Sandy gallito

{{Short description|Species of bird}}

{{Use American English|date=April 2021}}

{{Speciesbox

| name = Sandy gallito

| image = Sandy Gallito (Teledromas fuscus) (15960406435).jpg

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Teledromas fuscus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22703443A93923357 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703443A93923357.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}

| genus = Teledromas

| parent_authority = Wetmore & Peters, 1922

| species = fuscus

| authority = (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1873)

| range_map = Teledromas fuscus map.svg

}}

The sandy gallito (Teledromas fuscus) is a species of suboscine passerine bird in the family Rhinocryptidae, the tapaculos. It is the only species placed in the genus Teledromas. It is endemic to Argentina.

Taxonomy

The sandy gallito is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies.{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2023 | title=Antthrushes, antpittas, gnateaters, tapaculos, crescentchests | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/antthrushes/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=16 March 2023}} It is genetically most closely related to the crested gallito (Rhinocrypta lanceolata).{{Cite journal | last1=Harvey | first1=M.G. | display-authors=etal | date=2020 | title=The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot | journal=Science | volume=370 | issue=6522 | pages=1343–1348 | doi=10.1126/science.aaz6970 | pmid=33303617 | bibcode=2020Sci...370.1343H | hdl=10138/329703 | hdl-access=free }} A high resolution version of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 is available from the first author's website [http://www.harveybirdlab.org/docs/Harveyetal2020_Fig1_tree_HiRes.pdf here].

Description

The sandy gallito is {{convert|17|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. Two male specimens weighed {{convert|35.4|and|41.8|g|oz|abbr=on}} respectively; one female weighted {{convert|35.8|g|oz|abbr=on}}. In the adult, the crown of the head, back, and wings are light cinnamon as are the central feathers of the tail. The rest of the tail is blackish. The throat and chest are white, blending to light cinnamon on the flanks and vent area. The juvenile is thought to have similar plumage.Krabbe, N. and T. S. Schulenberg (2020). Sandy Gallito (Teledromas fuscus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.sangal1.01 retrieved April 24, 2021

The typical song of the sandy gallito is a phrase off "loud 'tchowk' notes" repeated up to five times in Río Negro and up to 10 times in other parts of the range.

Distribution and habitat

The sandy gallito is a year round resident of the eastern slope of the Andes of Argentina from southwestern Salta Province in the north to Río Negro Province in the south. For most of that range it is found up to {{convert|3500|m|ft|abbr=on}} and in Salta up to {{convert|4000|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Its habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland characterized by sparse vegetation on sand and gravel, dry washes, and ravines.

Behavior

=Feeding=

The sandy gallito's principal food is thought to be arthropods. It forages solely on the ground while trying to stay hidden by running between bushes.

=Breeding=

The sandy gallitos's nest is an open cup of grass, usually constructed at the end of a tunnel up to {{convert|50|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. Eggs are laid between November and February.

Status

The IUCN has assessed the sandy gallito as of Least Concern. Though its population has not been determined, it is believed to be stable and the species is thought to be fairly common. It inhabits several protected areas and its habitat is not amenable to agricultural development.

References