Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

Sarah Blaffer was born on July 11, 1946, in Dallas, Texas.{{cite book |last1=Yount |first1=Lisa |title=A to Z of women in science and math |date=2008 |publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|location=New York |isbn=978-0816066957 |pages=133–135 |edition=Rev. |url=https://www.mobt3ath.com/uplode/book/book-24728.pdf |access-date=October 24, 2018}} She was a granddaughter of Sarah Campbell Blaffer and Robert Lee Blaffer, a co-founder of Humble Oil.{{cite news |title=JANE BLAFFER OWEN Obituary |url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/houstonchronicle/obituary.aspx?n=jane-blaffer-owen&pid=143765967 |access-date=November 13, 2018 |work=Houston Chronicle |date=July 4, 2010}} She was raised in Houston and attended St. John's School before enrolling in St. Timothy's School in Stevenson, Maryland, graduating in 1964.{{cite web|url=http://www.yourhoustonnews.com/west_university/news/st-john-s-legacies-have-left-their-mark-on-school/article_e8e35f95-77be-5d72-938b-16426cb88327.html?mode=jqm |title=St. John's legacies have left their mark on school's history |publisher=Houston Chron |date=March 20, 2007 }}

At age 18, Blaffer enrolled in her mother's alma mater, Wellesley College in Massachusetts. At the end of her sophomore year, she transferred to Radcliffe College, then the women's part of Harvard, in order to study under the great Mayanist Evon Vogt.

Majoring in anthropology there her undergraduate honors thesis was on the Maya demon H'ik'al published as her first book, The Black-man of Zinacantan, published in 1972.

She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, and graduated summa cum laude from Radcliffe in 1969 with a BA.

Interested in making public health films for people in developing countries, Hrdy took film-making courses at Stanford, but was disappointed with them. Instead she was inspired by a Stanford lecture of Paul Ehrlich's about overpopulation. His lecture reminded her of something a Harvard professor, Irven DeVore, had said about a species of Indian monkey called langurs among whom males, supposedly because they were crowded, killed infants.{{cite web |last1=Sridhar |first1=Hari |title=Revisiting Hrdy 1974|date=January 2, 2018 |url=https://reflectionsonpaperspast.wordpress.com/2018/01/02/revisiting-hrdy-1974/ |website=Reflections on Papers Past |access-date=February 5, 2019}}

Hrdy changed course in mid-year and entered Harvard as a graduate student in 1970 to study primate behavior so she could go to India and find out why these male Hanuman langurs were killing infants. She worked under the supervision of anthropology professor Irven DeVore and evolutionary biologist Robert L. Trivers and E. O. Wilson earning a Ph.D. in Anthropology in 1975.

Sarah Blaffer met Daniel Hrdy at Harvard. He accompanied her on early visits to Mount Abu, and they married in 1972 in Kathmandu. They have three children: Katrinka (born 1977); Sasha (born 1982), a week before Hrdy was scheduled to present a paper at Cornell University; and Niko (born 1986). Sarah Blaffer Hrdy now lives with her husband in northern California, where they are engaged in walnut farming and habitat restoration at Citrona Farms.{{cite web |first=Sarah|last= Blaffer Hrdy |url=http://www.citrona.com |title=Home|website=Citrona Farms}}

Hrdy alternated research work in India with time at Harvard until 1979. Between 1974 and 1984, she taught for brief periods at University of Massachusetts, Boston; Harvard and Rice University, and worked as a volunteer at her daughter's daycare center until 1984 when she joined the University of California at Davis as a professor of anthropology.{{cite book |last=Oakes |first=Elizabeth H. |chapter=Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer |title=Encyclopedia of World Scientists |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |year=2007 |pages=352–353 |isbn=9781438118826 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPRB-OED1bcC&pg=PA353}} Hrdy retired in 1996, becoming a professor emerita of anthropology at UC Davis, where she continues to be involved with the Animal Behavior Graduate Group.{{cite web |title=Sarah B. Hrdy, Anthropologist |url=http://www.citrona.com/hrdy/ |website=Citrona Farms |access-date=January 24, 2019}}{{cite book |last1=O'Reilly |first1=Andrea |title=Encyclopedia of motherhood |volume=2 |chapter=Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer |date=2010 |publisher=Sage Publications |isbn=9781412968461 |pages=538–539 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UP9yAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA538}}

Sarah Hrdy first heard of langurs during an undergraduate primate behavior class taught by anthropologist Irven DeVore in 1968. DeVore commented on the relationship between crowding and the killing of infants in langur colonies. After graduation, Hrdy returned to Harvard for graduate studies, with the goal of better understanding the phenomenon of infanticide in primates. Working under the supervision of DeVore, Trivers and Wilson provided Hrdy with an introduction to the emerging science of sociobiology—which crystallized at Harvard in the early 1970s. Sociobiology's comparative evolutionary perspective would shape Hrdy's work for years to come.

Although Hrdy had initially gone to Mount Abu to explore the hypothesis that crowding was responsible for infanticide, soon she realized her starting hypothesis was wrong. Infants were only attacked when males entered the breeding system from outside it. This led her to what she termed the sexual selection hypothesis for explaining infanticide. Males are eliminating unweaned infants sired by rival males and in doing so inducing the mother to resume cycling and ovulate again sooner than had she continued to lactate. Turnover in her langur troupes occurred roughly on average every 27 months leaving the usurping male only a brief window of opportunity to breed and pass on his genes. If the females are nursing infants, it is likely that they will not ovulate for another year. Killing their dependent infants rendered females fertile again sooner than they otherwise would be.{{cite news |last1=Cepelewicz |first1=Jordana |title=Why Primates Kill Their Offspring |url=http://nautil.us/blog/human-infanticide-signals-a-lack-of-social-support |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=Nautilus |date=November 1, 2016}}{{cite journal |last1=Hrdy |first1=Sarah Blaffer |title=Infanticide as a Primate Reproductive Strategy: Conflict is basic to all creatures that reproduce sexually, because the genotypes, and hence self-interests, of consorts are necessarily nonidentical. Infanticide among langurs illustrates an extreme form of this conflict |journal=American Scientist |date=1977 |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=40–49 |jstor=27847641 }}

Female choice is subverted, as females are put under pressure to ovulate and are forced to breed with the infanticidal males. This is where the idea of sexual counter-strategies comes into play. Hrdy hypothesized that by mating with a male who might take over her troupe ahead of time, they protect their infants subsequently born since males were unlikely to kill an infant if there was a chance that it might be their own, a behavior that would be rapidly selected against.

While infanticide by males has since been reported across the primate order in prosimians, New and Old World monkeys, and ape, Hrdy found no evidence to suggest a 'genetic imperative' for infanticide in humans.{{cite book |last1=Hrdy |first1=Sarah Blaffer |title=The langurs of Abu : female and male strategies of reproduction |date=1980 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=978-0-674-51058-6 |page=290 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYVRhH7VywkC&pg=PA290 |access-date=February 11, 2019}}

In 1975, Hrdy was awarded her PhD for her research on langurs. In 1977 it was published in her second book, The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. However her proposal that infanticide might be an evolved reproductive strategy in primates proved highly controversial, running counter to the then current conviction that primates act for the good of the group rather than to promote the reproductive interests of any individual.{{cite news |last1=Bekoff |first1=Marc |title=The Strange Relationship Between Virtue and Violence An interview with Richard Wrangham about his new book "The Goodness Paradox" |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animal-emotions/201902/the-strange-relationship-between-virtue-and-violence |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=Psychology Today |date=February 11, 2019}} Nevertheless, her findings have since been replicated in many animals and her explanations are widely accepted.{{cite book |last1=Rees |first1=Amanda |title=The Infanticide Controversy |date=2009 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226707112}} Even Trivers, who once dismissed her ideas about female sexual solicitations of multiple males, admits that her theory regarding female counter strategies to infanticide have "worn well."

Hrdy's third book came out in 1981: The Woman That Never Evolved. She begins chapter one with a sentence indicating that the results of her work suggest female agency should be given a lot more credit than previously assumed. "Biology, it is sometimes thought, has worked against women."{{cite book |last1=Hrdy |first1=Sarah Blaffer |title=The woman that never evolved : with a new preface and bibliographical updates |orig-year=c. 1981 |year=1999 |publisher=Harvard University Press|place=Cambridge, MA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pICPOwf3lMsC&pg=PA1|page=1 |isbn= 9780674038875}} Here, Hrdy expands upon female reproductive strategies.{{cite news |last1=Konner |first1=Melvin |title=It Does Take a Village |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/12/08/it-does-take-village/ |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=The New York Review of Books |date=December 8, 2011}}{{cite news |title=The Woman That Never Evolved |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/sarah-blaffer-hrdy-2/the-woman-that-never-evolved/ |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=Kirkus Review |date=October 1, 1981}} The book was selected as one of The New York Times' Notable Books of 1981.{{cite news |title=Notable Books of the Year YEAR |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/06/books/notable-books-of-the-year.html |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=December 6, 1981}}

In 1984, Hrdy co-edited Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives.{{cite journal |last1=Hausfater |first1=Glenn |title=Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives |journal=Current Anthropology |date=1984 |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=500–502 |jstor=2742911 |doi=10.1086/203169 |s2cid=84753908 }} It was selected as a 1984–1985 "Outstanding Academic Book" by Choice, the journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries.{{cite journal |title=University People |journal=University Bulletin: A Weekly Bulletin for the Staff |date=March 18–22, 1985|publisher=University of California (System) |volume=33 |issue=26 |page=105 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2vM2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA105 |access-date=February 11, 2019}}

In 1999, Hrdy published Mother Nature: A history of mothers, infants, and natural selection. She examines "human mothers and infants in a broader comparative and evolutionary framework,"{{cite book |last1=Hrdy |first1=Sarah Blaffer |title=Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants and Natural Selection |url=https://archive.org/details/mothernaturehist00hrdy |url-access=registration |date=1999 |publisher=Pantheon |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/mothernaturehist00hrdy/page/117 117]|isbn=9780679442653 }} informing and forming views of mother-infant interdependence from a sociobiological viewpoint.{{cite news |last1=Konner |first1=Melvin |title=How Childhood Has Evolved |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/How-Childhood-Has-Evolved/65401 |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=The Chronicle of Higher Education |date=May 9, 2010}}

In it she described the trade-offs between subsistence and reproduction that mothers have to juggle, sometimes leading to difficult maternal investment "decisions".{{cite news|last1=Angier |first1=Natalie |title=Scientist at Work: Sarah Blaffer Hrdy; Primate Expert Explores Motherhood's Brutal Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/08/science/scientist-work-sarah-blaffer-hrdy-primate-expert-explores-motherhood-s-brutal.html |access-date=August 30, 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=February 8, 2000}}{{cite journal |last1=Hurtado |first1=A. M. |title=ANTHROPOLOGY:Origins of Trade-offs in Maternal Care |journal=Science |date=January 21, 2000 |volume=287 |issue=5452 |pages=433–434 |doi=10.1126/science.287.5452.433 |s2cid=142762955 }} Rather than assuming automatic maternal responses, Hrdy views "maternal instinct" as a process unfolding in line with local conditions and cues from the infant.{{cite news |last1=O'Grady |first1=Kathleen |title=Review: Mother Nature, by Sarah Blaffer Hrdy |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/review-mother-nature-by-sarah-blaffer-hrdy/article4356989/ |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=January 22, 2000}} She stresses that an ape producing such costly offspring as humans could not have evolved unless mothers had had help from others, and had been what sociobiologists term cooperative breeders.{{cite news |last1=McGrew |first1=William |title=With a Little Help from My Friends |url=https://www.americanscientist.org/article/with-a-little-help-from-my-friends |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=American Scientist}}

Humans evolved to rely on assistance from group members other than the mother, using the term "allomother" she first used in her 1975 PhD thesis describing infant-sharing in langurs (from the Greek "allo" for "other than") to refer to any female or male other than the mother who helps to care for an infant. In the human case allomothers are often a father, grandparents, or older siblings, as well as genetically unrelated helpers, including nannies, and child care groups, who help care for and provision infants, freeing the mother to meet her own needs and in the case of early humans, breed again sooner.

In Mother Nature Hrdy argued that apes with the life history attributes of Homo sapiens could not have evolved unless alloparents in addition to parents had helped to care for and provision offspring, "the Cooperative Breeding Hypothesis".{{cite journal |last1=Burkart |first1=J. M. |last2=Hrdy |first2=S. B. |last3=Van Schaik |first3=C. P. |title=Cooperative breeding and human cognitive evolution |journal=Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews |date=September 2009 |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=175–186 |doi=10.1002/evan.20222 |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b893/50c0cdf30829e84d74c0a019b5024f8340d6.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011507/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b893/50c0cdf30829e84d74c0a019b5024f8340d6.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2019 |access-date=February 11, 2019|citeseerx= |s2cid=31180845 }}

In 2009 in Mothers and Others, Hrdy explored cognitive and emotional implications for infants growing up in what was (for an ape) a novel developmental context.{{cite journal|last1=Ellison|first1=P. T.|title=Book Review: A Growing Thought|journal=Evolutionary Psychology|volume=7|issue=3|pages=147470490900700|year=2009|issn=1474-7049|doi=10.1177/147470490900700306|doi-access=free}} Instead of relying on the single-minded dedication of their mothers, youngsters had to monitor and engage multiple caretakers as well. Other apes possess cognitive wiring for rudimentary Theory of Mind, but with cooperative rearing, relevant potentials for mentalizing would have become more fully expressed, and thus rendered more visible to natural selection. Over generations, those youngsters better at inter-subjective engagement would have been best cared for and fed, leading to directional Darwinian selection favoring peculiarly human capacities for intersubjective engagement.{{cite news |last1=Balter |first1=Michael |title=Human altruism traces back to the origins of humanity |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/human-altruism-traces-back-origins-humanity |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=Science |date=August 27, 2014}}{{cite book |last1=Hayssen |first1=Virginia |last2=Orr |first2=Teri J. |title=Reproduction in Mammals: The Female Perspective |date=2017 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=9781421423159 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vwE2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |access-date=February 11, 2019}}

In 2014, Mothers and Others, together with earlier work, earned Hrdy the National Academy's Award for Scientific Reviewing in honor of her "insightful and visionary synthesis of a broad range of data and concepts from across the social and biological sciences to illuminate the importance of biosocial processes among mothers, infants, and other social actors in forming the evolutionary crucible of human societies."{{cite web|url=http://dateline.ucdavis.edu/dl_detail.lasso?id=14730|title=LAURELS: Academy cites Sarah Hrdy for scientific reviewing|website=UC Davis}}

Because of her research on parenting, Hrdy is a strong advocate for making affordable child care a priority.{{cite news |last1=Dowling |first1=Claudia Glenn |title=Maternal Instincts: From Infidelity to Infanticide |url=http://discovermagazine.com/2003/mar/feathrdy |access-date=November 14, 2018 |work=Discover Magazine |date=March 1, 2003}}

Together with Daniel Hrdy, Sarah Hrdy has endowed fellowships at the Radcliffe Institute as well as The Sarah and Daniel Hrdy Visiting Fellowship in Conservation Biology in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University,{{cite web |title=The Sarah and Daniel Hrdy Visiting Fellowship in Conservation Biology at Harvard University |url=https://oeb.harvard.edu/hrdy-fellowship |website=Harvard University |access-date=February 5, 2019}} followed in 2021 by endowment of the Daniel and Sarah Hrdy Fund for University of California Cooperative Extension research in sustainable agriculture and habitat restoration.{{cite news |last1=Chalstrom |first1=Taylor |title=Daniel and Sarah Hrdy: Walnut Growers Embrace Research and Philanthropy |url=https://www.wcngg.com/2022/04/19/daniel-and-sarah-hrdy-walnut-growers-embrace-research-and-philanthropy/ |access-date=August 30, 2023 |work=West Coast Nut |date=April 9, 2022}}

• 1972: The Black-man of Zinacantan: A Central American Legend. The Texas Pan American Series. Austin: University of Texas Press. {{ISBN|0-292-70701-0}}.
• 1977: The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|0-674-51058-5}}.
• 1981: The Woman that Never Evolved. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Chosen by the New York Times Book Review as one of Notable Books of the Year in Science and Social Science.) 1982, Japanese edition, Tokyo: Shisaku-sha Publishing; 1984, 5th printing of paperback edition, Cambridge; 1984, 1st French edition, Des guenons et des femmes. Paris: Editions Tierce, in press, 2nd French edition, Paris: Payot et Rivage; 1985, Italian edition, La Donna Che Non si E'evoluta, Franco Angeli Editore. {{ISBN|0-674-95539-0}}.
• 1984: Hausfater, G. and S. Hrdy, eds. Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives. New York: Aldine Publishing Co. (Selected as one of the 1984-85 "Outstanding Academic Books" by Choice, the Journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries.) {{ISBN|0-202-36221-3}}.
• 1999: Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants and Natural Selection. New York: Pantheon. A BOMC Alternative Selection; selected by Publishers Weekly and by the Library Journal as one of Best Books of 1999 and a finalist for PEN USA West 2000 Literary Award for Research Nonfiction. Won the Howells Prize for Outstanding Contribution to Biological Anthropology. (Published in UK as Mother Nature: Natural selection and the female of the species. London: Chatto and Windus); also translated into Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Japanese, Korean and Polish. {{ISBN|0-679-44265-0}}.
• 2005: The 92nd Dahlem Workshop Report, "Attachment and Bonding: A New Synthesis." Edited by C. S. Carter, L. Ahnert, K. E. Grossmann, S. B. Hrdy, M. E. Lamb, S. W. Porges, and N. Sachser. ©MIT Press. {{ISBN|0-262-03348-8}}.
• 2009: Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|0-674-03299-3}}.
• 2024: Father Time: A Natural History of Men and Babies. Princeton University Press. {{ISBN| 0-691-23877-4}}.

• 1981, NYT Notable Books of 1981, The Woman That Never Evolved
• 1985, Elected, California Academy of Sciences{{cite news |title=Correspondence |work=Anthropology Newsletter|publisher=American Anthropological Association |date=1985|volume=26|page=35}}
• 1987–88, Guggenheim Fellow{{cite web |title=Sarah B. Hrdy |url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/sarah-b-hrdy/ |website=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |access-date=February 11, 2019}}
• 1988, Radcliffe Graduate Society Medal{{cite news |last1=Ireland |first1=Corydon |last2=Powell |first2=Alvin |last3=Walsh |first3=Colleen |title=Ten honorary degrees awarded at Commencement |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/06/ten-honorary-degrees-awarded-at-commencement/ |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=The Harvard Gazette |date=June 4, 2009}}
• 1990, Elected, National Academy of Sciences{{cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/1646.html|title=Sarah B. Hrdy|website=National Academy of Sciences}}
• 1992, Elected, American Academy of Arts and Sciences{{cite web |title=Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2017 |page= 285 |url=https://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/academy/multimedia/pdfs/publications/bookofmembers/ChapterH.pdf |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |access-date=February 11, 2019}}
• 1999, Publishers Weekly, "Best Books of 1999", Mother Nature{{cite news |title=Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants, and Natural Selection |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-679-44265-3 |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=Publishers Weekly}}{{cite news |title=On The Origin Of HBES: Sarah Hrdy |url=https://evolution-institute.org/on-the-origin-of-hbes-sarah-hrdy/ |access-date=February 11, 2019 |work=The Evolution Institute |date=December 3, 2013}}
• 1999, Library Journal, "Best Books of 1999", Mother Nature
• 2001, Howells Prize for Outstanding Contributions to Biological Anthropology, Mother Nature{{cite journal |title=Biological Anthropology |journal=Anthropology Newsletter|publisher=American Anthropological Association |date=2001|volume=42|page=46}}
• 2003, University of California Panunzio award{{cite web |title=Constantine Panunzio Distinguished Emeriti Award |url=https://emeritiassociation.ucdavis.edu/awards-and-recognition/constantine-panunzio-award |website=UC Davis Emeriti Association |date=November 2, 2013 |access-date=February 11, 2019}}
• 2007, Centennial Medal, Harvard GSAS{{cite web |url=https://gsas.harvard.edu/alumni-association/alumni-awards |title=Centennial Medal|website=Harvard University, The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences }}
• 2011, Elected American Philosophical Society{{cite web |title=APS elects four from Harvard |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/05/aps-elects-four-from-harvard/ |website=The Harvard Gazette |access-date=January 12, 2019|date=May 17, 2011}}
• 2012, Staley Prize from School of Advanced Research for Mothers and Others{{cite web|url=http://sarweb.org/?staley_2012_sarah_blaffer_hrdy|title=School for Advanced Research -|website=sarweb.org}}
• 2012, Howells Prize for Mothers and Others{{cite web |title=W.W. Howells Book Award |url=http://bas.americananthro.org/awards/w-w-howells-book-award |access-date=February 11, 2019 |website=American Anthropological Association|date=January 19, 2014 }}
• 2013, HBES Lifetime Career Award for Distinguished Scientific Contribution, from Human Behavior and Evolution Society{{cite web |title=What are Evolutionary Psychologists Talking About? An HBES 2013 retrospective |website=Evolutionary Psychology Blog Archive |access-date=January 12, 2019|date=July 22, 2013|url=http://web.sas.upenn.edu/kurzbanepblog/2013/07/22/what-are-evolutionary-psychologists-talking-about-an-hbes-2013-retrospective/}}
• 2014, NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing for "For her insightful and visionary synthesis of a broad range of data and concepts from across the social and biological sciences to illuminate the importance of biosocial processes among mothers, infants, and other social actors in forming the evolutionary crucible of human societies."{{cite web |title=NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing |url=http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/scientific-reviewing.html |website=National Academy of Sciences |access-date=November 14, 2018}}
• 2022, Elected fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science{{cite web |title=2022 AAAS Fellows |url=https://www.aaas.org/page/2022-fellows-0?adobe_mc=MCORGID%3D242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1693096922 |website=AAAS |access-date=August 30, 2023}}
• 2023, Bowlby-Ainsworth Award from the Center for Mental Health Promotion and the New York Attachment Consortium{{ cite web |title= Select Prizes and Awards to Members |url=https://www.amacad.org/news/noteworthy-34 |website=AMACAD |date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=January 5, 2024}}

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