Sanga cattle#Zenga cattle

A relatively complete survey on the many breeds of Sanga cattle is Kim et al. 2020. Admixture analysis from this paper groups Sanga cattle under the following taxonomy:{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Kwondo |last2=Kwon |first2=Taehyung |last3=Dessie |first3=Tadelle |last4=Yoo |first4=DongAhn |last5=Mwai |first5=Okeyo Ally |last6=Jang |first6=Jisung |last7=Sung |first7=Samsun |last8=Lee |first8=SaetByeol |last9=Salim |first9=Bashir |last10=Jung |first10=Jaehoon |last11=Jeong |first11=Heesu |last12=Tarekegn |first12=Getinet Mekuriaw |last13=Tijjani |first13=Abdulfatai |last14=Lim |first14=Dajeong |last15=Cho |first15=Seoae |last16=Oh |first16=Sung Jong |last17=Lee |first17=Hak-Kyo |last18=Kim |first18=Jaemin |last19=Jeong |first19=Choongwon |last20=Kemp |first20=Stephen |last21=Hanotte |first21=Olivier |last22=Kim |first22=Heebal |title=The mosaic genome of indigenous Sanga cattle as a unique genetic resource for African pastoralism |journal=Nature Genetics |date=October 2020 |volume=52 |issue=10 |pages=1099–1110 |doi=10.1038/s41588-020-0694-2 |pmid=32989325 |s2cid=222172046 |url=https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4939074 |hdl=20.500.11820/eacebceb-ddcd-4108-baf0-190aa10219bf |hdl-access=free }}

• African taurine (N'Dama, Muturu)
• African humped cattle
• African indicine (Mursi)
• African zenga (Fogera, Horro)
• African sanga (Ankole)
• Sheko

In the analyses cited by Kim, African taurine (Bos taurus taurus) first split from Eurasian taurine. A group of Asian indicine cattle ("Zebu", Bos taurus indicus) split off in around 700 AD (around the time of Islamization of the East African coast) and mingled with African taurines in different ratios, producing the four groups of African humped cattle. In Kim's own analysis, African taurines gained key adaptations in 16 genes for immunity (most importantly, trypanosomosis tolerance), heat-tolerance and reproduction. Even so-called "African indicine" contains significant amounts of African taurine adaptations to the African environment.

The existence of "taurine", "sanga", "zenga", and "indicine" groups among Africa cattle is generally agreed-upon by groups of researchers despite disagreements in how these groups originated. Specifically, the main topic in dispute is whether African taurines were separately domesticated.

File:N'Dama_herd_in_West_Africa.jpg|N'Dama (African taurine)

File:2Watussirinder.jpg|Watusi (Sanga)

File:Arado cattle.jpg|Arado (Zanga)

Trypanosomiasis poses a considerable constraint on livestock agricultural development in Tsetse fly infested areas of West and Central Africa. International research conducted by ILRI in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Kenya has shown that the N'Dama is the most resistant breed.{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/3/y5832e/y5832e05.htm|title = Trypanotolerant livestock in the context of trypanosomiasis intervention strategies}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/ILRI/animal-genetic-resources-characterization-and-conservation-research-in-africa-an-overview|title = Animal genetic resources characterization and conservation research i...|date = 9 January 2012}} In Nigeria, research has shown that N'Dama is up to 2-3x (or 25%) more resistant than Nguni cattle.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} And F1 N'Dama × Nguni 16.5% is better than pure Nguni.{{Cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/x5443E/ |title=500 - Internal server error |access-date=23 May 2019 |archive-date=22 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722070454/http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/x5443E/ |url-status=dead }} While in Kenya research conducted by KALRO has shown a similarity with crossbreeding N'Dama × Boran cattle.{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/F2-generation-of-NDama-x-Boran-cross_fig1_256631840/amp |title=(image) from Development of Demand-driven Sustainable Cattle Breeding Schemes as a Strategy for Improving Livelihoods of Resource-poor Farmers in Eastern Africa |date=June 2004 |via=ResearchGate}}{{Cite journal |pmc = 3519672|year = 2012|last1 = Orenge|first1 = C. O.|title = Trypanotolerance in N'Dama x Boran crosses under natural trypanosome challenge: Effect of test-year environment, gender, and breed composition|journal = BMC Genetics|volume = 13|pages = 87|last2 = Munga|first2 = L.|last3 = Kimwele|first3 = C. N.|last4 = Kemp|first4 = S.|last5 = Korol|first5 = A.|last6 = Gibson|first6 = J. P.|last7 = Hanotte|first7 = O.|last8 = Soller|first8 = M.|pmid = 23075408|doi = 10.1186/1471-2156-13-87 | doi-access=free }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilri.org/publications/population-parameters-traits-defining-trypanotolerance-f2-cross-ndama-and-boran-cattle|title = Population parameters for traits defining trypanotolerance in an F2 cross of N'Dama and Boran cattle|date = 16 November 2020}}

The timeline for their history is the subject of extensive debate. A combination of genetic studies with archaeological research, including cultural history, has clarified the question of the complex origin of Sanga cattle in recent years.

{{cleanup section|reason=We should really list the archaeological evidence then discuss the theory scenarios, so the whole thing reads tighter. Archaeological evidence tend to get mentioned multiple times, with interpretation in support of different theories.|date=January 2024}}

Morphological features of early Sanga cattle, such as lyre-shaped horns, are depicted on murals of Ancient Egypt.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

The current African cattle population derives from three major introductions from Asia: The first cattle introduced into Africa, the humpless longhorn (Bos taurus longifrons) arrived around 5000 BC. They were followed by the humpless shorthorn (Bos taurus brachyceros) about 2,500 years later, and finally the humped zebu (Bos indicus) in about 1500 BC.{{cite journal |last=Mukasa-Mugerwa |first=E. |date=1989 |title=A review of reproductive performance of female Bos Indicus (Zebu) cattle |url=http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5442e/x5442e03.htm |journal=International Livestock Research Institute |pages=1–2 |access-date=2010-03-02 |archive-date=9 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509060228/http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/x5442E/x5442e03.htm |url-status=dead }} Thus Sanga cattle descend firstly from an aurochs domesticated in the Near East. After their introduction to Egypt, about eight thousand years ago, they spread all over the Sahara which was then still green, up to West Africa. The north African pastoralists interbred their domestic cattle with wild African Aurochs of various regional races, both in the paternal and maternal lines over a long time, which is reflected in the genetic distinctness of Sanga cattle from both European / near Eastern and from Indian Zebu cattle.{{cite journal |last1=Pitt |first1=Daniel |last2=Sevane |first2=Natalia |last3=Nicolazzi |first3=Ezequiel L. |last4=MacHugh |first4=David E. |last5=Park |first5=Stephen D. E. |last6=Colli |first6=Licia |last7=Martinez |first7=Rodrigo |last8=Bruford |first8=Michael W. |last9=Orozco-terWengel |first9=Pablo |title=Domestication of cattle: Two or three events? |journal=Evolutionary Applications |date=January 2019 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=123–136 |doi=10.1111/eva.12674 |pmid=30622640 |pmc=6304694 |bibcode=2019EvApp..12..123P }} Hereby special adaptations to the African climate and conditions were introduced, that characterise Sanga cattle. African taurus are distinguished by having small cervicothoracic humps, that are typical for (wild) Aurochs,Foidl, Daniel, "Aurochs cow colour schemes",in: The Breeding-back Blog, (22 March 2020). http://breedingback.blogspot.com/cf. Foidl, Daniel [illustration of Auerochs] in: Garrick, Dorian J. and Anatoly Ruvinsky (eds.), The Genetics of Cattle, (2nd ed.), Boston, 2015: CAB Int., p. 624 instead of the high thoracic humps which characterize the Zebu.

Rather than the domesticating of cattle happening in the region of the Tadrart Acacus, it is considered more likely that domesticated cattle were introduced to the region.{{cite book |last1=Garcea |first1=Elena A.A. |title=Uan Tabu in the Settlement History of the Libyan Sahara |date=July 2019 |pages=232–235 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334706511 |publisher=All'Insegna del Giglio |chapter=Cultural adaptations at Uan Tabu from the Upper Pleistocene to the Late Holocene |s2cid=133766878 |isbn=9788878141841 |oclc=48360794}} Cattle are thought to not have entered Africa independently, but rather, are thought to have been brought into Africa by cattle pastoralists.{{cite book |last1=Hanott |first1=Olivier |title=The story of cattle in Africa: Why diversity matters |date=December 2019 |pages=6, 8 |chapter-url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/108945/cattle_books.pdf |publisher=African Union InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources |chapter=Why cattle matter: An enduring and essential bond |s2cid=226832881}} By the end of the 8th millennium BP, domesticated cattle are thought to have been brought into the Central Sahara.{{cite journal |last1=Di Lernia |first1=Savino |title=Thoughts on the rock art of the Tadrart Acacus Mts., SW Libya |date=2012 |pages=34–35 |url=https://www.rockartscandinavia.com/images/articles/a12savino.pdf |journal=Adoranten |s2cid=211732682}} The Central Sahara (e.g., Tin Hanakaten, Tin Torha, Uan Muhuggiag, Uan Tabu) was a major intermediary area for the distribution of domesticated animals from the Eastern Sahara to the Western Sahara.{{cite book |last1=Barich |first1=Barbara |title=The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Figurines |date=December 2018 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329571626 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=108–110 |chapter=The Sahara |isbn=9780199675616 |oclc=944462988}}

Based on cattle remains near the Nile dated to 9000 BP and cattle remains near Nabta Playa and Bir Kiseiba reliably dated to 7750 BP, domesticated cattle may have appeared much earlier, near the Nile, and then expanded to the western region of the Sahara.{{cite journal |last1=Soukopova |first1=Jitka |title=Prehistoric Colonization of the Central Sahara: Hunters versus Herders and the Evidence from the Rock Art |date=2020 |url=https://www.academia.edu/44872727 |journal=Expression |issn=2499-1341 |pages=58–60, 62, 66}} Though undomesticated aurochs are shown, via archaeological evidence and rock art, to have dwelled in Northeast Africa, aurochs are thought to have been independently domesticated in India and the Near East.{{cite journal |last1=Priehodová |first1=Edita |display-authors=etal |title=Sahelian pastoralism from the perspective of variants associated with lactase persistence |date=Nov 2020 |volume=173 |issue=3 |pages=423–424, 436 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02919786/file/ajpa_ms_final.pdf |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |doi=10.1002/ajpa.24116 |s2cid=221179656 |pmid=32812238 |issn=0002-9483 |oclc=8674413468}} After aurochs were domesticated in the Near East, cattle pastoralists may have migrated, along with domesticated aurochs, through the Nile Valley and, by ~8000 BP, through Wadi Howar, into the Central Sahara.

The mitochondrial divergence of undomesticated Indian cattle, European cattle, and Sanga cattle (Bos primigenius) from one another in 25,000 BP is viewed as evidence supporting the conclusion that cattle may have been domesticated in Northeast Africa,{{cite journal |last1=Holl |first1=A. |title=The Dawn of African Pastoralisms: An Introductory Note |url=https://www.academia.edu/2558487 |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |year=1998 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=81–83 |doi=10.1006/jaar.1998.0318 |s2cid=144518526 |issn=0278-4165 |oclc=361174899}} particularly, the eastern region of the Sahara,{{cite journal |last1=Hanotte |first1=Olivier |title=African pastoralism: genetic imprints of origins and migrations |url=https://www.academia.edu/1239524 |journal=Science |year=2002 |volume=296 |issue=5566 |pages=338–339 |doi=10.1126/science.1069878 |pmid=11951043 |bibcode=2002Sci...296..336H |s2cid=30291909 |issn=0036-8075 |oclc=5553773601}} between 10,000 BP and 8000 BP.{{cite journal |last1=MacHugh |first1=David |title=Mitochondrial diversity and the origins of African and European cattle |url=https://www.academia.edu/25167985 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |year=1996 |volume=93 |issue=10 |page=5135 |doi=10.1073/pnas.93.10.5131 |pmid=8643540 |pmc=39419 |bibcode=1996PNAS...93.5131B |doi-access=free |s2cid=7094393 |issn=0027-8424 |oclc=117495312}} Cattle (Bos) remains may date as early as 9000 BP in Bir Kiseiba and Nabta Playa. While the mitochondrial divergence between Eurasian and Sanga cattle in 25,000 BP can be viewed as supportive evidence for cattle being independently domesticated in Africa, introgression from undomesticated Sanga cattle in Eurasian cattle may provide an alternative interpretation of this evidence.

These cattle would have originated in the regions of North Africa, as a variant of the indigenous African aurochs, but would have been domesticated in the Sudan.{{Cite web |title=Cow about that! New research overturns traditional thoughts about domesticated cattle |url=https://scienceinpoland.pl/en/news/news,92219,cow-about-new-research-overturns-traditional-thoughts-about-domesticated-cattle |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=Science in Poland |language=en}} The domestication of African cattle would have been independent from, but contemporary with the Middle-East.{{Cite journal |last=Osypińska |first=Marta |last2=Osypiński |first2=Piotr |last3=Wiktorowicz |first3=Paweł |last4=Chłodnicki |first4=Marek |last5=Łopaciuk |first5=Roman |last6=Bobrowski |first6=Przemysław |last7=Cendrowska |first7=Marzena |last8=Kokolus |first8=Justyna |last9=Madani |first9=Huyam Khalid |date=2025-05-01 |title=Cattle domestication revisited: Middle Nile evidence suggests independent origins in Africa 10,000 years ago |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305440325000512 |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=177 |pages=106202 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2025.106202 |issn=0305-4403|url-access=subscription }} Sanga are an intermediate type, probably formed by hybridizing the indigenous humpless cattle with Zebu cattle. However, archaeological evidence{{which|date=January 2024}} indicates this cattle type was domesticated independently in Africa, and bloodlines of taurine and zebu cattle were introduced only within the last few hundred years.{{cite journal |last1=Grigson |first1=Caroline |date=1991 |title=An African origin for African cattle? — some archaeological evidence |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01117218 |journal=The African Archaeological Review |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=119–144 |doi=10.1007/BF01117218 |s2cid=162307756|url-access=subscription }} Nonetheless, the time and location for when and where cattle were domesticated in Africa remains to be resolved.

Osypińska (2021) indicates that an "archaeozoological discovery made at Affad turned out to be of great importance for the entire history of cattle on the African continent. A large skull fragment and a nearly complete horn core of an aurochs, a wild ancestor of domestic cattle, were discovered at sites dating back 50,000 years and associated with the MSA. These are the oldest remains of the auroch in Sudan, and they also mark the southernmost range of this species in the world.{{cite book |last1=Osypińska |first1=Marta |last2=Osypiński |first2=Piotr |title=From Faras to Soba: 60 years of Sudanese–Polish cooperation in saving the heritage of Sudan |date=2021 |publisher=Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology/University of Warsaw |isbn=9788395336256 |oclc=1374884636 |pages=460 |url=https://depot.ceon.pl/bitstream/handle/123456789/21580/Katalog%20wystawy%20From%20Faras%20to%20Soba%20-%20ONLINE%20o2.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}} Based on the cattle (Bos) remains found at Affad and Letti, Osypiński (2022) indicates that it is "justified to raise again the issue of the origin of cattle in Northeast Africa. The idea of domestic cattle in Africa coming from the Fertile Crescent exclusively is now seen as having serious shortcomings."{{cite journal |last1=Osypiński |first1=Piotr |date=December 30, 2022 |title=Unearthing a Middle Nile crossroads – exploring the prehistory of the Letti Basin (Sudan) |url=https://pam-journal.pl/api/files/view/2174767.pdf |journal=Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean |volume=31 |pages=55–56 |doi=10.37343/uw.2083-537X.pam31.13 |issn=1234-5415}} Osypiński (2025) would further conclude, and present similar findings to the previous reports based on new osteometric data from the Letti desert in Sudan.

The managing of Barbary sheep may be viewed as parallel evidence for the domestication of cattle amid the early period of the Holocene.{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=Fiona |last2=Weissbrod |first2=Lior |title=Domestication Processes and Morphological Change Through the Lens of the Donkey and African Pastoralism |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/658389 |journal=Current Anthropology |date=October 2011 |volume=52 |issue=S4 |pages=S397–S413 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press Journals|doi=10.1086/658389 |s2cid=85956858 |url-access=subscription }} Near Nabta Playa, in the Western Desert, between 11th millennium cal BP and 10th millennium cal BP, semi-sedentary African hunter-gatherers may have independently domesticated African cattle as a form of reliable food source and as a short-term adaptation to the dry period of the Green Sahara, which resulted in a limited availability of edible flora. Bos primigenius (Aurochs) fossils, which have been dated between 11th millennium cal BP and 10th millennium cal BP, have been found at Bir Kiseiba and Nabta Playa. The earliest evidence of domestic cattle from the central Sahara dates, however, to the eighth millennium BP.

In the Western Desert, at the E-75-6 archaeological site, amid 10th millennium cal BP and 9th millennium cal BP, African pastoralists may have managed North African cattle (Bos primigenius) and continually used the watering basin and well and as water source. In the northern region of Sudan, at El Barga, cattle fossils found in a human burial serve as supportive evidence for cattle being in the area.

While this does not negate that it is possible for cattle from the Near East to have migrated into Africa, a greater number of African cattle in the same area share the T1 mitochondrial haplogroup and atypical haplotypes than in other areas, which provides support for Africans independently domesticating African cattle. Based on a small sample size (SNPs from sequences of whole genomes), African cattle split early from European cattle (Taurine). African cattle, bearing the Y2 haplogroup, form a sub-group within the overall group of taurine cattle. As a Near Eastern origin of African cattle requires a conceptual bottleneck to sustain the view, the diverseness of the Y2 haplogroup and T1 haplogroup do not support the view of a bottleneck having occurred, and thus, does not support a Near Eastern origin for African cattle. Altogether, these forms of genetic evidence provide the strongest support for the independent domestication of African cattle.

Indian humped cattle (Bos indicus) and North African/Middle Eastern taurine cattle (Bos taurus) are commonly assumed to have admixed with one another, resulting in Sanga cattle as their offspring.{{cite journal |last1=Grigson |first1=Caroline |title=An African origin for African cattle? — some archaeological evidence |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01117218 |journal=The African Archaeological Review |date=December 1991 |volume=9 |pages=119, 139 |doi=10.1007/BF01117218 |s2cid=162307756 |issn=0263-0338 |oclc=5547025047|url-access=subscription }} Rather than accept the common assumption, admixture with taurine and humped cattle is viewed as having likely occurred within the last few hundred years, and Sanga cattle are viewed as having originated from among African cattle within Africa. Regarding possible origin scenarios for African Sanga cattle, domesticated taurine cattle were introduced into North Africa, admixed with undomesticated African cattle (Bos primigenius opisthonomous), resulting in offspring (the oldest being the Egyptian/Sudanese longhorn, some to all of which are viewed as Sanga cattle), or more likely, domesticated African cattle originated in Africa (including Egyptian longhorn), and became regionally diversified (e.g., taurine cattle in North Africa, zebu cattle in East Africa).

20th century authors date the first Sanga cattle, which originated through by crossing in of Zebu bulls in northeast and east Africa, from 1600 BCE onward. Kim et al. (2020) reports a consensus date of 700 AD among contemporary researchers and their own estimate date of 950–1250 AD. Kim et al. (2023) does not report a different date, but finds that the indicine import is mostly similar to North Indian breeds, with a small South Indian contribution.{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=K |last2=Kim |first2=D |last3=Hanotte |first3=O |last4=Lee |first4=C |last5=Kim |first5=H |last6=Jeong |first6=C |title=Inference of Admixture Origins in Indigenous African Cattle. |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |date=1 December 2023 |volume=40 |issue=12 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msad257 |pmid=37995300|pmc=10701095 }}

The list of breeds below follow the framework of Kim et al. 2020. It includes contributions from Rege 1999, which has a very similar grouping (albeit the evolutionary theory is different).{{Cite journal|last=Rege|first=J. E. O.|date=1999|title=The state of African cattle genetic resources I. Classification framework and identification of threatened and extinct breeds|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal-genetic-resources-resources-genetiques-animales-recursos-geneticos-animales/article/abs/state-of-african-cattle-genetic-resources-i-classification-framework-and-identification-of-threatened-and-extinct-breeds/CF5F79FB95BCDBB51EDEF17F6670A96D|journal=Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales|language=en|volume=25|pages=1–25|doi=10.1017/S1014233900003448|issn=2076-4022|url-access=subscription}}{{cite journal |last1=Rege |first1=J. E. O. |title=The state of African cattle genetic resources I. Classification framework and identification of threatened and extinct breeds |journal=Animal Genetic Resources |date=April 1999 |volume=25 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.1017/S1014233900003448 |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/pdf/012/w2517t/w2517t01.pdf }}

{{div col|content=

• N'dama
• Kuri cattle
• Lagune or Dahomey cattle
• Ghana shorthorn and Ghana dwarf shorthorn
• Baoule cattle
• Somba cattle
• Kapsiki cattle
• Namchi cattle
• Bakosi cattle
• Muturu cattle
• Forest or Dwarf Muturu (Liberian Dwarf Muturu, Ghanaian Dwarf Muturu, Nigerian Dwarf Muturu)
• Savanna Muturu
• Humpless Shorthorns

}}

Sanga are crosses between African taurine and Zebu.

{{div col|content=

• Anugak
• Raya Azebo
• Abigar
• Afrikaner
• Aliab Dinka
• Ankole group
• Watusi
• Drakensberger cattle
• Nguni
• Red Fulani
• Tuli
• Tswana
• White Fulani cattle
• Borgou
• Keteku
• Méré cattle
• Ghana Sanga
• Diali
• Biu
• Humpless Shorthorns{{Cite web|url=https://dagris.info/groups/106/breeds?order=name&sort=desc|title = Humpless Shorthorns - Breeds {{pipe}} DAGRIS}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/3/t1300t/t1300t0j.htm|title = Genetic characterization and West African cattle}}

}}

Zenga is a word coined to refer to crosses between Zebu and Sanga.

{{div col|content=

• Afar cattle
• Arado (of Ethiopia)
• Fogera (of Ethiopia)
• Horro (of Ethiopia)
• Jiddu (southern Somalia)
• Alur, also called Nioka (Nyoka) or Blukwa cattle (Democratic Republic of Congo);
• Nganda (Uganda)
• Sukuma (Tanzania)
• Tete (Mozambique)

}}

In addition to the traditional breeds outlined, African cattle have been bred with outside cattle.

{{div col|content=

• Ankole-Watusi of the United States. Mostly Ankole, some populations have Canadian contribution.
• Bonsmara of South Africa. {{frac|5|8}} Afrikaner, {{frac|3|16}} Hereford, {{frac|3|16}} Shorthurn.)
• Rana of Madagascar
• Renitelo of Madagascar
• Mpwapwa of Tanzania

}}

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

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Category:Cattle

Category:Cattle breeds originating in Cameroon

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Category:Cattle breeds originating in Kenya

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