring frost in May and the first autumn frost in September.York (1976) p. 24. Tree-cutting began after the autumn harvest; logs and lumber were moved on sleds while snow covered the ground from December through March.
A major flood in October 1869, locally known as the "pumpkin freshet", destroyed every bridge over the river and most of the early mills.York (1976) p. 234. Rebuilding brought larger mills to Phillips, Farmington, and New Sharon, and the river was closely followed by the narrow gauge Sandy River Railroad from Phillips to Farmington in 1879.Crittenden (1976) pp. 15–24. Construction of the Phillips and Rangeley Railroad up Orbeton Stream in 1891 enabled logging of the headwaters. Large steam sawmills on Redington Pond at the head of Orbeton Stream and on Toothaker Pond in Phillips converted the aboriginal spruce forests to lumber between 1891 and 1908.Jones (1979) pp. 121 & 341. Pulpwood cutting kept the railroad profitable through World War I, but sustained forest yield was insufficient to pay operating costs. The railroad went into receivership in 1923 and was dismantled from 1934 to 1936.Crittenden (1976) pp. 172–190. A week of rain on accumulated winter snow washed out the Redington Pond dam and produced the largest recorded river flow of {{convert|38000|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} on 18–19 March 1936.York (1976) pp. 237–238.
See also
Notes
{{reflist|colwidth=20em}}
References
- {{cite book| title=The Maine Scenic Route |author=Crittenden, H. Temple |publisher=McClain Printing |year= 1976}}
- {{cite book| title=Two Feet Between the Rails (Volume 1 - The Early Years) |author=Jones, Robert C. |publisher=Sundance Books |year=1979}}
- {{cite book| author=York, Vincent|title=The Sandy River & Its Valley| publisher=Knowlton & McLeary| year=1976}}
- {{cite gnis |id=574891 |name= Sandy River |entrydate=30 September 1980 |access-date=2010-12-10 }}
- [http://waterdata.usgs.gov/me/nwis/current/?type=flow Maine Streamflow Data from the USGS]
- [http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/state.cfm?statepostal=ME Maine Watershed Data From Environmental Protection Agency]
{{Kennebec River}}
{{Rivers of Maine}}
Category:Tributaries of the Kennebec River
Category:Rivers of Franklin County, Maine