Saroj Dutta

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Saroj Dutta

| native_name = {{lang|bn|সরোজ দত্ত}}

| image = Monuments, statues of Kolkata metropolis 16.jpg

| caption = 2nd West Bengal State Secretary of CPI(ML)

| birth_date = {{birth-date|13 March 1914}}

| birth_place = Jessore, East Bengal

| death_date = {{death-date and age|5 August 1971|13 March 1914}}

| death_place = Kolkata, West Bengal

| term_start1 = 1969

| term_end1 = 1971

| successor1 =

| predecessor1 = Sushital Ray Chowdhury

| office1 = West Bengal State Secretary of the CPI(ML)

| spouse = Bela Dutta

| children = Siraj Dutta
Kunal Dutta

| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)

| otherparty = Communist Party of India (1949-1964)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (1964-1967)

| alma_mater = University of Calcutta

Scottish Church College

| profession = Politician, poet, journalist, Social Worker

| website =

| footnotes =

}}

Saroj Dutta (March 13, 1914 – August 5, 1971) popularly known comrade SD, was an Indian communist intellectual and poet, active in the Naxalite movement in West Bengal in the 1960s. He was the first West Bengal state secretary of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI(ML)). He also remained editor-in-chief of the Amrita Bazar Patrika during the 1940s.{{cite book | title = The Naxalite Movement in India | author = Prakash Singh | publisher = Rupa Publications | year = 2006 | isbn = 8171672949}}Appendix B

It is commonly thought that he was killed in a police encounter on August 5, 1971, but till now he was missing in police and state records.{{cite web|title = The remains of Naxalbari|publisher=Livemint | url = http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/qILQtLkiUnpvkRP9v3aV3O/The-remains-of-Naxalbari.html |author=Shamanth Rao|date=March 10, 2011| access-date = 2014-02-26 }}

Early life and education

He was born in a land-owning family in Jessore in East Bengal, (now in Bangladesh) on 13 March 1914. He studied at the Victoria Collegiate School in Narail, and later graduated from the Scottish Church College in Calcutta in 1936. He subsequently earned his M.A in English Literature 1938 from the University of Calcutta.[http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2014/mar_2014/saroj_dutta.html Tribute to Saroj Dutta]

Career

Dutta joined the Amrit Bazar Patrika in early 1940s, after completing his studies, however he was fired in 1949 for joining violent activities as a member of the Communist Party of India. In 1962, after the Sino-Indian War he was briefly arrested for having pro-China (Maoist) sympathies. In 1964 he joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist), CPI(M), and was an editor of their paper, Swadhinata, along with Sushital Ray Chowdhary. He was among the many radicals who were disillusioned when the CPI(M) decided to join electoral politics in the run-up to the 1967 elections.{{cite book|title=State and politics in India|last=Kohli|first=Atul|publisher=OUP India|year=1998|isbn=0195647653|editor=Chatterjee|editor-first=Partha|editor-link=Partha Chatterjee (scholar)|page=348|chapter=From breakdown to order: West Bengal|author-link=Atul Kohli}}

Attracted to a more radical form of revolutionary Marxism, he along with Sushital Ray Chowdhury and some other Calcutta intellectuals, supported the Charu Majumdar-led Naxalbari uprising in May 1967. In April 1969, he was also one of the founder members of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist), CPI (ML), an organisation which was outlawed a year later

{{cite news | title= History of Naxalism | agency= PTI | work= Hindustan Times | url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/nm2/history-of-naxalism/article1-6545.aspx | date= December 15, 2005 | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130722091758/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM2/History-of-Naxalism/Article1-6545.aspx | archive-date= 22 July 2013 | df= dmy-all }} for conducting armed guerrilla warfare targeted at the landlords and the police.

Death

Police Arrested Dutta from his friend Debiprasad Chattapadhyaya's home on the night of August 4–5, 1971. It is stated that he was killed by the Kolkata Police on the Aryan Club ground in the Kolkata Maidan that very morning.{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/main-article-countering-the-maoists-1408542|title=Countering the Maoists|work=DNA|date=12 July 2010|location=India|access-date=2014-02-24}} It is also said that the movie star Uttam Kumar witnessed the shooting while on a morning walk, but talked about it much later when drunk; this is the storyline of the 1994 Bengali-language movie Sopan.{{cite book|author=Suniti Kumar Ghosh|title=The Historic Turning-point: A Liberation Anthology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6l3lAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|page=135|publisher=S.K. Ghosh}}{{cite web|url=https://wiki.indiancine.ma/wiki/Sopan|title=Sopan – Indiancine.ma Wiki|publisher=wiki.indiancine.ma|access-date=2014-02-24}} Bengali writer Dibyendu Palit also portrayed the incident in his novel Sahajoddha.

In 1977, after the CPI(M) returned to power with a Left-front majority, many Naxalite sympathisers{{cite web|url=http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mishra/1996/04/x01.htm|title=Come, let us take the country along a new road!|publisher=marxists.org|access-date=2014-02-24}} signed on a petition seeking an investigation of Saroj Dutta's death. The petition was given to the chief minister Jyoti Basu. However, no investigation has ever been held.{{cite web|url=http://www.frontierweekly.com/articles/vol-45/45-14-17/45-14-17-State%20Violence,%20Civil%20Liberties%20and%20Politics.html|title=Frontier articles on Society & Politics|publisher=frontierweekly.com|access-date=2014-02-24|archive-date=28 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228034524/http://www.frontierweekly.com/articles/vol-45/45-14-17/45-14-17-State%20Violence,%20Civil%20Liberties%20and%20Politics.html|url-status=dead}}

His comrade, Charu Majumdar died in police custody a year later.

Film

A feature-length documentary film, S.D. :Saroj Dutta and His Times, directed by Kasturi Basu and Mitali Biswas in 2018, featured Dutta's journey as a poet, journalist, translator, ideologue and revolutionary.{{Cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|title=A new documentary revisits the life of Bengali poet Saroj Dutta and the ferment of Naxalbari|url=https://scroll.in/reel/886949/meet-the-urban-naxal-of-his-times-in-documentary-on-bengali-poet-and-journalist-saroj-dutta|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Scroll.in|date=19 July 2018 |language=en-US}} The film contains the only on-camera interviews of two eyewitnesses - Debiprasad Chattopadhyay and Manjusha Chattopadhyay - of Saroj Dutta's abduction and disappearance by the Kolkata Police.{{Cite web|title=S.D. : SAROJ DUTTA AND HIS TIMES* – Film South Asia|url=https://www.filmsouthasia.org/film/s-d-saroj-dutta-and-his-times/|access-date=2022-01-13|language=en-US}}