Sara Berenguer

{{Infobox person

| name = Sara Berenguer

| image = Sara Berenguer.jpg

| alt = Portrait photograph of Sara Berenguer

| caption = Sara Berenguer (1940s)

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1919|01|01|df=y}}

| birth_place = Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

| death_date = {{Death date and age|2010|06|08|1919|01|01|df=y}}

| death_place = Montady, Occitania, France

| nationality = Catalan

| other_names =

| occupation = Writer, poet

| movement = Anarcho-syndicalism, anarcha-feminism

| years_active = 1936–2010

| known_for =

| organization = Mujeres Libres

| notable_works =

}}

Sara Berenguer Laosa (1919–2010) was a Catalan anarcho-syndicalist and anarcha-feminist writer, who was active in the Mujeres Libres movement.{{sfn|Lannon|2014|p=80}}{{sfn|Lines|2012|p=187}}{{sfn|Kietrys|Linares|2009|p=83}}

Biography

Sara Berenguer was born into a modest working-class family; her father was a bricklayer and a libertarian activist.{{cite web|url=http://www.ephemanar.net/janvier01.html#berenguer|title=Sara Berenguer en 1937|language=fr|website=L'Ephéméride anarchiste|access-date=30 May 2023}}

She left school at the age of 12. At thirteen, she began working in a butcher's shop, but revolted by the exploitation and machismo, she quit several jobs.{{cite web|url=http://www.collectif-smolny.org/article.php3?id_article=1597|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806224107/http://www.collectif-smolny.org/article.php3?id_article=1597|archive-date=6 August 2016|first=Sam|last=Smolny|title=BERENGUER LAOSA Sara - GUILLEN ( 1919 - 2010 )|website=Collectif Smolny|date=9 September 2012|access-date=30 May 2023|language=fr}} She became a dressmaker and then worked in a workshop, before becoming self-employed until July 1936.{{cite web|url=https://militants-anarchistes.info/spip.php?article7468|title=BERENGUER LAOSA, Sara « Sara GUILLEN »|author=R.D.|website=Dictionnaire des militants anarchistes|date=30 May 2011|access-date=30 May 2023|language=fr}}

=Civil War=

Berenguer was 17 when the Spanish Revolution of 1936 broke out. Her father left to fight at the front and died there. She took part in the Revolutionary Committee of the Les Corts district until June 1937, and in the Revolutionary Committee of the timber union alongside Antonio Santamaria, for whom she worked as a mechanic and accountant. One day, she was placed in charge of arms distribution.

At the same time, she held positions of responsibility on the local committee of the Libertarian Youth (FIJL) and in the secretariat of the libertarian atheneum, where she was a teacher of street children. She met Sol Ferrer, the daughter of Francesc Ferrer, with whom she learned French.{{cite web|url=https://monde-libertaire.net/?page=archives&numarchive=13535|title=Sara Berenguer Laosa: hasta luego compañera !|date=28 June 2010|access-date=30 May 2023|work=Le Monde Libertaire|author=Hélène|language=fr}}

During the May Days of 1937 in Barcelona, she took part in the armed confrontations against the Stalinists, defending the Casal (the house of working-class women) run by the libertarian activist Amparo Poch y Gascón. In the spring of 1938, she was appointed to the National Committee of Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista (SIA) and made numerous visits to the front.

In October 1938, she joined the Mujeres Libres movement, where she was in charge of the association's regional secretariat. There she fought against ignorance and worked to "educate women socially and culturally so that they can build and defend themselves as free and conscious human beings."

=Exile=

In January 1939, she fled into exile in France, where she continued her work for the SIA in Perpignan and then in Béziers, where she tried to rescue internees from the camps, including her companion Jesús Guillén Bertolín. During the Nazi occupation of France, she was a member of the CNT group in Bram and liaised with the French Resistance in Aude, Ariège, Hérault and Haute-Garonne. After the Liberation of France, with Jesus, she continued her work with the CNT-in-exile. In 1947, she was in charge of the stenography courses organised by the CNT for refugees and played an active part in the theatre groups organised by the libertarian movement. At that time, she was very close to anarchist activist groups, particularly around Octavio Alberola and Cipriano Mera. In 1965, she took part in the activities of the group that published the journal Frente Libertario.

From 1972 to 1976, together with Suceso Portales, she edited and published the magazine Mujeres Libres (47 issues from 1964 to 1976). Her house, near Béziers, remained a meeting place for libertarians. The film De toda la vida (All Our Lives) was shot there in 1986, starring Pepita Carpeña, Dolores Prat, Federica Montseny, Suceso Portales, Mercedes Comaposada and Conxa Perez.

In addition to Mujeres Libres, Sara Berenguer contributed to a large number of titles in the libertarian press and several poetry anthologies. She was also a contributor to the book Mujeres libres: luchadoras libertarias (published by FAL, 1999). After winning a number of prizes for her poetry, she died on 18 June 2010.

Selected works

;Books

{{cite book|last=Berenguer|first=Sara|year=1988|title=Entre el sol y la tormenta: treinta y dos meses de guerra, 1936-1939|location=Barcelona|publisher=Seuba|language=es|isbn=9788486747107|oclc=462218486}}
{{cite book|last=Berenguer|first=Sara|author-mask=8|year=2008|title=Mujeres de temple|location=Tavernes Blanques|publisher=L'Eixam|isbn=9788496014770|oclc=804404372|language=es}}
{{cite book|last=Berenguer|first=Sara|author-mask=8|year=2011|title=Femmes d'Espagne en lutte, le courage anonyme au quotidien de la guerre civile à l'exil|location=Lyon|publisher=Atelier de création libertaire|translator-first=Carmen|translator-last=Salvador Guillén|language=fr|isbn=978-2-35104-046-1|oclc=780276113}}

;Poetry

{{cite book|last=Berenguer|first=Sara|author-mask=8|year=1992|title=El lenguaje de las flores|location=Barcelona|publisher=Amarantos|isbn=9788479680237|oclc=81489318|language=es}}
{{cite book|last=Berenguer|first=Sara|author-mask=8|year=2004|title=Sentiments|language=ca|location=Vic|publisher=Emboscall|isbn=9788496253711|oclc=433333110}}

; Anthology

{{cite book|last1=Berenguer|first1=Sara|author1-mask=8|last2=Ruiz|first2=Laura|year=2011|title=Free Women (Mujeres Libres): Voices and Memories for a Libertarian Future|location=Rotterdam|publisher=Sense|isbn=9789460910883|oclc=668182876}}

References

Bibliography

{{cite book|last1=Kietrys|first1=Kyra A.|last2=Linares|first2=Montserrat|title=Women in the Spanish Novel Today: Essays on the Reflection of Self in the Works of Three Generations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXOfuzdv1HcC&pg=PA83|date=18 March 2009|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5319-1}}
{{cite book|last=Lannon|first=Frances|title=The Spanish Civil War: 1936–1939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1GyICwAAQBAJ&pg=PP80|date=6 June 2014|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4728-1006-9}}
{{cite book|last=Lines|first=Lisa Margaret|title=Milicianas: Women in Combat in the Spanish Civil War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WTqE7HEzJKoC&pg=PA187|year=2012|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-6492-1}}
{{cite book|last=Rausa|first=Jacinte|title=Sara Berenguer|year=2000|publisher=Éditions du Monde libertaire|isbn=9782903013721|oclc=469562424|language=fr}}

Category:1919 births

Category:2010 deaths

Category:20th-century Spanish women writers

Category:Anarchists from Catalonia

Category:Anarcha-feminists

Category:Anarchist writers

Category:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo members

Category:French Resistance members

Category:Mujeres Libres

Category:People from Barcelona

Category:Spanish socialist feminists

Category:Spanish feminist writers