Sarcodon
{{Short description|Genus of fungi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Sarcodon imbricatus0.jpg
| image_caption = Sarcodon imbricatus
| taxon = Sarcodon
| authority = Quél. ex P.Karst. (1881)
| type_species = Sarcodon imbricatus
| type_species_authority = (L.) P.Karst. (1881)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = {{center|See text}}
}}
Sarcodon is a genus of fungi in the family Bankeraceae, which is part of the order Thelephorales, known for its almost universal ectomycorrhizal ecology. The genus owes its name to the presence of teeth-like spines on the hymenophore, from ancient Greek; sarco = flesh and odon = tooth. For this reason they are commonly called "tooth fungi", or "Hydnoid fungi".
Description
Species
{{As of|2015|September}}, Index Fungorum listed 49 valid species of Sarcodon. However, in 2019 Larsson et al. transferred 12 species into the genus Hydnellum. In 2024, Douch et al. transferred Sarcodon carbonarius to the genus Neosarcodon.{{Cite journal |last=Douch |first=James K. |last2=Vaughan |first2=Luke J. |last3=Cooper |first3=Jerry A. |last4=Holmes |first4=Gareth D. |last5=Robinson |first5=Richard |last6=Stefani |first6=Franck |last7=Idnurm |first7=Alexander |last8=May |first8=Tom W. |date=2024-08-29 |title=Taxonomic revision of fleshy species of Hydnellum, Neosarcodon, and Sarcodon (Thelephorales) from Australasia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211 |journal=Mycologia |language=en |pages=1–28 |doi=10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211 |issn=0027-5514|url-access=subscription }}
{{Colbegin}}
- Sarcodon aglaosoma
- Sarcodon atroviridis
- Sarcodon austrofibulatus
- Sarcodon bubalinus
- Sarcodon caliginosus
- Sarcodon calvatus
- Sarcodon catalaunicus
- Sarcodon conchyliatus
- Sarcodon cyanellus
- Sarcodon cyrneus
- Sarcodon dissimulans
- Sarcodon excentricus
- Sarcodon harrisonii
- Sarcodon humilis
- Sarcodon ianthinus
- Sarcodon illudens
- Sarcodon imbricatus
- Sarcodon lanuginosus
- Sarcodon leucopus
- Sarcodon pakaraimensis
- Sarcodon portoricensis
- Sarcodon praestans
- Sarcodon procerus
- Sarcodon quercinofibulatus{{cite journal |author1=Pérez-De-Gregorio MA |author2=Macau N |author3=Carbó J. |title=Sarcodon quercinofibulatum, una nueva especie del género con Hifas Fibulíferas |trans-title=Sarcodon quercinofibulatum, a new species of the genus with hyphae with clamp connections |journal=Revista Catalana de Micologia |year=2011 |volume=33 |pages=25–30 |language=Spanish |url=http://micocat.net/UNCINULA09/rcm_0504/2011_33/SCM%20revista2011altaperobaixa.pdf}}
- Sarcodon quercophilus
- Sarcodon quietus
- Sarcodon regalis
- Sarcodon rimosus
- Sarcodon roseolus
- Sarcodon rutilus
- Sarcodon scabripes
- Sarcodon squamosus
- Sarcodon stereosarcinon
- Sarcodon subfelleus
- Sarcodon thwaitesii
- Sarcodon umbilicatus
- Sarcodon ussuriensis
- Sarcodon ustalis
- Sarcodon wrightii
{{Colend}}
Human uses
Several species within the Sarcodon genus, including S. imbricatus (see figure), are edible. The fungus can be bitter, but that is less apparent in younger specimens. In China, it is a popular edible mushroom and it is used to reduce cholesterol, relax the muscles, and improve blood circulation. Isolates from the genus, called scabronines, may increase nerve growth factor synthesis in vitro.{{Cite journal |last1=Obara |first1=Y. |last2=Nakahata |first2=N. |last3=Kita |first3=T. |last4=Takaya |first4=Y. |last5=Kobayashi |first5=H. |last6=Hosoi |first6=S. |last7=Kiuchi |first7=F. |last8=Ohta |first8=T. |last9=Oshima |first9=Y. |last10=Ohizumi |first10=Y. |date=1999-04-01 |title=Stimulation of neurotrophic factor secretion from 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells by novel diterpenoids, scabronines A and G |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10323283/ |journal=European Journal of Pharmacology |volume=370 |issue=1 |pages=79–84 |doi=10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00077-1 |issn=0014-2999 |pmid=10323283}}
References
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