Sarcodon

{{Short description|Genus of fungi}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Sarcodon imbricatus0.jpg

| image_caption = Sarcodon imbricatus

| taxon = Sarcodon

| authority = Quél. ex P.Karst. (1881)

| type_species = Sarcodon imbricatus

| type_species_authority = (L.) P.Karst. (1881)

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = {{center|See text}}

}}

Sarcodon is a genus of fungi in the family Bankeraceae, which is part of the order Thelephorales, known for its almost universal ectomycorrhizal ecology. The genus owes its name to the presence of teeth-like spines on the hymenophore, from ancient Greek; sarco = flesh and odon = tooth. For this reason they are commonly called "tooth fungi", or "Hydnoid fungi".

Description

Sarcodon species have yellow to brown tinted basidiospores, with lengths in the range of 7.4–9 μm. The basidiomata are often soft and fleshy.

Species

{{As of|2015|September}}, Index Fungorum listed 49 valid species of Sarcodon. However, in 2019 Larsson et al. transferred 12 species into the genus Hydnellum. In 2024, Douch et al. transferred Sarcodon carbonarius to the genus Neosarcodon.{{Cite journal |last=Douch |first=James K. |last2=Vaughan |first2=Luke J. |last3=Cooper |first3=Jerry A. |last4=Holmes |first4=Gareth D. |last5=Robinson |first5=Richard |last6=Stefani |first6=Franck |last7=Idnurm |first7=Alexander |last8=May |first8=Tom W. |date=2024-08-29 |title=Taxonomic revision of fleshy species of Hydnellum, Neosarcodon, and Sarcodon (Thelephorales) from Australasia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211 |journal=Mycologia |language=en |pages=1–28 |doi=10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211 |issn=0027-5514|url-access=subscription }}

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Human uses

Several species within the Sarcodon genus, including S. imbricatus (see figure), are edible. The fungus can be bitter, but that is less apparent in younger specimens. In China, it is a popular edible mushroom and it is used to reduce cholesterol, relax the muscles, and improve blood circulation. Isolates from the genus, called scabronines, may increase nerve growth factor synthesis in vitro.{{Cite journal |last1=Obara |first1=Y. |last2=Nakahata |first2=N. |last3=Kita |first3=T. |last4=Takaya |first4=Y. |last5=Kobayashi |first5=H. |last6=Hosoi |first6=S. |last7=Kiuchi |first7=F. |last8=Ohta |first8=T. |last9=Oshima |first9=Y. |last10=Ohizumi |first10=Y. |date=1999-04-01 |title=Stimulation of neurotrophic factor secretion from 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells by novel diterpenoids, scabronines A and G |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10323283/ |journal=European Journal of Pharmacology |volume=370 |issue=1 |pages=79–84 |doi=10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00077-1 |issn=0014-2999 |pmid=10323283}}

References

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{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web |author=Jang NS |title=Method for manufacturing health beverage from 'Sarcodon aspratus' |url=http://europepmc.org/article/PAT/KR100859324B |accessdate=2020-03-29}}

{{cite journal |last1=Tedersoo|first1=L.|last2=May|first2=TW.|last3=Smith|first3=ME.|title=Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages|journal=Mycorrhiza |year=2010 |volume=20 |issue=4|pages=217–263 |doi=10.1007/s00572-009-0274-x|pmid=20191371|s2cid=3351967 }}

{{cite book |last=Geesteranus|first=Maas RA|title=Die Terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas (The Terrestrial Hydnums of Europe)|publisher=North-Holland Publishing|year=1975|volume=1|pages=1–127}}

{{Cite journal|author1=Larsson|author2=Svantesson|author3=Miscevic|author4=Kõljalg|author5=Larsson|date=2019|title=Reassessment of the generic limits for Hydnellum and Sarcodon (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota)|journal=MycoKeys|issue=54|pages=31–47|doi=10.3897/mycokeys.54.35386|pmid=31231164|pmc=6579789 |doi-access=free }}

{{cite web |author=Kirk PM |title=Species Fungorum (version 26th August 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/679797e577a409278f1339a772a9ffdb |accessdate=2015-09-09}}

{{cite journal |last1=Grupe|first1=Arthur C.|last2=Baker|first2=Anthony D.|last3=Uehling|first3=Jessie K.|last4=Smith|first4=Matthew E.|last5=Baroni|first5=Timothy J.|last6=Lodge|first6=D. Jean|last7=Henkel|first7=Terry W.|title=Sarcodon in the Neotropics I: new species from Guyana, Puerto Rico and Belize |journal=Mycologia |year=2015 |volume=107 |issue=3 |pages=591–606 |doi=10.3852/14-185 |pmid=25661714|s2cid=25900469 }}

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Category:Thelephorales genera